U.S. patent number 3,815,378 [Application Number 05/359,607] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-11 for refrigeration fan control system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to King-Seeley Thermos Co.. Invention is credited to Walter Harold Hoenisch.
United States Patent |
3,815,378 |
Hoenisch |
June 11, 1974 |
REFRIGERATION FAN CONTROL SYSTEM
Abstract
A control for a refrigeration system including a compressor, a
condensor, an evaporator and an electrically energized fan for
passing air in heat exchange relation with respect to the
compressor, the control including a light source, fan control means
responsive to the light source for varying the operating speed of
the fan, and means for varying the magnitude of light transmitted
to the fan control means from the light source in response to the
refrigerant pressure in the refrigeration system.
Inventors: |
Hoenisch; Walter Harold (Albert
Lea, MN) |
Assignee: |
King-Seeley Thermos Co. (Ann
Arbor, MI)
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Family
ID: |
32511863 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/359,607 |
Filed: |
May 11, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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349023 |
Apr 9, 1973 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
62/184; 62/183;
62/187; 62/264 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25B
49/027 (20130101); Y02B 30/743 (20130101); F25B
2600/111 (20130101); Y02B 30/70 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F25B
49/02 (20060101); F25b 039/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;62/183,184,181,264 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wye; William J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Harness, Dickey & Pierce
Parent Case Text
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 349,023,
filed Apr. 9, 1973.
Claims
I claim:
1. A control for a refrigeration system including a compressor, a
condensor, an evaporator and an electrically energized fan for
passing air in heat exchange relation to the condenser,
a light source,
light responsive means for performing an operation in the system,
and
means for controlling the magnitude of light transmitted from said
source to said light responsive means, said last mentioned means
being at least partially interposed between said light source and
said light responsive means and having one portion thereof adapted
to permit the transmission of substantially the entire magnitude of
light produced by said light source to said light responsive means,
and another portion thereof adapted to limit the transmission of
light produced by said light source to said light responsive
means.
2. The invention as set forth in claim 1 which includes a Bourdon
tube operable in response to the refrigerant pressure in the
compressor portion of said refrigeration system, which includes a
photoelectric cell, wherein said means for controlling the
magnitude of light transmitted from said light source comprises a
light masking element movable in response to operation of said
Bourdon tube.
3. The invention as set forth in claim 2 wherein said masking
element is rotatable about a predetermined axis in response to
operation of said Bourdon tube to control the magnitude of light
transmitted from said light source to said photoelectric cell.
4. The invention as set forth in claim 3 which includes an
electronic phase control, and wherein said photoelectric cell is
cooperable with said phase control to control the firing angle at
which the phase control supplies electrical energy to the cooling
fan.
5. The invention as set forth in claim 1, wherein said control
comprises a housing having a low light reflective interior, which
includes a Bourdon tube and conduit means communicating said tube
with the discharge side of the refrigeration compressor, wherein
said light source is located adjacent said Bourdon tube, which
includes a generally circular shaped light masking element mounted
for rotation about an axis arrangement generally coaxial of said
Bourdon tube, which includes mechanical linkage means operatively
connecting said Bourdon tube with said shaft, whereupon a change in
pressure in said Bourdon tube results in rotation of said shaft,
which includes a photoelectric cell disposed on the opposite side
of said masking element from said light source, which further
includes means on said masking element for varying the magnitude of
the light transmitted to said photoelectric cell in response to
changes in the rotational position of said masking element, and
whereupon said refrigeration fan includes an AC motor whose speed
is controlled by a control device, the firing angle of which is
varied by the resistance of the input circuit of the gate electrode
of the control device, and wherein said photoelectric cell is
operable to change the resistance in said input circuit and thereby
vary the amount of energy supplied from a suitable source thereof
to said fan motor.
6. The invention as set forth in claim 1, wherein said last
mentioned means comprises a partially transparent member interposed
between said light source and said light responsive means for
selectively controlling the transmission of light therebetween.
7. The invention as set forth in claim 6 wherein said masking
element is mounted on a rotatable shaft, and which includes
mechanical linkage means actuable in response to operation of said
Bourdon tube to rotate said shaft and said masking element
thereon.
8. The invention as set forth in claim 7 which includes adjustment
means for selectively varying the amount of light received by said
photoelectric cell from said light source for a given pressure
condition in said refrigeration system.
9. The invention as set forth in claim 6, wherein said member is
generally disc-shaped and is rotatably mounted interjacent said
light source and said light responsive means.
10. The invention as set forth in claim 9, wherein said member is
rotatably mounted upon a shaft arranged generally parallel to the
direction of light travel from said light source to said light
responsive means, and wherein said shaft is rotatable in response
to a preselected operating condition in said refrigeration
system.
11. The invention as set forth in claim 9, wherein an arcuate
sector of approximately 120.degree. of said disc-shaped member
prevents the transmission of light from said light source to said
light responsive means.
12. The invention as set forth in claim 9, wherein an arcuate
sector of between 150.degree. - 250.degree. of said disc-shaped
member permits complete transmission of light from said light
source to said light responsive means.
13. The invention as set forth in claim 9 wherein an arcuate sector
of between 5.degree. - 15.degree. of said disc-shaped member
permits a substantially uniformly graduated increase in the
transmission of light from said source to said light responsive
means from 0 percent to 100 percent.
14. The invention as set forth in claim 9, wherein said disc-shaped
member comprises three arcuate sectors, wherein one of said sectors
is approximately 120.degree. and is operable to block 100 percent
of the light transmitted from said light source to said light
responsive means, wherein another of said sectors is approximately
230.degree. and is adapted to permit 100 percent of the light
produced by said light source to be transmitted to said light
responsive means, and wherein the other of said sectors is
approximately 10.degree. and is uniformly graduated to permit from
0%-100% of the light produced by said light source to be
transmitted to said light responsive means.
15. The invention as set forth in claim 9, wherein said shaft
comprises a generally cylindrical section having said disc-shaped
member rotatably carried thereon, wherein said shaft includes a
manually engageable portion and a pointer section adapted to be
selectively aligned with indicia on said disc-shaped member in
order to provide for preselected rotatable positioning of said
member on said shaft.
16. The invention as set forth in claim 10, wherein said
disc-shaped member is rotatable relative to said shaft.
17. The invention as set forth in claim 16, which includes indicia
and alignment means for selectively rotatably adjusting said
disc-shaped member.
18. The invention as set forth in claim 17, wherein said indicia
means is on said member and wherein said alignment means includes a
manually engageable means adapted to manually resist rotation of
said shaft and to permit rotation of said disc member relative
thereto.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In refrigeration systems employing a refrigerant compressor, it is
desirable to obtain the maximum desired operating head pressure of
the compressor as soon as possible after the system is energized
and to maintain this head pressure throughout the freezing cycle.
In air cooled condensing units, especially under low ambient
temperature operating conditions, it is possible that the desired
head pressure may never be obtained unless some provision is made
to control the condensor fan speed. As will be appreciated by those
skilled in the art, the head pressure in such refrigeration systems
is directly proportional to the refrigerant discharge temperature,
and accordingly, it has been proposed to utilize a pressure switch
which delays energization of the condenser fan until the proper
compressor head pressure is obtained; however, this results in
erratic operation of the fan from full "on" to "off" and further
results in large fluctuations in the head pressure. Additionally,
such pressure switches result in the condenser fan operating at
full r.p.m. when such full operating speed is not required.
Alternatively, it has been proposed to utilize an electronic phase
control device for operating the compressor fan. Such controls
obtain the desired fan speed by an external variable resistor. In
some such systems, a thermister is used to vary the resistance to
the phase control, although this approach has been found to be
objectionable due to the slow response to changes in compressor
head pressure due to the insufficient conductance of temperature
changes to the thermister. This results in high peaks in the
compressor head pressure at the initiation of a freezing cycle,
with an additional disadvantage being that the thermister senses
high ambient temperatures which cause the condenser fan to operate
too fast on start-ups.
Another approach to obtaining maximum operating head pressure of
refrigerator compressors is to use a pressure bellows to operate a
potentiometer that gives improved control of the fan through the
phase control. Disadvantages of the use of such bellows reside in
the fact that they frequently involve cumbersome and costly
operating mechanisms that require critical adjustments due to the
short travel of the pressure bellows operating the associated
potentiometers.
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, a new
and improved fan control is provided which overcomes the various
objectionable characteristics of similar type devices heretofore
proposed in the prior art. The fan control of the present invention
utilizes a light source that may be in the form of a small neon
lamp and which is cooperative with a photoelectric cell located in
the electrical circuitry of the condenser fan motor. The cell
operates to provide a variable resistance which increases or
decreases with the amount of light supplied by the neon lamp that
is transmitted to the cell. For example, when a maximum amount of
light is transmitted to the cell, the resistance provided thereby
may be quite low, for example, in the order of 600-1,000 ohms,
whereas when the magnitude of the light is predeterminately
decreased, the resistance provided by the cell may be in the order
of 100,000 ohms. The method of varying the magnitude of the light
transmitted from the neon lamp to the photoelectric cell, and thus
changing the resistance through the cell in relation to the
discharge pressure of the refrigerator compressor, is accomplished
by interposing a light masking element between the light source and
the photoelectric cell. More particularly, the light masking
element is mounted on the shaft of a Bourdon tube that is connected
to the discharge end of the compressor, with the result that as the
pressure increases, the light masking element is moved in a
predetermined manner so as to expose a greater amount of light from
the light source to the photoelectric cell, and vice versa. The
photoelectric cell is used in conjunction with an electronic phase
control for regulating the fan speed, with the phase control
operating in a conventional manner in rapidly switching "off" and
"on" the AC current supplied to the fan motor by cutting off a
fraction of the AC cycle. As will hereinafter be described in
detail, it is desirable that the head pressure of the refrigeration
system be in the order of 150 psi. Accordingly, under low ambient
temperature operating conditions, the fan control maintains the fan
motor deenergized until the head pressure has increased to
approximately 100 psi. At this point, the fan will operate at a
very slow speed and the operating speed will gradually increase as
the head pressure increases. At approximately 150 psi, the control
operates the fan at full r.p.m. and this operating condition will
continue until the head pressure begins to drop, at which time the
fan speed will decrease accordingly.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to refrigeration systems, and more
particularly, to a new and improved control for operating the
condensor fan in a manner so as to obtain predetermined head
pressure in the compressor.
It is accordingly a general object of the present invention to
provide a new and improved fan control for refrigeration
condensers.
It is a more particular object of the present invention to provide
a new and improved fan control of the above-described character
which includes a light source and a photoelectric element for
varying the resistance supplied to the fan motor, and which further
includes means for selectively controlling the magnitude of the
light transmitted from the light source to the photoelectric cell
in accordance with the discharge pressure of the compressor.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a new and
improved fan control of the above-described type wherein the means
for varying the magnitude of the light supplied to the
photoelectric cell comprises a light masking element which is
cooperable with a pressure responsive Bourdon tube.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a
new and improved fan control for use in refrigeration systems of
the type which can be used in ice making equipment.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a new
and improved fan control of the above-described type which is of a
relatively simple construction, is economical to manufacture and
which will have a long and effective operational life.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent from the following detailed description taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the fan control of the present
invention as shown in operative association with a typical
refrigeration system;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of a portion of the fan control
embodying the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an elevated perspective view of the fan control shown in
FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged transverse cross-sectional view taken
substantially along the line 4--4 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 ia an enlarged fragmentary view of a modified construction
of the fan control of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged transverse cross-sectional view of the
portion of the fan control shown in FIG. 5; and
FIG. 7 is a front elevational view of the light masking element
incorporated in the modified fan control shown in FIGS. 5 and
6.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring in detail now to the drawings and in particular to FIG. 1
thereof, a refrigeration system 10 is representatively illustrated
as comprising a conventional compressor 12, condensor 14 and
evaporator 16. As is customary in the art, the condenser 14 is
provided with a cooling fan, generally designated by the numeral
18, which functions to selectively pass cooling air thereover
during operation thereof. The fan 18 is shown as comprising an
electrically energized motor 20, the operation of which is
controlled by a fan control, generally designated by the numeral 22
and constructed in accordance with the principles of the present
invention. Generally speaking, the fan control 22 is connected to
the refrigeration system by means of a conduit 24 which is
communicable with the discharge side of the compressor 12, and by
means of electrical conductors 26, 28 which supply electrical
energy to the fan motor 20. As will hereinafter be described in
detail, the discharge pressure of the compressor 12 increases with
the ambient temperature of the refrigeration system 10, and when
the system 10 is operating under low ambient temperature
conditions, such as below 70.degree.F., the discharge pressure of
the compressor 12 is too low for efficient operation. The proper
compressor head pressure is particularly important when the
refrigeration system 10 is operatively associated with ice making
machines, especially where the refrigerant gases are utilized to
heat the defrost water that is employed during the harvest cycle of
an ice making machine. Normally, in such ice making machines, a
head pressure of approximately 150 psi is desirable. In high
ambient temperature conditions, the pressure may increase in excess
of 200 psi; however, in low ambients, the fan control 22 of the
present invention will function to delay operation of the fan 18
until the head pressure has increased to approximately 100 psi. At
this point, the fan 18 will operate at a very slow r.p.m. and
gradually increase in speed as the head pressure of the compressor
increases. At approximately 150 psi, the fan control 22 operates
the fan at full r.p.m. and the fan 18 will continue to so operate
until such time as the head pressure of the compressor 12 begins to
decrease, at which time the fan speed will decrease proportionately
to reduce the head pressure.
Referring now in detail to the construction of the fan control 22
of the present invention, as best seen in FIGS. 2-4, the fan
control 22 is contained or enclosed within a generally
rectangular-shaped housing 30, one side 32 of which is depicted in
the drawings. The interior of the housing 32 is preferably of a
dark color to avoid any light reflections, as will hereinafter be
appreciated. The side 32 of the housing 30 is provided with a pair
of mounting flanges 34 and 36 on the opposite ends thereof which
are secured to the side 32 by means of suitable screws, bolts or
the like 38. The flanges 34, 36 are adapted to cooperate with the
remaining portion of the housing 30 (not shown) in operatively
securing the side 32 thereto, as will be appreciated by those
skilled in the art. The mounting flange 46 is formed with an
aperture 40 within which a suitable grommet or the like 42 is
provided, whereby to permit suitable electrical conductors to pass
from the exterior of the housing 30 to the interior thereof, as is
well known in the art. Generally speaking, the interior of the
housing 30 contains a pressure sensing assembly 44, a phase control
46 and electrical terminal block 48, all of which components will
hereinafter be described in detail.
Referring now in detail to the construction and operation of the
pressure sensing assembly 44, the assembly 44 comprises a Bourdon
tube, generally designated by the numeral 50, which is of a
conventional, generally C-shaped configuration and is fabricated of
a flattened metal tube which is closed at the outer end thereof. It
is well known in the art, at such time as the pressure within the
tube 50 increases, the same tends to move toward a straightened
configuration and thereby provides a mechanical movement at the
outer end thereof. The Bourdon tube 50 is operatively mounted
within a suitable manifold block 52 which is communicable via a
suitable fluid fitting 53 with the conduit 24 that communicates
with the discharge side of the compressor 12, as previously
mentioned. The end of the Bourdon tube opposite that which is
secured to the manifold block 52 is connected via a suitable
mechanical linkages 54 with a segmental gear 56 which is meshingly
engaged with external teeth formed on a rotatable shaft 58. The
mechanical linkages 54 and gear segment 56 operate such that upon
an increase in pressure within the Bourdon tube 50 due to an
increase in pressure on the discharge side of the compressor 12,
the shaft 58 will be caused to rotate, for purposes to be
hereinafter described. As shown in FIG. 4, the outer end of the
shaft 58 is journal supported by suitable bearing means 60
operatively secured within a support plate or the like 62 attached
to the inner side of the manifold block 52.
Disposed interiorly of the Bourdon tube 50 is a light source,
generally designated by the numeral 64. The light source 64
perferably is in the form of a neon light 66 and is operatively
mounted within a suitable support bracket 68 attached by suitable
screws, bolts or the like 70 to the side 32 of the housing 30. The
neon light 66 is connected via suitable electrical conductors 72,
74 with terminals 76 and 78 of the aforementioned terminal block
48, with suitable resistor means (not shown), such as a 1200 ohm
resistor or the like, being provided in the electrical circuit to
the neon light 66 so that the same may operate on a 115 volt source
of electrical energy.
The light source 64 is cooperable with a light sensitive
photoelectric device, herein referred to as a photoelectric cell
and generally designated by the numeral 82. The photoelectric cell
82 may be of any one of a number of different types of
constructions and may consist, for example, of a photoconductive
detector, a phototube, a photovoltaic cell, a phototransistor or
various other devices well known in the art which functions to
change the resistance in an electrical circuit in accordance with
the magnitude of exposure or degree of light transmitted thereto.
Preferably the photoelectric cell 82 embodied in the present
invention consists of a cadmium sulphide cell of a construction
well known in the art. Due to the sensitivity of the photoelectric
cell 82, it is preferable to maintain the interior of the housing
30 shielded from exterior light sources, as previously mentioned.
The photoelectric cell 82 is operatively supported in a suitable
carrier element, generally designated by the numeral 84, which is
located adjacent and above the end of the shaft 58 which is
rotatable by the Bourdon tube 50. The carrier element 84 is
threadably mounted on a generally externally threaded shaft or
screw element 86 which is in turn journal supported within a
suitable internal bore formed in a mounting block 88 that is
operatively secured to the side 32 of the housing 30. The upper end
of the shaft 86 is formed with a screwdriver receiving slot 90 by
which the shaft 86 may be rotated, with the result that the carrier
element 84 and photoelectric cell 82 mounted thereon will move
toward and away from the axis of the shaft 58 and hence toward and
away from a position generally in aligned confronting relation with
respect to the light source 64. Thus, the control 22 may be
adjusted in accordance with the desired head pressure in the
associated refrigeration system. One side of the carrier element 84
is formed with an elongated slot 92 which is adapted to be slidably
engaged with an elongated guide member 94 having an upper,
generally loop-shaped portion 96 that is adapted to be secured to
the side 32 by means of a suitable screw, bolt or the like 98. As
will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the
interengagement of the slot 92 with the guide member 94 prevents
rotation of the element 84 and photoelectric cell 82 upon upward
and downward movement thereof upon rotational adjustment of the
shaft 86. The photoelectric cell 82 is mounted on the carrier 84
such that the light sensitive side thereof faces the light source
64, and the cell 82 is connected to the electric circuitry of the
fan control 22 of the present invention by means of a pair of
electrical conductors 100 and 102 which are respectively connected
to terminals 104 and 106 of the terminal block 48.
In accordance with the present invention, interposed between the
photoelectric cell 82 and the light source 64 is a light masking
element, generally designated by the numeral 108. The element 108
consists of a generally disc-shaped member which may be fabricated
of a light impervious material, such as metal or the like. The
masking element 108 is formed with a central opening 110 which is
provided with a suitable mounting hub or the like 112 adapted to
operatively secure the element 108 on the end of the shaft 58. With
this arrangement, upon rotation of the shaft 58 due to a pressure
change within the Bourdon tube 50, the masking element 108 will
rotate about the axis of the shaft 58. The radial dimension of the
masking element 108 is such that the element is adapted to
interrupt or block the transmission of light from the light source
64 to the photoelectric cell 82; however, the element 108 is formed
with a control aperture, generally designated by the numeral 114,
which is of a preselected configuration such that when the element
108 is selectively rotationally positioned, a predetermined
magnitude of light will be transmitted from the light source 64
through the aperture 114 to the photoelectric cell 82. The shape or
configuration of the control aperture 114 is such that when the
internal pressure within the Bourdon tube 50 is relatively low, for
example, in the order of approximately 150 psi, the aperture 114 is
in complete registry with the line of light transmission from the
light source 64 to the photoelectric cell 82. In this condition,
the maximum amount of light is transmitted to the photoelectric
cell 82 which results in a minimum or zero resistance being
interjected thereby into the fan control circuit. As the pressure
within the Bourdon tube 50 decreases, for example, to approximately
125 psi, resulting in a predetermined amount of rotation of the
element 108, the configuration of the control aperture 114 therein
is such that approximately 25 percent of the light transmission
from the light source 64 to the photoelectric cell 82 is blocked.
Similarly, when the pressure within the Bourdon tube 50 drops still
further, for example, to approximately 70 psi, the shape of the
control aperture 114 is such that approximately one-half the light
from the light source 64 to the photoelectric cell 82 is blocked.
Finally, the control aperture 114 is such that when the pressure
within the Bourdon tube 50 drops to some predetermined minimum
level, approaching zero psi, the aperture 114 will be moved
entirely out of registry with the photoelectric cell 82 and light
source 64, with the result that the masking element 108 entirely
blocks the transmission of light therebetween. It will be noted
that the present invention is not intended to be limited to the
specific construction of the masking element 108 hereinbefore
described, since the element 108 may assume various other shapes
and may be fabricated of various other materials. For example, the
element 108 could consist of an ellipsoid-shaped member, the outer
periphery of which is shaped so as to provide the desired
interruption of light transmission from the light source 64 to the
photoelectric cell 82. Additionally, the masking element 108 could
be fabricated of a transparent material which has a portion thereof
gradually shaded or colored, as shown in FIGS. 5-7 and hereafter
described in detail. It will also be noted that the particular
configuration and location of the various components of the fan
control 22 of the present invention are not necessarily limited to
the arrangement shown in the drawing and that such components could
be mounted on a conventional printed circuit board having the
various electrical conductors described herein printed thereon, as
will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Additionally, it
will be seen that various means other than the adjustable shaft 86
may be provided for varying the magnitude of light transmitted to
the cell 82 for a given desired head pressure. For example, instead
of having the photoelectric cell 82 be movable by means of the
aforedescribed shaft 86, it would be possible to have the masking
element 108 adjustably mounted upon the shaft 58, whereby the
element 108 could be selectively rotatably positioned upon the
shaft 58 in accordance with the desired pressure of the compressor
12.
The fan motor 20 of the fan 18 consists of a typical AC motor, the
speed of which is controlled by conventional control devices, such
as controlled rectifiers or triacs, etc. As is well known in the
art, the firing angle at which the control devices are caused to
conduct may be controlled by the input circuit to the gate
electrode of the control devices, thus varying the amount of energy
fed to the fan motor 20. The phase control 36 and resistance
profided by the cell 82 generally functions to control the input
circuit of such a control device. More particularly, the phase
control 36 is shown as being housed in a suitable enclosure or
housing 118 which is secured to the side 32 of the housing 30 by
means of suitable screws, bolts or the like 120. The phase control
may consist of any suitable known motor speed control which
generally functions to rapidly switch "off" and "on" the AC supply
to the fan motor 20 by cutting off a fraction of the AC cycle.
This, of course, is accomplished by controlling the phase angle of
the AC wave at which the triac or other control rectifier is
triggered. A suitable phase control is marketed by Omnetics
Incorporated of Syracuse, N.Y., and is marketed under the trade
name Omnephase. Suitable AC phase control models sold under the
Omnephase trade name are models 602A and 1002A and typically have
an input voltage characteristic of 120 volts, an off state voltage
of 200 volts, a forward voltage drop of 1.80 volts, an on state
current of 6-10 amps, a peak surge on-state current of 100-200, and
a peak off-state current of 2 milliamperes. It will be appreciated,
of course, that various alternative AC phase controls may be
utilized without departing from the scope of the present invention
and that the aforesaid typical phase control devices are described
merely by way of example. The phase control 46 is communicable with
the electrical circuitry of the fan control 22 of the present
invention by conductors 122, 124 and 126 which are connected to
terminals 106, 104 and 76, respectively, of the terminal block 48.
It will be noted that the electrical conductors 26 and 28,
hereinabove described, are connected to the terminals 78 and 104,
respectively, of the terminal block 48, while the terminals 76 and
78 are connected via conductors 128 and 130, respectively, to a
suitable source of electrical energy, which, for example, may
consist of the electrical energy supplied to the compressor 12.
Assuming that the photoelectric cell 82 is properly positioned with
respect to the light source 64 and that the light masking element
108 is properly rotationally positioned upon the shaft 58 so as to
achieve the desired rotation thereof for a given desirable range of
pressure changes occurring within the Bourdon tube 50 and
originating at the discharge side of the compressor 12, the
operation of the fan control 22 of the present invention is such
that when a minimum pressure condition exists within the compressor
12, the masking element 108 is rotationally positioned so as to
prevent the transmission of light from the light source 64 to the
photoelectric cell 82. Accordingly, the maximum amount of
electrical resistance is introduced into the electrical circuit of
the fan motor 20. Depending upon the particular type of
photoelectric cell 82 which is utilized, this resistance may be in
the order of 100,000 ohms or greater. As the pressure at the
discharge end of the compressor 12 increases, the masking element
108 will be rotated, thereby causing a greater amount of light to
be transmitted from the light source 64 to the photoelectric cell
82. For example, when the pressure in the Bourdon tube 50 reaches
approximately 75 psi, approximately one-half of the light produced
by the light source 64 will be transmitted to the photoelectric
cell 82, and as the pressure increases further to approximately 125
psi, approximately 75 percent of the light source 64 will be
transmitted to the photoelectric cell 82. The percent of light
transmitted to the cell 82 will continue to increase with increased
pressure in the Bourdon tube 50 until such time as the pressure
therewithin is in the order of 150 psi, at which time virtually the
entire amount of light produced by the light source 64 will be
transmitted to the photoelectric cell 82. When the maximum amount
of light is received by the photoelectric cell 82, the resistance
introduced thereby is at a relatively low level, for example, in
the order of 600 ohms or less, with the result that the fan motor
20 is operating at virtually full r.p.m., thereby resulting in the
maximum amount of air being passed over the compressor 12.
As previously mentioned, the fan control 22 of the present
invention will find particularly useful application in low ambient
temperature operating conditions, particularly where the
refrigeration system 10 is utilized in an ice making machine or the
like wherein the defrost water is heated by the discharge gases of
the refrigeration system. It will be appreciated, of course, that
the principles of the present invention will find wide and varied
application other than ice making equipment, where a small,
compact, easily adjustable fan control is to be employed.
FIGS. 5-7 depict a modified embodiment of the aforementioned light
masking element which is hereinafter designated by the numeral 200.
The element 200 is adapted to be located in the same general
location as the aforedescribed element 108 and like the element
108, is of a generally annular disc-shaped configuration.
Preferably the element 200 is fabricated of a transparent acrylic
plastic material approximately 0.030 inch in thickness. The element
200 is formed with a central axial opening 202 through which an
adjustment shaft 204 partially extends. The shaft 204 is shown as
generally comprising a generally cylindrical rearwardly extending
section 206 which projects through the opening 202 in the element
200. Additionally, the shaft 204 includes an integral pointer
section 208 consisting of an alignment pointer 210 which is
disposed adjacent the outer surface of the masking element 200. The
shaft 204 also comprises a manually engageable or handle portion
212 which is formed integrally of the sections 208 and 206 and like
the sections 208, 206 is preferably fabricated of a molded plastic
material such as Lexan. The shaft 204 is preferably of a dark,
i.e., non-light transmitting, color such as black.
The rearward end of the cylindrical section 206 of the shaft 204 is
formed with a central blind bore 214 which is adapted to nestingly
receive the outer end of the shaft 58, whereby the shaft 204 is
drivingly connected to the Bourdon tube 50, with the result that
rotation of the shaft 58 due to a pressure change within the tube
50 will result in concomitant rotation of the shaft 204 and element
200. It will be appreciated, of course, that the shaft 204 may be
connected in other ways to the Bourdon tube 50 without departing
from the scope of the present invention.
The light masking element 200 is adapted to be rotatable with the
shaft 204, yet is rotatable relative thereto when the shaft 204 is
held stationary and a suitable rotative force is applied to the
element 200. Toward this end, a suitable Tinnerman type washer 216
or the like is secured to the rearward side of the element 200,
with the resilient spring fingers 218 of the washer 216
frictionally engaging the outer periphery of the cylindrical
section 206. With this arrangement, the element 200 is not freely
rotatable upon the shaft 204, yet when the shaft 204 is held
stationary by manually grasping the portion 212 thereof, a rotative
force applied to the element 200 will result in rotation thereof
relative to the shaft 204 so that a predetermined rotational
relationship between the element 200 and shaft 204 may be
achieved.
In accordance with the present invention, the element 200 is
preferably fabricated of a transparent material with certain
arcuate sectors thereof shaded, colored or otherwise provided with
means for limiting the transmission of light from the light source
64 to the photoelectric cell 82. More particularly and as best seen
in FIG. 7, the element 200 is divided into three generally arcuate
sectors 220, 222 and 224. The sector 220 is approximately 120
arcuate degrees plus or minus five degrees and is suitably colored
or otherwise obscured so as to permit 0 percent of the light
produced by the light source 64 from being transmitted to the
photoelectric cell 82 when the masking element 200 is properly
rotationally positioned such that the sector 220 is interposed
therebetween. The arcuate sector 222 is approximately 230 arcuate
degrees and is adapted to permit 100 percent of the light produced
by the light source 64 to be transmitted to the photoelectric cell
82. In other words, the sector 222 is preferably entirely
transparent. The sector 224 on the other hand is approximately 10
arcuate degrees and is intended to be gradually uniformly shaded or
colored from one radial edge thereof to the opposite radial edge
thereof, with the shading or coloring gradually increasing from
zero amount of shading at the radial edge thereof adjacent the
sector 222 to a maximum of a total amount of shading at the radial
edge thereof adjacent the sector 220. This, of course, results in a
gradually decreasing amount of light being transmitted from the
light source 64 to the cell 82 as the masking element 200 is
rotated from a position wherein the sector 222 thereof is
interposed between the source 64 and a cell 82 to a position
wherein the sector 200 is interposed therebetween.
Operation of the light masking element 200 is essentially the same
as the masking element 108 in controlling the transmission of light
from the source 64 to the photoelectric cell 82 in accordance with
the pressure changes occurring within the Bourdon tube 50. The
element 200 is rotatably positioned upon the shaft 204 such that
when a minimum pressure condition exists within the compressor 12,
the sector 220 of the element 200 is interposed between the light
source 64 and cell 82. As the pressure at the discharge end of the
compressor 12 increases, the masking element 200 will be rotated
such that the graduated sector 224 thereof moves into position
between the light source 64 and a cell 82, thereby causing a
predetermined amount of light to be transmitted to the
photoelectric cell 82. The percentage of light transmitted to the
cell 82 will continue to increase with increased pressure within
the Bourdon tube 50 until the pressure therewithin reaches a
predetermined magnitude, at which time the masking element 200 will
be rotated via the shafts 58 and 204 to a position wherein the
transparent sector 222 of the element 200 is in registry with the
direction of light travel from the light source 64 to the cell 82.
As previously mentioned, when the maximum amount of light is thus
received by the cell 82, the resistance introduced thereby into the
electrical circuit of the fan motor 20 is at a minimum level,
resulting in the fan motor 20 operating at full r.p.m. In the event
it is desired to adjust the operating speed of the fan motor in
accordance with a predetermined compressor pressure, the light
masking element 200 may be selectively rotatably adjusted upon the
shaft 204 by conveniently manually grasping the portion 212 with
one hand and rotating the element 200 with the other hand. Suitable
means such as indicia 226 may be provided on the face of the
element 200 for selective alignment with the pointer 210 for
achieving predetermined operating characteristics of the fan
control of the present invention, as will be appreciated by those
skilled in the art.
While it will be apparent that the preferred embodiments herein
illustrated are well calculated to fulfill the objects stated
above, it will be appreciated that the present invention is
susceptible to modification, variation and change without departing
from the scope of the invention.
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