U.S. patent number 3,815,059 [Application Number 05/331,077] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-04 for circuit interrupter comprising electromagnetic opening means.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Westinghous Electric Corporation. Invention is credited to Leonard A. Spoelman.
United States Patent |
3,815,059 |
Spoelman |
June 4, 1974 |
CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER COMPRISING ELECTROMAGNETIC OPENING MEANS
Abstract
A circuit interrupter is constructed to utilize the
electromagnetic forces generated by an overload current condition
in order to drive a movable contact arm to open the contacts of the
interrupter.
Inventors: |
Spoelman; Leonard A. (West
Lafayette, IN) |
Assignee: |
Westinghous Electric
Corporation (Pittsburgh, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
23205289 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/331,077 |
Filed: |
December 1, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
335/16; 200/325;
335/195 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
77/108 (20130101); H01H 77/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
77/00 (20060101); H01H 77/10 (20060101); H01H
77/06 (20060101); H01h 077/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;335/16,195,194 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Broome; Harold
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Elchik; W. A.
Claims
I claim as my invention:
1. A circuit interrupter comprising a housing, a circuit
interrupter structure supported in said housing, said circuit
interrupter structure comprising a stationary contact, a movable
contact cooperable with said stationary contact, a contact arm
carrying said movable contact, means supporting said contact arm
for movement between closed and open positions, means biasing said
contact arm into the closed position, a magnetic drive structure
comprising a magnetic device of magnetic material having an open
slot therein open at one end thereof and closed at the other end
thereof, said contact arm being positioned in said slot in
proximity to the open end of said slot, the circuit through said
circuit interrupter passing through said contact arm and said
contacts in the closed position of said contact arm, upon the
occurrence of an overload current above a predetermined value
through said contact arm the magnetic flux generated by said
current in said contact arm operating in said magnetic device to
drive said contact arm into said slot toward the closed end of said
slot to thereby open said contacts.
2. A circuit interrupter according to claim 1, and an
arc-extinguishing structure supported in said housing in proximity
to said contacts to effect extinction of arcs drawn between said
contacts during opening operations of said circuit interrupter.
3. A circuit interrupter according to claim 2, said circuit
interrupter comprising a first terminal means at one end thereof
and a second terminal means at the other end thereof to enable
connection of said circuit interrupter in an electric circuit.
4. A circuit interrupter according to claim 1, said contact arm
being an elongated contact arm, said magnetic device comprising a
plurality of laminations of plates of magnetic material with said
slot being an elongated slot elongated in the direction of
elongation of said contact arm, and said elongated contact arm in
the closed position thereof extending lengthwise through said
elongated slot in proximity to the open end of said elongated
slot.
5. A circuit interrupter according to claim 4, said contact arm
being a generally flat contact arm positioned to move in said slot
along planes coexistent with the planes of the flat sides of said
contact arm.
6. A circuit interrupter according to claim 4, latch means
automatically latching said contact arm in the open position, and
latch release means releasable to unlatch said contact arm
whereupon said biasing means automatically moves said contact arm
to the closed position.
7. A circuit interrupter according to claim 6, pivot support means
supporting said elongated contact arm in proximity to one end of
said elongated contact arm for pivotal movement about a fixed
pivot, said pivot support means being disposed at one end of said
magnetic device, said contact arm carrying said movable contact
thereon at the opposite end of said contact arm and at the opposite
end of said magnetic device, and said slot means in said magnetic
device having a reduced height dimension in proximity to said pivot
support means and an increased height dimension in proximity to
said movable contact.
8. A circuit interrupter according to claim 1, said magnetic device
being formed with said slot therein such that in the cross section
of said magnetic device said slot is a generally T-shaped slot, a
main conductor for carrying current in said circuit interrupter,
said main conductor forming a plurality of turns around a portion
of said magnetic device with said turns going over the top of said
magnetic device and through the upper arm of said T-shaped slot and
with said main conductor being connected to one end of said contact
arm such that the current through said circuit interrupter extends
in series relation through said turns of said main conductor and
said elongated contact arm whereby the current through said turns
of said main conductor and said elongated contact arm generates
magnetic flux in said magnetic device to force said contact arm
rapidly to the open position upon the occurrence of said overload
current above said predetermined value.
9. A circuit interrupter according to claim 8, and an
arc-extinguishing structure supported in said housing in proximity
to said contacts to effect extinction of arcs drawn between said
contacts during opening operations of said circuit interrupter.
10. A circuit interrupter according to claim 9, said contact arm
being a generally flat contact arm positioned to move in said slot
along planes coexistent with the planes of the flat sides of said
contact arm.
11. A circuit interrupter according to claim 10, said circuit
interrupter comprising a first terminal means at one end thereof
and a second terminal means at the other end thereof to enable
connection of said circuit interrupter in an electric circuit.
12. A circuit interrupter comprising a housing, a circuit
interrupter structure supported in said housing, said circuit
interrupter structure comprising a pair of elongated contact arms,
a separate movable contact supported on each of said elongated
contact arms, means supporting said contact arms for movement
toward each other to a closed position wherein said movable
contacts are engaged and for movement away from each other toward
an open position wherein said movable contacts are disengaged,
means biasing said contact arms into the closed position, a
separate magnetic drive structure for each of said movable contact
arms each of said magnetic drive structures comprising a magnetic
device of magnetic material having an open slot therein open at one
end thereof and closed at the other end thereof, each of said
contact arms being positioned in the slot of the associated
magnetic device in proximity to the open end of the slot of the
associated magnetic device in the closed position of said contacts,
the circuit through said circuit interrupter passing first through
one of said contact arms then through the engaged movable contacts
and then through the other of said contact arms, upon the
occurrence of an overload current above a predetermined value
through said contact arms the magnetic flux generated by said
current operating in said magnetic devices to drive said contact
arms in opposite directions into the slots of the associated
magnetic devices to thereby open said contacts.
13. A circuit interrupter according to claim 12, and an
arc-extinguishing structure supported in said housing in proximity
to said contacts to effect extinction of arcs drawn between said
contacts during opening operations of said circuit interrupter.
14. A circuit interrupter according to claim 13, each of said
contact arms being an elongated contact arm, each of said magnetic
devices comprising a plurality of laminations of generally flat
magnetic plates of magnetic material supported in a face-to-face
relationship with the associated slot extending from one end
thereof to the other end and with the associated elongated contact
arm extending lengthwise in the associated slot.
15. A circuit interrupter according to claim 14, each of said
contact arms being a generally flat contact arm positioned to move
in the associated slot along planes coexistent with the planes of
the flat sides thereof.
16. A circuit interrupter according to claim 15, and a separate
pivot support means for each of said contact arms pivotally
supporting the associated contact arm for a pivotal movement about
a fixed pivot.
17. A circuit interrupter according to claim 16, and a gear means
in proximity to the pivoted ends of said contact arms connecting
said contact arms for simultaneous movement between open and closed
positions.
18. A circuit interrupter according to claim 17, releasable latch
means automatically operable to latch said contact arms in the open
position, and manually operable latch release means operable to
release said latch means whereupon said biasing means automatically
biases said contact arms back to the closed position following
opening operations of said circuit interrupter.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
Circuit interrupters of the type automatically operable to move a
contact arm to an open position upon the occurrence of overload
current conditions.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It is old in the art to provide a circuit interrupter with stored
energy opening means and an electromagnetic trip device operable
upon the occurrence of overload current conditions to release the
stored energy opening means to thereby effect an opening operation
of the circuit interrupter. It is also old in the art to use
electromagnetic forces such as the blow-off forces between a pair
of contacts or an electromagnetic plunger device in order to open
the contacts of a circuit interrupter upon the occurrence of
overload current conditions. In the subject invention, a circuit
interrupter is constructed such that an overload current in an
elongated current carrying contact arm generates electromagnetic
forces that operate in a magnetic device to drive the contact arm
to an open position at high speed to provide current limiting and
to interrupt the overload current.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A magnetic-drive circuit interrupter is provided comprising an
insulating housing and a circuit interrupter structure supported in
the housing. The circuit interrupter structure comprises a
stationary contact, a movable contact cooperable with the
stationary contact, and an elongated generally flat contact arm
carrying the movable contact in proximity to one end thereof. The
contact arm is supported for pivotal movement in proximity to the
other end thereof. An arc-extinguishing structure is supported in
the housing in proximity to the cooperable contacts. The elongated
contact arm, which carries the current through the breaker, is
biased by spring biasing means, into the closed position. A
magnetic device, comprising a plurality of plates of magnetic
material, is provided with a slot open at one end thereof and
closed at the other end thereof. The magnetic device is supported
in the housing over the contact arm. The contact arm, in the closed
position thereof, is disposed in the slot of the magnetic device in
proximity to the open end of the slot. The spring biasing means is
strong enough to maintain the contact arm in the closed position
under normal current conditions. Upon the occurrence of an overload
current above a predetermined value through the contact arm the
magnetic flux, that is generated by the overload current, operates
in the magnetic device to drive the movable contact arm upward in
the slot toward the closed end of the slot to thereby open the
contacts at high speed. The arc formed between the contacts during
opening operations is extinguished in the arc-extinguishing
structure. By using the electromagnetic forces generated by the
overload current itself, the contact arm is opened at such high
speeds upon the occurrence of fault currents that the circuit
interrupter serves as a current limiter as well as a circuit
interrupter. The current-limiting action protects the circuit, and
the apparatus connected therein, from the destructive effects of
the maximum available short-circuit currents. Latch means is
provided for latching the contact arm in the open position, and a
latch release is provided to release the latch means following an
opening operation whereupon the biasing means will return the
contact arm to the closed position.
The invention has particular utility in a combination where the
magnetic-drive circuit interrupter is supported in an end-to-end
series relationship with a standard stored-energy type circuit
interrupter. In this combination the magnetic-drive circuit
interrupter takes the place of current-limiting fuse means utilized
in prior art combinations of the type disclosed in the patent to
Dyer U.S. Pat. No. 3,077,525. An advantage of a magnetic-drive
circuit interrupter over current limiting fuse means is that the
magnetic-drive circuit interrupter can be reset and reused without
requiring replacement of fuses.
In another embodiment of the invention, two elongated contact arms
are provided. The contact arms are biased toward each other into a
closed position. Two magnetic devices of the type previously
described are provided, and the contact arms are connected, by gear
means, for simultaneous movement in opposite directions. The
contact arms are driven in opposite directions toward the open
position upon the occurrence of overload current conditions above a
predetermined value. Since the contact arms are both moving the
contact arms are opened at a higher speed.
In still another embodiment of the invention, the magnetic device
is modified in that the slot therein is generally T-shaped, and a
flexible current carrying conductor is wound about a part of the
magnetic device through the upper arm of the T-shaped slot.
This approach increases the speed of the device by increasing the
rate of rise of the flux in the magnetic device which in turn would
increase the force. The addition of these turns provides that the
magnetic slot motor will open the contacts at a lower level of
fault current.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a top plan view, with parts broken away, of a circuit
interrupting structure constructed in accordance with principles of
this invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken generally along the line II--II of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of one pole unit of the magnetic-drive
circuit interrupter seen in FIG. 2 and taken along the line
III--III of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a side sectional view, with parts broken away,
illustrating another magnetic-drive circuit interrupter constructed
in accordance with the principles of this invention;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view, taken generally along the line V--V of
FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a partial side sectional view, with parts broken away,
illustrating another embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken generally along the line VII--VII
of FIG. 6.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to the drawings, there is shown, in FIGS. 1 and 2, a
three pole circuit interrupting device 5 comprising a stored-energy
type circuit interrupter or circuit breaker 7 and a magnetic-drive
circuit interrupter 9 connected in electrical series with the
circuit interrupter 7 in an end-to-end relationship.
The stored energy circuit interrupter 7 is of the type that is more
specifically described in the patent to Nick Yorgin et al., U.S.
Pat. No. 3,462,716 issued Aug. 19, 1969. Thus, only a brief
description of the circuit interrupter 7 is given herein.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the stored energy circuit interrupter 7
is a three-pole circuit interrupter comprising an insulating
housing 11 and a circuit-interrupter mechanism 13 supported in the
housing 11. The housing 11 comprises a back insulating housing base
15 and a front insulating housing cover 17 cooperating with the
base 15 to enclose the circuit-interrupter mechanism. The housing
11 comprises suitable insulating barrier means separating the
housing into three internal compartments for housing the three-pole
units of the circuit interrupter. The circuit interrupter mechanism
13 comprises an operating mechanism 19, a latch mechanism 2 and a
thermal and magnetic trip device 23.
A stationary contact 25, a movable contact 27 and an
arc-extinguishing structure 29 are provided for each pole unit of
the stored-energy circuit interrupter 7. The stationary contact 25
for each pole unit is fixedly mounted on the inner end of a
conducting strip 31 that extends outward to an external cavity
where a well-known type of solderless terminal connector 33 is
secured to the end of the conductor 31. The movable contact 27, for
each pole unit, is mounted on a contact arm 35 that is mounted on a
switch arm 37 that is fixedly secured to a common insulating tie
bar 39. The switch arms 37 for the three-pole units are secured to
the common tie bar 39, and the tie bar 39 is mounted for pivotal
movement between open and closed positions.
The operating mechanism 19 comprises an inverted generally U-shaped
operating lever 41, an overcenter spring means 43 and a toggle 45.
An insulating handle 47 is connected to the lever 41, with the
handle 47 protruding through a suitable opening in the front of the
housing 11. The lever 41 is mounted for pivotal movement about the
inner ends of the legs thereof. The toggle 45 is pivotally
connected at one end thereof to a trip member 49 and at the other
end thereof to the switch arm 37 of the center pole unit. The
toggle 45 comprises two links pivotally connected together at a
knee pivot 50.
The contacts are manually opened by movement of the handle 47 from
the "on" or closed position to the "off" or open position. This
movement moves the lines of action of the overcenter springs 43 to
cause collapse of the toggle 45 to thereby cause opening movement
of the switch arm 37 in the center pole unit. Since all three
switch arms are connected to the tie bar 39 for simultaneous
movement, this movement simultaneously moves the three switch arms
37 to the open position. The contacts are manually closed by
reverse movement of the handle 47 from the "off" to the "on"
position, which movement moves the line of action of the overcenter
springs 43 to erect the toggle 45 to thereby move the center pole
switch arm 37, and therefore all the switch arms 37, to the closed
position seen in FIG. 2.
The operating mechanism 19 comprises the trip member 49 that is
latched by means of a latch device 21. In each pole unit, the trip
device 23 comprises a bimetal 51, a magnetic yoke 53 and a magnetic
armature 55. Upon the occurrence of an overload above a first
predetermined value, the bimetal 51 is heated and flexes to the
right with a time delay whereupon an adjusting screw 57 engages a
common trip bar 59 to move the trip bar 59 to a releasing position
to release a latch 61 which then releases the trip member 49. In
the latched and closed position seen in FIG. 2, the springs 43 are
in a stored energy charged condition. Thus, upon release of the
trip member 49, the springs 43 operate to move the trip member 49
in a clockwise direction about the pivot 60 to thereby effect
collapse of the toggle 45 and opening movement of the switch arms
37 in a well-known manner. Following a thermal tripping operation,
the circuit breaker is reset and relatched by movement of the
handle 47 to the full "off" position whereupon a part 62 of the
lever 41 engages a shoulder 63 of the trip member 49 to move the
trip member 49 back to the latched position. When the stored energy
circuit interrupter 7 is subjected to an overload above a second
predetermined value higher than the first predetermined value, the
armature 55 is instantaneously attracted to the yoke 53 pivoting
about a pivot 64 in a clockwise direction whereupon an upper
portion of the armature 55 engages the trip bar 59 to move the trip
bar 59 to the tripped position to effect a tripping operation in
the same manner as was hereinbefore described with regard to the
thermal tripping operation.
Referring to FIG. 2, the circuit through each pole unit of the
stored energy circuit interrupter 7 extends from a generally
L-shaped conductor 65 through a flexible conductor 67, the bimetal
51, a flexible conductor 71, the contact arm 35, the movable
contact 27, the stationary contact 25, the conductor 31, to the
solderless terminal connector 33. As can be understood with
reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is in each pole unit a pair of
cavities at the opposite ends of the housing. The conductor 33 is
supported in the cavity on the right and the conductor 65 extends
into the cavity on the left. In each pole unit the conductor 65 is
positioned to be connected to one of the terminals of the
magnetic-drive circuit interrupter 9 in a manner to be hereinafter
more specifically described.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the magnetic-drive circuit interrupter
9 comprises three pole units 77 supported in a side-by-side
relationship to each other and in an end-to-end relationship with
the three pole units of the stored energy type circuit interrupter
7. Since the three pole units are of identical construction, only
one of the pole units will be specifically described herein. The
pole unit comprises an insulating housing 78 comprising an
insulating base 79 and an insulating cover 81 secured to the base
79. A stationary contact 83 is supported on a terminal 85 that
extends out through an opening in the housing 78 and that is
provided with an opening therein for receiving a screw 87 that
secures the terminal conductor 85 to the associated conductor 65 of
the stored energy circuit interrupter 7. A movable contact 91 is
supported on one end of an elongated flat current carrying contact
arm 93 that is supported for movement between open and closed
positions about a pivot pin 95. The contact arm 93 is provided with
a latch extension 97 that cooperates with a latch 99 in a manner to
be hereinafter described. A compression coil spring 101 is
supported between the insulating material of the base 79 and the
latch extension 97 to bias the contact arm 93 in a clockwise
direction to the closed position seen in FIG. 2. The latch 99 is
supported for movement on a pivot pin 105 and biased toward the
latching position seen in FIG. 2 by means of a coil spring 107. An
insulating plunger 111, which extends out through a suitable
opening in the housing 78, is biased to the inoperative position
seen in FIG. 2 by means of a spring 113. A solderless terminal
connector 115 is supported on a conductor 117 that is secured to
the insulating base 78 by means of a screw 119. A flexible
conductor 121 is connected at one end thereof to the conductor 117
and at the other end thereof to the contact arm 93. As can be seen
in FIG. 2, there is an end opening 125 in the housing 78 to receive
a conducting line that would be brought in through the opening 125
to be connected to the solderless terminal connector 115. In the
housing 78 there is a front opening 127 to receive a tool that may
be used to work a screw connector 129 to secure a conducting line
to the solderless terminal connector 115. As can be understood with
reference to FIG. 2, there is insulating material between the
cavity in which the solderless terminal connector 115 is located
and the compartment where the arcs will be drawn during circuit
interruption. A magnetic device 133 is supported on the housing 78
by means of the molded insulating housing and also by means of an
elongated pin 134 that extends through the magnetic device 133 and
is secured in suitable slots in the housing 78. The magnetic device
133 comprises a plurality of laminations of relatively thin
generally U-shaped plates 135 of soft magnetic material, such as
iron, that are secured together in a face-to-face relationship. A
thin insulation coating is provided over the surface area of the
magnetic device 133. As can be understood with reference to FIG. 3,
each of the plates 135 is formed as an inverted generally U-shaped
plate to provide a slot 137 in the magnetic device 133 for
receiving the contact arm 93. As can be understood with reference
to FIGS. 2 and 3, the slot 137 starts at the left with a small
height dimension, which height dimension increases going to the
right so that the slot 137 can receive the pivoted contact arm 93
in the fully open position. As can be understood with reference to
FIGS. 2 and 3, the slot 137 is a relatively narrow slot that is
open at the bottom and closed at the top of the magnetic device
133.
The magnetic-drive circuit interrupter 9 is shown in the closed
position in FIG. 2. In this position, a circuit extends from the
solderless terminal connector 115 through the conductor 117,
flexible conductor 121, elongated current carrying contact arm 93,
movable contact 91, stationary contact 83, conductor 85, to the
associated conductor 65 of the associated pole unit of the stored
energy circuit interrupter 7. As can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, the
contacts 91, 93 are disposed in an arc-extinguishing structure 141.
The arc-extinguishing structure 141 comprises an insulating wrapper
or support 143 and a plurality of flat, generally U-shaped plates
145 of magnetic material. The magnetic plates 145 are supported in
a stacked spaced face-to-face relationship with the slots thereof
aligned so that the one end of the movable contact arm 93 moves
within the slots in moving to the open position.
The magnetic flux generated by the current in the contact arm 137
operates in the magnetic device 133 in a magnetic flux path
indicated by the arrows in FIG. 3. Upon the occurrence of normal
current conditions and overload current conditions, up to a third
predetermined value higher than the second predetermined value, the
spring 101 (FIG. 2) has a force that overcomes the electromagnetic
forces so that the contact arm 93 remains in the closed position.
Upon the occurrence of a heavy overload current above the third
predetermined value higher than said second predetermined value,
the electromagnetic forces are sufficient to overcome the bias of
the spring 101 and rapidly drive the contact arm 93 in a
counterclockwise (FIG. 2) direction about the pivot 95 to an open
position determined by the engagement of the contact arm 93 with a
stop surface 146. The high current conditions under the severe
overload or short circuit, generate large magnetic forces on the
contact arm 93 so that the contact 93 is moved to the open position
at a very high speed, limiting the severe overload or fault current
to a more tolerable value to provide a current limiting action.
During the opening of the contact arm 93, an arc is drawn between
the contacts 91, 83, and the arc is magnetically drawn into the
bight portions of the spaced magnetic plates 145 where it is broken
up into a plurality of serially related arcs to be extinguished in
a well-known manner. During the opening operation of the contact
arm 93, the let-through current is sufficient to start the magnetic
armature 55 of the circuit interrupter 7 in a tripping direction
and the inertia of this moving part causes the armature to continue
in motion after the current is interrupted with the result that the
trip member 59 is unlatched and the contacts of all three pole
units are opened by the tripping of the circuit interrupter 7.
The magnetic force which drives the contact arm at high speed under
fault conditions is powered by the fault current itself. The
driving force on the contact arm results from the interaction of
the current in the contact arm and the self-induced magnetic flux
pattern in the surrounding soft magnetic yoke and across the gap
where the contact arm is located. This force causes the conductor
to be pulled deeper into the slot in the same manner that the
windings of a motor are pulled into their slots during the passage
of a high current. The force which pulls a conductor into a slot is
given approximately by the equation:
F = 14.1 (LI.sup.2 /l) .times. 10.sup.-.sup.8 lbs.
where
L = length of the yoke in ins
I = current in amps
l = slot width in ins.
This equation is for a conductor in an infinitely deep, parallel
sided slot in a mass of infinitely permeable iron. In practice of
course the iron saturates and the above equation is really a
special case of the more general equation:
F = 0.572 BIL .times. 10.sup.-.sup.6 ins.
where B is the flux density in the gap where the conductor is
located, in gauss.
This is the well known equation for the force on a conductor in a
magnetic field. Now if we assume that the yoke saturates at about
18 kilogauss this shows that for a 2 ins long contact arm in a 2
inch long yoke with a 0.16 inch, slot that a force of approximately
200 lbs. can be obtained at 10,000 amps and 400 lbs, at 20,000
amps. Consequently, large forces are available during faults of
this magnitude to drive the contact arms with large accelerations
thereby providing rapid contact separation. It is the rapid contact
separation together with the driving of the arc into the deion
plates that creates the rapid rise of arc voltage which results in
current limitation. The more rapid the initial rate of rise of arc
voltage the better is the resulting current limitation.
When the contact arm 93 reaches the open position, the latch 97,
which cams past the latch 99, is engaged and latched in the open
position by the latch 99. Suitable stop means, such as the surface
146 stops movement of the contact arm 93 in the open position. In
order to reset the circuit interrupter 9, the plunger 111 is
depressed, moving the latch 99 in a clockwise releasing direction
to release the latch 97 whreupon the spring 101 returns the contact
arm 93 to the closed position seen in FIG. 2. The circuit
interrupter 7 is relatched following a tripping operation in the
same manner as was hereinbefore described. As can be understood
with reference to FIG. 3, the flat contact arm 93 moves in the
relatively narrow slot 137 in an endwise direction which is along
the planes of the generally flat sides thereof.
Another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5
wherein parts similar to the parts of the first embodiment are
identified with reference characters that are primed. The circuit
interrupter 9' of FIGS. 4 and 5 would be mounted in a series
relationship with a stored energy type circuit breaker of the type
disclosed in FIG. 2 in a manner similar to that disclosed in FIG. 2
and the flexible conductor 155 would be extended to be connected to
a terminal similar to the terminal 85 of FIG. 2 that would in turn
be connected to the terminal 65 of FIG. 2. An additional flexible
conductor 157 (FIG. 4) would be connected to a solderless terminal
connector similar to the solderless terminal connector 115 of FIG.
2. As can be understood with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, two
elongated current carrying generally flat contact arms 93' are
supported on pivots 95' within the insulating housing 78'. Each of
the contact arms 93' carries a movable contact 91' at the free end
thereof, and springs 101' bias the contact arms 93' in opposite
directions to the closed position seen in FIG. 4 wherein the
contacts 91' are engaged. An arc-extinguishing structure 141',
comprising a plurality of spaced generally U-shaped magnetic plates
145', is supported in proximity to the free ends of the contact
arms 93' and the contact arms move to an open position in the
aligned slots of the magnetic plates 145'. A pair of magnetic
devices 133' are supported in the housing by means of the pins
135', and the contact arms 93' move within the slots 137' of the
respective magnetic devices 133'. Each of the contact arms 93' is
provided with a gear part 161 at the pivoted end thereof, and the
gear parts 161 mesh to provide for simultaneous movement of the
contact arm 93' in opposite directions. The circuit through the
circuit interrupter 9' extends from a solderless terminal connector
similar to the terminal connector 115 of FIG. 2, through the
flexible conductor 157, the upper contact arm 93', the movable
contacts 91', the lower contact arm 93', the flexible conductor 155
to a terminal similar to the terminal 85 of FIG. 2. Upon the
occurrence of current conditions less than the third predetermined
value, the biasing force of the springs 101' is sufficient to
maintain the contact arms 93' in the closed position seen in FIGS.
4 and 5. As can be understood with reference to FIG. 5, the current
through the contact arms 93' generates magnetic flux which operates
in the associated magnetic devices 133' along the flux paths
indicated by the arrows in FIG. 5. Upon the occurrence of a severe
overload above the third predetermined value, the electromagnetic
forces generated by the current in the contact arms 93' overcome
the bias of the springs 101' and move the contact arms 93' in
opposite directions (the upper contact arm 93' moving
counterclockwise and the lower contact arm 93' moving clockwise in
FIG. 4) to the open position at high speed under the large
electromagnetic forces. The gear 161 serves to provide for
simultaneous opening movement of the contact arms 93'. As the
contacts 91' separate, an arc is drawn between the contacts which
is then drawn into the bight portions of the plates 145' where the
arc is broken up into a plurality of serially related arcs which
are extinguished in a wellknown manner. The latch part 97' of the
upper contact arm 93' cooperates with a defeatable latch structure
similar to the latch structure in FIG. 2 so that the contacts will
remain in the open position until defeat of the latch structure by
depression of a plunger similar to the plunger 111 in FIG. 2
whereupon the springs 101' will return the contact arms 93' to the
closed position. As was the case with the circuit interrupter 9
disclosed in the first embodiment, the contact arms 93' move at
high speed to provide current limiting action during the
interruption of the circuit.
A third embodiment of the invention is disclosed in FIGS. 6 and 7.
Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, a circuit interrupter 165 comprises a
housing 167 that comprises an insulating base 169 and an insulating
cover 171 secured to the base 169. A stationary contact 173 is
supported on a conducting terminal 175, and a movable contact 177
is supported at the free end of an elongated flat current carrying
contact arm 179 that is supported for pivotal movement about the
pivot 181. An arc-extinguishing structure 183, similar to that
disclosed at 141 in FIG. 2, is supported in the housing to
interrupt arcs drawn between the separating contacts 177, 173. A
magnetic device 187, comprising a plurality of plates 189 of
magnetic material, is supported in the housing by means of the
molded insulating housing and a supporting pin 191 that is secured
to the housing. As can be understood with reference to FIG. 7, the
plates 189 are slotted so that the magnetic device 187 is formed
with a generally T-shaped slot 193 therein. A flexible conductor
195 extends from the left (FIG. 6) and is formed to provide a
plurality of turns about the upper part of the magnetic device 187
with the conductor extending through the upper portion of the
T-shaped slot 193 in the manner disclosed in FIGS. 6 and 7. The one
end of the conductor 195 is secured to the contact arm 179. The
circuit through the circuit interrupter 165 extends through the
conductor 195 from the left (FIG. 6) through the coil portion of
the conductor 195, the contact arm 179, the contacts 177, 173 to
the conductor 175. Terminals (not shown) are provided at opposite
ends of the circuit interrupter 165 to enable connection of the
circuit interrupter in an electric circuit. The magnetic flux
generated by the current in the conductor 195 and the elongated
contact arm 179 operates in the magnetic device 187 in a path
indicated by the arrows in FIG. 7. Biasing means (not shown) biases
the contact arm 179 to the closed position seen in FIG. 6. Upon the
occurrence of a severe overload above the third predetermined value
through the circuit interrupter 165, the magnetic flux generated by
the current in the conductor 195 and contact arm 179 overcomes the
biasing force of the biasing means whereupon the electromagnetic
forces drive the contact arm 179 upward in the slot 193 to the open
position, with the contact arm 179 moving counterclockwise (FIG.
6). The contact arm 179 is driven to the open position at high
speed to limit the current during circuit interruption. The arc
drawn between the contacts 173, 177 is drawn into the magnetic
plates 184 of the arc-extinguishing structure 183 to be broken up
into a plurality of serially related arcs and extinguished in a
well known manner.
* * * * *