U.S. patent number 3,815,368 [Application Number 05/380,917] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-11 for method for installing concrete anchor piles in situ.
Invention is credited to Lee A. Turzillo.
United States Patent |
3,815,368 |
Turzillo |
June 11, 1974 |
METHOD FOR INSTALLING CONCRETE ANCHOR PILES IN SITU
Abstract
Method for placing anchor pile, as for bracing an earth
retaining wall, includes an anchor rod axially centered in a bore
augered in an earth situs at a location including an overburden of
loose earth held against movement along an inclined slippage plane
by a retaining wall. An auger drill is progressively withdrawn from
the bore while fluid hydraulic cement mortar is pumped through
auger shaft to form a pile in the bore, to requisite extents above
and below slippage plane, with a tie-back rod axially centered
therein. While mortar in the bore is in partially set, but still
somewhat soft condition, a hollow shafted auger is operated to
drill a new hole in the formed pile, along central axis thereof, to
adjacent slippage plane. Upon substantial hardening of the
remainder of the formed pile, the portion of centered rod extending
freely above the slippage plane will not be under any substantial
degree of radial tension, which otherwise would have been applied
by the overburden. A part of rod located in hole extending above
the slippage plane is adapted to be selectively detached from the
retained portion of the formed pile at point in the redrilled
cavity, as for the purpose of subsequent removal of overburden to a
selective lower level.
Inventors: |
Turzillo; Lee A. (Akron,
OH) |
Family
ID: |
23502958 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/380,917 |
Filed: |
July 19, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
405/259.5;
52/742.15; 52/741.15 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02D
5/54 (20130101); E02D 5/36 (20130101); E02D
5/76 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E02D
5/74 (20060101); E02D 5/34 (20060101); E02D
5/22 (20060101); E02D 5/54 (20060101); E02D
5/76 (20060101); E02D 5/36 (20060101); E02d
005/34 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/742
;61/35,39,53.52,53.62,53.64,53.66 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Rimrodt; Louis K.
Assistant Examiner: Corbin; David H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cleland; William
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method as for producing an anchor pile in an earth situs such
as in a location including an overburden, comprising; forming a
reinforced pile body of fluid, self-hardening cementitious material
in a pile cavity extending through the overburden and into the
situs inwardly of the overburden, with at least one elongated
tension element extending through the formed pile body; screwing a
hollow-shafted auger about said at least one element and into the
formed pile body while the cementitious material thereof is in set,
but somewhat unhardened, penetrable condition, thereby to define a
new cavity therein through which a part of said at least one
element extends substantially freely of the overburden; and
allowing the remainder of the formed pile body extending inwardly
of the new cavity to harden, with an inner extent of said element
anchored in said hardened remainder of the pile body.
2. A method as in claim 1, wherein said at least one element is
rigid and includes a selectively removable extent thereof freely
presented within the new cavity, and wherein the steps of the
method include removal of at least a part of the free extent of the
rigid element from said anchored inner extent thereof.
3. A method as in claim 2, wherein at least some of said
overburden, above the hardened remainder of the pile body, is
removed after said removal of the free extent of the rigid
element.
4. A method of producing an anchor pile in an earth situs such as
in a location including an overburden, comprising the steps of:
screwing a hollow-shafted auger into the situs to predetermined
depth and location to define a cavity therein passing through the
overburden, by removal of the augered material; progressively
withdrawing the auger from said cavity and replacing the removed
material with fluid, self-hardenable cementitious material to form
a pile body with an elongated rigid tension element positioned
lengthwise therein said pile body extending through the overburden
and into the situs inwardly of the overburden; screwing a
hollow-shafted auger about said element and into the formed pile
body while the cementitious material thereof is in unhardened,
pentrable condition, thereby to form a new cavity around the rigid
element in the area of the overburden; and allowing the remainder
of the formed pile body extending inwardly of said new cavity to
harden, and thereby anchor said rigid element thereto with an outer
extent of the rigid tension element above said area of overburden
substantially free from tensional restraint.
5. A method as in claim 4 wherein said rigid element is selectively
releasably jointed at a point within said new cavity for removal of
an outer extent of the element.
6. A method as in claim 5, wherein said outer extent of the rigid
element is removed after said remainder of the formed pile body,
inwardly of said new cavity, has hardened.
7. A method as in claim 6, including the step of removing at least
some of said overburden overlying said remainder of the formed pile
body after removal of said outer extent of the rigid element.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Heretofore, tie-backs have been placed in situ, as for shoring a
retaining wall defining a lateral face for an excavation, to extend
through an earthen overburden retained by the retaining wall to be
anchored by a concrete anchor pile underlying the overburden.
Schnable U.S. Pat. No. 3,541,798, for example, shows such an
arrangement in which a tie-back rod extends at an angle to the
horizontal centrally through a cavity drilled through the
overburden, to be anchored in a concrete base or anchor pile in the
underlayer below the overburden. There is no provision, in the
Schnable disclosure of means or mode for ultimate removal of the
rod from the base or anchor pile while the overburden is retained
in the situs, and no means is shown or suggested for preventing the
overburden at least along the slippage plane from applying
substantial radial tension to the anchor rod, adversely to reduce
the amount of tensional restraint that can be applied to the
tie-back rod for retaining the shoring in requisite fixed
condition.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
The method of the present invention has particular utility for
producing an anchor pile in an earth situs, as for anchoring a
vertical retaining wall against movement of an overburden. For this
purpose a hollow shafted auger may be drilled into the situs at a
downward incline with reference to the retaining wall, and at a
substantial angle to a slippage plane of the overburden, for
example, to form a cavity of predetermined depth in the earth
retained by the wall. Next, the auger is withdrawn from the cavity
while replacing the removed earth with fluid, self-hardenable,
cementitious material to form a pile body having an elongated
tension element or anchor rod positioned centrally therethrough as
for anchoring attachment to the wall. While the formed pile body is
in set but still penetrable condition a suitable hollow shafted
auger is screwed into said body to remove an axially centered core
of the cementitious material therefrom and to form a second cavity
with a substantial extent of the anchor rod exposed within the
cavity. Thereafter, the retained cementitious material, including
at least a small thickness thereof adhered to or within the wall of
the original cavity, is allowed to become set or at least partially
hardened. In other words, the earthern wall of the original cavity
will be protected by a thickness of cementitious material of
sufficient consistency to prevent ingress of the surrounding earth
into the second cavity around the rod, and thereby to obviate any
chance of the overburden applying unwanted radial tension to the
rod. A selective extent of the anchor rod within the redrilled
cavity may be removed, as by disconnection of the rod at a screw
threaded coupling or joint at a preselected depth in the cavity,
thereby to facilitate removal of overburden above a given level
upon completion of the work which required provision of the
retaining wall in the first place.
A general object of the invention is to provide an improved method
for installing a tie-back pile in an earth situs, as for affixing
an earth-retaining wall against movement of an overburden in an
earth situs, in a manner by which the overburden is prevented from
applying damaging radial tension to a tie-rod extending between the
pile and the retaining wall.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method for
installing a tie-back anchoring pile in a manner and for purposes
described, by which a predetermined outer extent of the tie rod can
be removed from the situs to permit removal of the overburden to a
corresponding depth or level above the anchoring pile.
The foregoing and other objects of the invention will be manifest
from the following brief description and the accompanying
drawings.
Of the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1, is a vertical cross-section, partly broken away, through an
earth situs and illustrating a completed step of the improved
method by which a hollow-shafted auger has been screwed into an
earth situs to define a cavity of requisite depth for installing a
rod reinforced concrete pile, or an anchor-pile, as for anchoring
an earth retaining wall.
FIG. 2 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1, in which the auger has
been operated first to remove the augered earth from the cavity,
and then to fill the cavity with fluid cement mortar for forming a
concrete pile body with an anchor rod centered therein.
FIG. 3 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2, illustrating a further
step of rotating the same or a different auger through an upper
axial extent of formed pile body while the mortar is still in
partly set, but relatively fluid consistency, and otherwise
operated to form a new cavity of like extent with the reinforcing
rod freely centered therein.
FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3, showing the completed
anchor pile, in which the rod is anchored to the retained inner
extent of now solid concrete pile, with the outer end of the rod
affixed to a tension applying device secured to the retaining wall
to hold the same in place.
Referring first to FIG. 1 of the drawings, there is illustrated
earth drilling equipment 10, of known type such as disclosed in
Turzillo U.S. Pat. No. 3,464,216 and by which a hollow shafted
auger 11 has been passed through an aperture means 12 in a vertical
earth retaining wall 13, and selectively rotated into the earth S
behind the wall, thereby to define a first cavity 14 of
predetermined depth or extent presented at a downward angle to the
vertical plane of the retaining wall, and to a substantial inward
depth beyond a soil slippage plane P. In this step of the method a
tension rod 15, centered within a hollow shaft 16 of the auger, may
be associated with a bit or other suitable closure member 17,
releasably attached to the inner end of the auger as shown in FIG.
1, or as disclosed in Turzillo U.S. Pat. No. 3,354,657 as an
example, or the rod 15 may be of a type adapted to be axially
manipulated to knock the bit 17 from the auger shaft, in the manner
disclosed in aforementioned Turzillo U.S. Pat. No. 3,464,216.
Where, for example, the wall 13 is used to retain overburden
E.sub.2 of loose earth tending to move downwardly in reference to a
slippage plane P at a right angle to the axis of the auger shaft,
the drilling is continued to extend the thereby defined cavity to a
desired or predetermined depth below the slippage plane P.
Next, the auger, with the closure member released as by axial
movement of the rod 15 for inward passage of fluid, hydraulic
cement mortar, under pressure may be pumped into the cavity, from
the lower end of the auger, to replace the earth removed from the
cavity in timed relationship with progressive withdrawal of the
auger until the cavity is filled with cement mortar around the rod
and then the auger is fully withdrawn, whereby a pile body 20 is
initially formed with the rod centered through the same, as shown
in FIG. 2.
While the initially formed pile body 20 is in somewhat partially
set, but unhardened condition, the same or a different
hollow-shafted auger of smaller diameter may be screwed axially
into said pile body to define a new cavity or hole 14a of the same
or reduced diameter, which is thereby lined with a thickness or
layer 22 of the aforesaid cement mortar adapted to set in due
course, after removal of the newly inserted auger. The layer 22,
upon becoming at least partially hardened or set, serves to prevent
ingress of the overburden into the new cavity 14a and thereby
obviates tensional restraint which would otherwise be applied to
the portion of the tension rod presented above the slippage
plane.
Upon eventual removal of the retaining wall, the upper extent 15a
of the rod 15 may be removed, as by unscrewing the same at the
coupling 24, located just above the anchoring pile portion 20a of
the pile 20 retained below the slippage plane P. Removal of the
upper part 15a of the rod 15 in this manner makes it possible to
excavate earth to any desired level above the retained portion 20a
of the anchor pile 20, after the retaining wall 13 has served its
purpose and is no longer needed at the situs. After said removal of
the rod part 15a the redrilled hole 14a may be filled with earth or
other loose material, thereby to provide additional support of the
overburden prior to said removal of the retaining wall 13, for
example.
Modifications of the invention may be resorted to without departing
from the spirit thereof, or the scope of the appended claims.
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