U.S. patent number 3,814,970 [Application Number 05/350,711] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-04 for gas discharge display panels.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Thomson-CSF. Invention is credited to Jean Philippe Reboul.
United States Patent |
3,814,970 |
Reboul |
June 4, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
GAS DISCHARGE DISPLAY PANELS
Abstract
Gas discharge display panels presenting improved electrical
characteristics due to the presence, upon the surfaces in contact
with the gas being ionised, of a metal oxide whose electronic
configuration incorporates an unsaturated f electron-shell for
example thorium oxide or gadolinium oxide.
Inventors: |
Reboul; Jean Philippe (Paris,
FR) |
Assignee: |
Thomson-CSF (Paris,
FR)
|
Family
ID: |
9097166 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/350,711 |
Filed: |
April 13, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Apr 19, 1972 [FR] |
|
|
72.13828 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
313/587 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01J
11/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01J
17/49 (20060101); H01j 061/30 () |
Field of
Search: |
;313/220,221 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Saalbach; Herman Karl
Assistant Examiner: Hostetter; Darwin R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Plottel; Roland
Claims
What is claimed, is:
1. A gas discharge display panel comprising two insulating slabs
which are sealed along their peripheries, in order to form a sealed
enclosure between their opposing faces, said enclosure being filled
with ionisable gas, and two crossed networks of orthogonal
electrodes arranged onto the opposing faces of said slabs, said
opposing faces being covered with a layer of material containing an
oxide of a metal of the lanthanide or actinide families.
2. A display panel as claimed in claim 1, wherein said film is a
film of thorium oxide or gadolinium oxide.
3. A display panel as claimed in claim 2, wherein said oxide film
is a thin film deposited upon a film of a dielectric material such
as an enamel, itself deposited upon said opposite faces of said
slabs.
4. A display panel as claimed in claim 1, wherein said film is a
film of a dielectric material comprising a small quantity of
thorium oxide or gadolinium oxide.
Description
The present invention relates to improvements in gas-discharge
display panels and relates more particularly to an improvement in
the structure of panels of this kind, by which it is possible to
improve the electrical performance and the stability of operation
over a period of time.
The improvement in accordance with the invention applies more
particularly to panels the technology of which is somewhat
specialised and has been described by the present applicants in
several of their patents, for example in U.S. Pat. No.
3,706,899.
These panels comprise two slabs, of glass for example, which are
relatively thick and therefore rigid, between which there is
enclosed the assembly of display cells that is to say the cells of
ionisable gas, and the control electrodes.
In a simple embodiment of these panels, which we will describe more
explicitly in the course of the invention itself, the control
electrodes constituted by two networks of intercrossing conductive
bands, are directly deposited upon the mutually opposite faces of
the two slabs and covered with a film of transparent dielectric
material, for example a vitrified mineral enamel. The assembly is
closed off by a sealing ring, bonded between the two slabs and
around their peripheries, this ring delimiting the sealed enclosure
into which the ionisable gas is introduced. The gas cells can be
physically delimited in relation to one another; in this case, an
insulating matrix which is pierced by a rectangular network of
holes is inserted into the enclosure between the two slabs; and the
holes are of course opposite the points of intercrossing between
the electrodes of the two crossed networks. In other embodiments,
there is no matrix and the display cells are not physically
defined; they are delimited, on application of a voltage to the
control electrodes, by the electric field configuration which
results.
Such panels present two main drawbacks due to the nature of the
dielectric material film which covers the electrodes and is in
contact with the gas to be ionised.
In other words, this dielectric material in order to have adequate
melting properties and therefore be able to be deposited during the
manufacture of the panel, is generally made of an enamel containing
a large proportion of lead oxide, sometimes cadmium or again zinc.
Moreover, in order to be capable of vitrification it contains
silica and several of the constituents of glass (alumina, boric
anhydride).
This composition means that it has quite a high work function. The
striking voltage for providing the gas discharge in the display
cells, is consequently high too, this voltage varying in the same
sense as the work function of the material at the surface of the
dielectric film. The result is that the control voltages applied to
the electrodes must themselves be quite high and this is a first
drawback of these panels.
Moreover, the stability of the oxides utilised as flux in the
enamel, particularly lead oxide, is not very good. These oxides
tend to dissociate under the effect of ion bombardment produced by
the discharge, and this is translated into terms of a variation of
the striking voltages of the discharge during operation. Thus,
after some hundreds of hours of operation, these voltages may vary
by around 10 percent thus making it a difficult if not impossible
matter to achieve proper electrical control of the panel.
The object of the invention is to provide display panels contructed
in accordance with this technology and utilising deposits upon
thick external slabs, but which do not, or at any rate not to any
major extent, exhibit these drawbacks.
A gas-discharge display panel in accordance with the invention
comprises two insulating slabs which are sealed along their
peripheries, in order to form a sealed enclosure between their
opposing faces, said enclosure being filed with an ionisable gas,
and two crossed networks of orthogonal electrodes arranged onto the
opposing faces of said slabs, said opposing faces being covered
with a layer of material containing an oxide of a metal of the
lanthanide or actinide families.
This film, having an electronic configuration presenting an
unsaturated f electron-shell has a work function which is
relatively lower than that of an enamel and a presents higher
stability in the face of ion bombardment; it may either be
deposited upon the enamel covering the network of electrodes or
deposited directly upon the electrode networks themselves.
Other features and results of the invention will become apparent
from the following description, illustrated by the attached figures
in which.
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an improved display panel
in accordance with the invention, without a matrix;
FIG. 2 is a view identical to that of FIG. 1, of a panel with a
matrix.
FIG. 1 illustrates, in section, part of a panel in accordance with
the invention, without a matrix; FIG. 2 is equivalent view of a
panel in accordance with the invention, with a matrix. In these two
figures, similar references indicate similar elements.
As already mentioned, these panels comprise two thick slabs 1 and 2
of an insulating material, at least one of which is transparent
(that through which the displayed data are observed). The two slabs
are generally made of glass.
On each of these slabs there is deposited a network of parallel
conductors 3 and 4 constituting control electrodes. These
conductors are deposited in a conventional manner in order to form
two crossed networks; the control voltages are applied to their
exposed portions outside the enclosure containing the gas which
constitutes the display surface proper.
In a preferred embodiment, that shown in the two Figures, the slabs
and the electrodes are covered with a dielectric film 5, 6 formed
by a film of vitrified enamel in accordance with the prior art
technology.
On these dielectric films 5 and 6 there are respectively deposited
thin films 7 and 8 of a metal oxide, the electronic configuration
of which comprises an unsaturated f electron-shell, that is to say
a metal belonging to the lanthanide or actinide. Amongst these
oxides, advantageously gadolinium oxide or thorium oxide will be
chosen, these having very good thermal stability and having work
functions in the order of 2 to 3 electron-volts that is to say much
lower than the work functions of the enamel which is between 4 and
5 electron-volts.
A sealing ring 9 hermetically seals the two slabs at their
periphery and thus closes off the enclosure 10 which is filled with
an ionisable gas. The seal is produced by means of an enamel, a
cement, or any other suitable material. The ionisable gas will for
example be introduced into the enclosure 10, after sealing, through
a hole (not shown) formed in one of the slabs and communicating
with a pip (not shown) which enables pumping to be carried out,
filling with gas and then sealing.
In the example shown in FIG. 1, the panel has no matrix; the
ionisation of the gas is limited substantially to a small cylinder
(as indicated at 11 and 12 for two cells in FIG. 1), by the
configuration of the electric fields created by the control
voltages applied to the electrodes.
In the example of FIG. 2, the matrix 13 of insulating material,
containing a rectangular network of cylindrical holes 14, defines
said cells.
It should be noted that the metal oxide constituted in films 7 and
8 (thorium oxide will be referred to in the following although the
invention is in no way limited to this oxide alone, as mentioned
hereinbefore) is deposited solely upon the display surface proprer
where the gas discharges are produced; the presence of this oxide
on the part serving to bond the two slabs together, could introduce
unwanted mechanical stresses.
Thorium oxide is deposited for example by the conventional process
of vaporisation under vacuum, using electron bombardment. The film
thickness should be sufficient to resist ion bombardment throughout
the service life of the panel. It is therefore made more than a few
hundred A units in thickness.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the thorium oxide film can, of
course, be deposited solely on the surfaces corresponding to the
discharge zones, that is to say at the locations corresponding to
the holes 14 in the matrix.
In one possible variant embodiment, the thorium oxide film is
deposited directly upon the slabs and itself covers the network of
electrodes. Thus it replaces the enamel films 5 and 6. The drawback
of this embodiment, is that the thorium oxide film then has to be
thicker and since its deposition by vaporisation takes longer, the
solution is a more expensive one than the others mentioned before.
However, it is one which can be considered.
Although one possible method of depositing thorium, as mentioned
before, is vaporisation under vacuum by electron bombardment, a
conventional method of depositing thin transparent films of high
uniformity and high quality, other methods are possible such for
example as cathode-sputtering.
Yet another method can be used to obtain the thorium oxide films at
7 and 8; however, compared with the aforesaid methods it has the
drawback that the thorium oxide is no longer deposited solely upon
the surfaces which are in contact with the gas being ionised, and
this to some extent reduces the advantages of the invention.
However, this solution is still preferable to the prior art ones.
It consists in mixing with the enamel constituting the films 5 and
6, a small quantity of thorium oxide, either by mixing thorium
oxide powder with the enamel powder, prior to the melting of the
enamel, or by introducing a small quantity of thorium oxide into
the composition of the glass forming the enamel.
It should also be noted that the thorium oxide films can, without
any drawback, contain quite a high proportion of metallic thorium
or one of the other known refractory oxides.
It goes without saying that everything that has been said with
regard to thorium oxide, applies to the other oxides mentioned, and
in particular to gadolinium oxide.
The significance of the invention will be better understood from a
consideration of an example of the characteristics obtained in true
panels filled with one and the same gas mixture and having
identical structures with the exception of the fact that the second
panel has a thorium oxide film 2,500 A units in thickness,
deposited upon each slab on top of an enamel film 25 microns in
thickness, whilst the first panel simply has said enamel film
alone.
The mean voltages required to maintain discharges are as
follows:
1st panel : 180 V peak
2nd panel : 120 V peak
The variations in maintaining voltage for 1000 hours of operation
are as follows:
1st panel : 24 V
2nd panel : 9 V
The other characteristics are very similar in both panels.
* * * * *