U.S. patent number 3,814,548 [Application Number 05/169,292] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-04 for diaphragm pump apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Warren Rupp Company. Invention is credited to Warren E. Rupp.
United States Patent |
3,814,548 |
Rupp |
June 4, 1974 |
DIAPHRAGM PUMP APPARATUS
Abstract
Pump apparatus having a reciprocable diaphragm for delivering a
highly accurate amount of pumped fluid per diaphragm pumping
stroke. The amount of fluid pumped over a time interval may be
accurately varied by adjusting the frequency or duration of the
diaphragm stroke, or by adjusting the length of the stroke or by
both measures. The diaphragm of the apparatus is moved in its
pumping stroke by air applied to the rear side of the diaphragm, or
the side opposite the front side contacted by the pumped fluid. Air
pressure is always maintained on the rear side of the diaphragm to
insure that the unsupported portion of the diaphragm between its
outer supported edge portion and its central supported portion is
at all times bowed toward the front side of the diaphragm; this
prevents random positioning of this portion of the diaphragm in
concave and convex positions during its stroking, and substantially
increases the accuracy of the amount of fluid pumped per stroke.
The apparatus includes means for varying the length of the stroke
from outside of the apparatus. Also disclosed are solenoid actuated
valve means for controlling the supply of air to move the diaphragm
in its pumping stroke and timer means for controlling the solenoid
so that the frequency or duration of the pumping stroke of the
diaphragm can be varied as desired.
Inventors: |
Rupp; Warren E. (Mansfield,
OH) |
Assignee: |
The Warren Rupp Company
(Mansfield, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
22615050 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/169,292 |
Filed: |
August 5, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
417/395;
417/470 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F04B
43/073 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F04B
43/06 (20060101); F04B 43/073 (20060101); F04b
043/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;417/395,398,402,63,326,470,471 ;92/13.8,98R,98D,99,100
;91/443,446,357 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Freeh; William L.
Assistant Examiner: Smith; Leonard
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Bosworth, Sessions & McCoy
Claims
I claim:
1. Diaphragm pump apparatus comprising a first chamber; a second
chamber into which fluid to be pumped is drawn and from which it is
discharged; a flexible diaphragm separating said chambers in fluid
tight relation; means for moving said diaphragm in a pumping stroke
towards said second chamber; and means for moving said diaphragm in
a suction stroke in a direction opposite to said pumping stroke,
said means comprising a third chamber, a cylinder communicating
with said third chamber, a piston in said cylinder and connected to
said diaphragm so said piston can move in said cylinder to move
said diaphragm on its suction stroke, the volume of said third
chamber being substantially larger than the volume of said cylinder
to provide a springing effect, and means for maintaining gas at a
superatmospheric pressure in said third chamber, whereby when the
force on said diaphragm due to fluid pressure in said first chamber
is lower than the force on said piston due to fluid pressure in
said third chamber said piston will retract said diaphragm.
2. Diaphragm pump apparatus comprising a first chamber; a second
chamber into which fluid to be pumped is drawn and from which it is
discharged; a flexible diaphragm separating said chambers in
fluid-tight relation and having an unsupported portion extending
around said diaphragm; means for reciprocating said diaphragm so
that it moves in a pumping stroke toward said second chamber and in
a suction stroke toward said first chamber, said reciprocating
means including means for supplying fluid under pressure into said
first chamber to exert force directly on said diaphragm to move
said diaphragm in its pumping stroke toward said second chamber and
fluid operated means for moving said diaphragm in its suction
stroke toward said first chamber and comprising a third chamber, a
cylinder communicating with said third chamber, a piston in said
cylinder and connected to said diaphragm so said piston can move in
said cylinder to move said diaphragm in its suction stroke, the
volume of said third chamber being substantially larger than the
volume of said cylinder to provide a springing effect, and means
for supplying gas at a superatmospheric pressure in said third
chamber, whereby when the force on said diaphragm due to fluid
pressure in said first chamber is lower than the force on said
piston due to gas pressure in said third chamber said piston will
move said diaphragm in its suction stroke; and means for
maintaining at all times in said first chamber fluid at a
superatmospheric pressure greater than the pressure of fluid in
said second chamber and sufficient to keep said unsupported portion
of said diaphragm at all times bowed towards said second
chamber.
3. Diaphragm pump apparatus comprising a first chamber a second
chamber into which fluid to be pumped is drawn and from which it is
discharged; a flexible diaphragm separating said chambers in fluid
tight relation; means for moving said diaphragm in a pumping stroke
towards said second chamber; and means for moving said diaphragm in
a suction stroke in a direction opposite to said pumping stroke,
said means comprising a third chamber, a cylinder communicating
with said third chamber, a piston in said cylinder and connected to
said diaphragm so said piston can move in said cylinder to move
said diaphragm on its suction stroke, the volume of said third
chamber being substantially larger than the volume of said cylinder
to provide a springing effect, and means for supplying gas at a
superatmospheric pressure in said third chamber, whereby when the
force on said diaphragm due to fluid pressure in said first chamber
is lower than the force on said piston due to fluid pressure in
said third chamber said piston will retract said diaphragm.
4. Diaphragm apparatus comprising a first chamber; a second
chamber; a flexible diaphragm separating said first chamber from
said second chamber and having an unsupported portion extending
around said diaphragm; means for reciprocating said diaphragm so
that in a forward stroke it moves toward said first chamber and on
a reverse stroke it moves toward said second chamber, said
reciprocating means including means for supplying fluid under
pressure into said first chamber to exert force directly on said
diaphragm to move said diaphragm in its reverse stroke toward said
second chamber, said reciprocating means also including means
operable by fluid pressure for moving said diaphragm in its forward
stroke towards said first chamber, said means comprising a third
chamber, a cylinder communicating with third chamber, a piston in
said cylinder and connected to said diaphragm so said piston can
move in said cylinder to move said diaphragm on its forward stroke,
the volume of said third chamber being substantially larger than
the volume of said cylinder to provide a springing effect, and
means for maintaining gas at a superatmospheric pressure in said
third chamber, whereby when the force on said diaphragm due to
fluid pressure in said first chamber is lower than the force on
said piston due to gas pressure in said third chamber, said piston
will move said diaphragm in its forward stroke; and means for
maintaining at all times in said first chamber fluid at a pressure
greater than the fluid pressure in said second chamber and
sufficient to bow said unsupported portion of said diaphragm at all
times toward said second chamber.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 comprising means for adjusting the
length of stroke of said diaphragm externally of said third
chamber.
6. Diaphragm pump apparatus comprising a first chamber; a second
chamber into which fluid to be pumped is drawn and from which it is
discharged; a flexible diaphragm separating said chambers in
fluid-tight relation and having a flexible unsupported portion
extending around said diaphragm; means for reciprocating said
diaphragm so that it moves in a pumping stroke toward said second
chamber and in a suction stroke toward said first chamber, said
reciprocating means including means for supplying fluid under
superatmospheric pressure into said first chamber to exert force
directly on said diaphragm to move said diaphragm in a pumping
stroke toward said second chamber and means for moving said
diaphragm in a suction stroke towards said first chamber; and means
for maintaining at all times in said first chamber said fluid at a
superatmospheric pressure greater than the pressure of fluid in
said second chamber and sufficient to keep said unsupported portion
of said diaphragm at all times bowed towards said second chamber
including during its pumping and suction strokes; said means for
moving said diaphragm toward said first chamber exerting sufficient
force to overcome the force exerted on the diaphragm by the
superatmospheric pressure of fluid in said first chamber that keeps
the unsupported portion of the diaphragm bowed toward the second
chamber while permitting said unsupported portion of said diaphragm
to be at all times bowed toward said second chamber.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 in which said reciprocating means
includes piston-cylinder means operable by fluid under pressure
applied to said piston to move said diaphragm in said suction
stroke.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 in which said diaphragm is clamped at
its outer edge and is connected at its central portion to means
included in said reciprocating means for moving said diaphragm in
said suction stroke, and has said unsupported portion between said
outer edge and said connected means, and in which said unsupported
portion is at all times bowed toward said second chamber by said
fluid under superatmospheric pressure in said first chamber.
9. The apparatus of claim 6 in which said means for moving said
diaphragm on its suction stroke comprises fluid operated means.
10. The apparatus of claim 6 in which said means for moving said
diaphragm in its suction stroke is mechanical means.
11. The apparatus of claim 6 comprising means for adjusting the
length of the stroke of said diaphragm from outside of said
apparatus.
12. The apparatus of claim 6 in which said means for introducing
fluid into said first chamber comprises a fluid valve for
controlling the supply of fluid to said first chamber, a solenoid
for controlling said valve, and presettable timer means for
controlling the energizing of said solenoid to provide a
predetermined duration of stroke of said diaphragm.
13. The apparatus of claim 6 comprising fluid valve means for
controlling the supply of fluid to said first chamber, and
adjustable timer means for controlling the operation of said valve
means to provide a predetermined time interval during which a
suction stroke and a pumping stroke occur.
14. The pump apparatus of claim 10 in which said mechanical means
is spring means operating between a support connected to said
diaphragm and a support connected to one of said chambers to move
said diaphragm on its suction stroke.
15. The apparatus of claim 10 in which said mechanical means is
enclosed in said first chamber into which fluid is supplied to move
said diaphragm on its pumping stroke.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to diaphragm pump apparatus, and more
particularly to fluid actuated diaphragm pump apparatus.
While features of the invention may be used in various types of
diaphragm pumps, the invention provides particular advantages in,
and will be discussed in connection with, air actuated metering
diaphragm pump apparatus having a reciprocating diaphragm for
pumping liquids, solutions, viscous materials, and slurries or
suspensions containing substantial amounts of solids (the word
"liquid" as used herein is intended to include all such material).
In pumps embodying the invention the pump accurately delivers a
predetermined quantity of liquid per stroke, and the amount of
liquid discharged over a period of time or per stroke may be
accurately varied.
Metering pumps heretofore used embody a reciprocating piston or
diaphragm that is mechanically reciprocated by a crank or a gear
train from a suitable power source such as electric motor. The rate
of flow or quantity of liquid pumped over a period of time is often
varied by changing the effective length of the stroke of the
diaphragm or piston. In such an arrangement there is a serious
disadvantage because the accuracy of a given size pump can decrease
at low flow rates when the displacement of the pump per stroke is
small, since any variation in discharge due to check valve closure
or leakage during a stroke can be large in proportion to the
displacement of the pump during that stroke.
On the other hand if in such a mechanically reciprocated pump it is
attempted to increase the accuracy of metering when the length of
stroke is reduced by using a piston or diaphragm of large diameter,
then very high mechanical forces are required to move the piston or
diaphragm. This increases possibilities of breakage and maintenance
problems, and increases the initial cost of pumps and driving
means.
Piston pumps usually cannot be used to pump viscous liquids or
slurries or suspensions because of clogging or because of abrasion
of the piston or cylinder walls by the liquid or its components. It
is desirable therefore to use diaphragm pumps for pumping such
liquids.
However, heretofore when it was attempted to use diaphragm pumps as
metering pumps, inaccuracies in the amount of liquid delivered per
stroke often occurring because of variations in the positions of
the unsupported annular portion of the diaphragm between the outer
clamped edge of the diaphragm and the central supporting means
attached to the diaphragm. In prior diaphragm pumps such
unsupported annular portion of the diaphragm usually moves between
concave and convex positions in a random and unpredictable manner
as the pump moves during its suction and pumping strokes, so that
the volume of liquid discharged from the pump varies
unpredictably.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A general object of the present invention is to provide improved
diaphragm pump apparatus overcoming all or as many as desired of
the above indicated shortcomings. Another object of the invention
is to provide fluid-actuated diaphragm metering pump apparatus that
will accurately discharge predetermined amounts of liquid per
stroke. A further object is the provision of fluid-actuated
diaphragm metering pump apparatus in which the predetermined amount
of liquid to be discharged from the pump apparatus may be
accurately varied by varying the frequency or duration of the
stroke of the pump apparatus, or by varying the length of the
stroke, or by both expedients.
These and other objects of the invention are attained by providing
diaphragm pump apparatus in which the diaphragm is moved on its
pumping stroke by fluid, preferably applied in a power fluid
chamber at the rear side of the diaphragm opposite the side in
contact with the fluid being pumped in the pumping chamber, and in
which the diaphragm may be retracted on a suction stroke either by
fluid or by mechanical means. The diaphragm may be of relatively
large diameter to provide a large displacement per stroke, because
the diaphragm is moved by fluid which avoids the necessity of using
large mechanical forces to move the diaphragm. Moreover, according
to the invention, substantial fluid pressure is at all times
maintained on the rear side of the diaphragm so as to keep the
unsupported annular portion of the diaphragm between the outer
clamping edge and the central supported area bowed or distended at
all times toward the pumping chamber containing the liquid to be
pumpsed, so that during each stroke, for a given position of the
diaphragm during the stroke the diaphragm has the same shape,
thereby insuring that the volume of the pumping chamber does not
vary from stroke to stroke and thus providing a highly accurate
quantity of liquid discharged per stroke of the pump. Furthermore,
pumps embodying the invention may be designed to have a relatively
long stroke relative to the effective pumping diaphragm diameter so
that inaccuracies of fluid discharge due to check valve variations
are minimized. For these reasons, pumps embodying the invention may
be made so that the amount of liquid drawn into the pumping chamber
on the suction stroke and expelled on the pumping stroke is at all
times very accurate for a given length of stroke.
According to another feature of the invention, the fluid that is
used as the power fluid such as air, may be controlled by a
solenoid valve to cause the power fluid to enter and be exhausted
from the power fluid chamber, which solenoid valve may be
controlled by an adjustable timer that appropriately energizes and
deenergizes the solenoid valve. By suitably adjusting the timer, it
is possible to control the number of strokes or cycles per unit of
time, or the duration of a stroke, so that the amount of liquid
pumped by the pump per unit of time can be varied as required by
utilizing a fixed length of pumping stroke and a variable rate of
pumping to accomplish the desired accurately metered discharge of
pumped fluid.
If desired, according to the invention the length of the stroke of
the diaphragm may be readily varied as desired from outside of the
pump. Moreover, both the frequency or duration of stroke, and
length of stroke, may be varied to provide discharge of a desired
quantity of pumped fluid per unit of time.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
These and other features and advantages of the invention will
become apparent from the following description of two embodiments
of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings in
which:
FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation through an air actuated diaphragm
pump apparatus embodying the invention, the means for supplying and
controlling the air being shown diagrammatically;
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional elevation of another embodiment;
and
FIG. 3 is a cross section along line 3--3 of FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The pump apparatus 1 of FIG. 1 of the drawings comprises a housing
2 circular in cross section about an axis A and having a transverse
wall 3 and an outwardly diverging axially extending skirt portion 4
terminating in a radial flange 5. A flexible diaphragm 6 of
suitable known material is clamped at its outer edge between flange
5 and a flange 7 of a housing portion 8 by bolts 9 and nuts 10, to
form fluid-tight joints between the diaphragm and the housing
flanges. Diaphragm 6 is also clamped at its central portion between
circular plates 12 and 13 by a bolt threaded into the end of an
actuating rod 14. Rod 14 slidably but fluid tightly extends through
wall 3 with its axis coincident with axis A, by passing through
bushing 15 having a fluid-tight sealing ring 16.
The end of housing portion 2 opposite that carrying flange 5
supports a member 17. Member 17 has a flange 18 that is
fluid-tightly fixed by studs 19 and nuts 20 to housing portion 2,
and an outwardly and axially extending hollow tubular portion 21
having elongated viewing openings 22. Portion 21 is sufficiently
long to receive the unconnected end portion of rod 14 through the
maximum stroke of the pump apparatus. A bolt 23 is threaded through
the outer end of member 17; it has an external head 24 for turning
it and a nut 25 to lock it in an adjusted position. Bolt 23
therefore can be moved to and locked so its inner end 26 is in any
of a wide range of positions along axis A and so contact of bolt
end 26 with end 27 of rod 14 will adjustably limit the length of
the stroke of the shaft and hence of diaphragm 6. If desired, a
protective transparent cover 28 of plastic or glass may surround
portion 21 of member 17, to permit the positions of the ends of
bolt 23 and rod 14 to be viewed through cover 28 and openings 22 of
portion 21. Indicia or gradations 29 may be provided on cover 28 or
portion 21 to aid in adjusting the position of bolt end 26 and
hence the length of the diaphragm stroke.
Member 17 also rigidly secures a cylinder 30 within housing portion
2. A piston 31, rigidly and fluid-tightly secured to rod 14, is
slidable within the cylinder. Preferably the piston has a sealing
ring 32 to provide a fluid-tight slidable seal to the cylinder.
Opening 34 in member 17 permits air to pass freely into and out of
the space on the blind side of the piston.
Housing portion 2 includes a power fluid chamber 35 between the
diaphragm 6 and wall 3, into which air under pressure as the power
fluid is supplied through opening 36 to press against the rear side
of the diaphragm and move it in its pumping stroke, and from which
air passes through opening 36 on the suction stroke of the
diaphragm. The chamber is fluid-tight except for opening 36, and
has a volume that varies depending on the position of the diaphragm
which in turn depends on the position of piston 31 in cylinder 30.
When the piston and diaphragm are in the positions shown in FIG. 1
the volume of chamber 35 is largest, and when they are in their
uppermost positions the volume of the chamber is smallest.
Housing portion 2 also has on the other side of wall 3 another
chamber 37 of variable volume, containing pressurized air as a
power fluid, supplied as needed through opening 38, which moves
piston 31 into cylinder 30 and thus moves the diaphragm on its
suction stroke.
A pumping chamber 40 is defined by the housing portion 8 and the
other or front side of diaphragm 6. This pumping chamber has an
inlet conduit 41 and a conventional ball type check valve 42 that
permits entrance of the liquid to be pumped while preventing
discharge of liquid; the pumping chamber also has an outlet conduit
43 through which liquid from the pumping chamber is discharged
through conventional ball type check valve 44 that prevents
entrance of air or any other fluid through conduit 43 into the
pumping chamber.
Pumping chamber 40 also includes spaced inwardly projecting stops
45 against which bear the plate 13 on rod 14, to limit movement of
the diaphragm on its pumping stroke. The wall of the housing 8 is
also shaped to provide a smooth bowl-shaped surface 46 against
which the diaphragm 6 can bear at the end of its pumping stroke, as
shown in FIG. 1.
Air at suitable pressure is supplied to the apparatus from a
suitable source 47. Source 47 is connected by conduit 48 to opening
38 of chamber 37; conduit 48 preferably includes a known adjustable
pressure regulator 49 permitting presetting to, and maintenance of,
a predetermined pressure of air in chamber 37.
Another conduit 50 connects air source 47 through a known
adjustable pressure regulator 51 to an air supply port 52 opening
into the one end of the interior 53 of a known three-way valve 54;
interior 53 has a port 55 axially spaced away from port 52 and
connected to an exhaust conduit 56 having a conventional adjustable
pressure-maintaining valve 57 through which air can discharge to
the atmosphere. A third port 58 opens into the valve interior 53
between the other ports, and through conduit 59 communicates with
opening 36 into chamber 35. Valve 54 has an internal closure member
61, shown as a piston, biased by a compression spring 62 toward a
position shown by broken lines 61' where it closes supply port 52
while leaving open ports 55 and 58.
A solenoid 63 of known construction is adapted, when energized by
electrical power supplied by lines 64, 65 and controlled by timer
66, to move the piston 61 in valve 54 to a position indicated by
the full lines in valve interior 53 where it closes off air exhaust
port 55, opens supply port 52 and leaves open port 58.
Timer 66, which is of a commercially available automatic recycling
type, is adapted to be set by dials 67, 68 to control independently
and infinitely vary the duration of the diaphragm suction stroke
and the pumping stroke, and hence to control and infinitely vary
the frequency of the cycles each consisting of a suction and a
pumping stroke; and is also adapted to be set to control the number
of cycles or otherwise control the duration of the time during
which the pump is on, that is the time during which the diaphragm
is reciprocating.
The pressure regulator 49 between air supply source 47 and chamber
37 maintains a predetermined air pressure in chamber 37, and
pressure regulator 51 in the conduit between the air supply source
and the valve 54 maintains the air pressure supplied to power fluid
chamber 35 at a predetermined level which may be adjusted as
required to pump the type of liquid being pumped.
Adjustable valve 57, a pressure maintaining valve of known type,
maintains a residual air pressure in conduits 56 and 59 and hence
in power fluid chamber 35, when the valve 54 closes off air supply
port 52 and connects chamber 35 through conduits 56 and 59 to valve
57 during the suction stroke of the apparatus.
Operation of the apparatus of FIG. 1 is as follows, assuming the
conditions to be as in FIG. 1, in that timer 66 has been set to
cause the apparatus to operate and the solenoid 63 has been
energized to move closure member 61 against the force of spring 62
to the position shown in full lines in FIG. 1, so that air under
the predetermined pressure, for example, 100 pounds per square inch
gauge, is supplied to power fluid chamber 35 through conduit 50,
pressure regulator 51, valve 54, and conduit 59, and so that the
diaphragm 6 is at the end of a pumping stroke.
Timer 66 then causes the solenoid to be de-energized, permitting
compression spring 62 to move valve closure member 61 to its other
position shown in broken lines 61' in FIG. 1, which cuts off the
air supply to chamber 35 and connects the chamber to the exhaust
conduit 56 and pressure retaining valve 57, so that a predetermined
residual air pressure, such as for example 15 pounds per square
inch gauge, is maintained in chamber 35 throughout the suction
stroke and until the following pumping stroke of the diaphragm.
Meanwhile, release of the higher pressure air in the chamber 35
permits the air under superatmospheric pressure in chamber 37 on
the superatmospheric pressure side of piston 31 to force the piston
upwardly into cylinder 30 to cause diaphragm 6 to move upwardly in
its suction stroke, such movement being limited by contact of end
27 of rod 14 with end 26 of stop screw 23. Air in the space above
the piston, of course, passes freely out through opening 34. During
the suction stroke, liquid to be pumped is drawn from a suitable
source through conduit 41 and check valve 42 into the pumping
chamber 40, where it is retained by such check valve.
After completion of the suction stroke, the solenoid is then
energized by the timer to move member 61 of valve 54 to the
position shown in full lines in FIG. 1, which connects the air
source 47 through pressure regulator 51 and valve 54 to chamber 35,
supplying pressurized air that causes the diaphragm 6 to move in
its pumping stroke against the force of air pressure in chamber 37
and the resistance of liquid discharged from pumping chamber 40,
until the diaphragm is halted when its clamping plate 13 bears
against stops 45. Fluid in pumping chamber 40 is therefore forced
by the diaphragm outwardly through conduit 43 past check valve 44.
The cycle is repeated as often as desired and with the desired
duration of the strokes determined by presetting the timer.
As the diaphragm 6 and piston 31 are moved downwardly by air in
power fluid chamber 35, the volume of chamber 37 decreases and the
air pressure in chamber 37 correspondingly increases, while air is
drawn through openings 22, 34 to fill the enlarged space in
cylinder 30 on the atmospheric pressure side of piston 31.
The displacement volume of cylinder 30 resulting from the stroke
length and cross sectional area of piston 31 are considerably
smaller than the volume on the superatmospheric pressure side of
the piston which in the illustrated embodiment is the volume of
chamber 37. The relationship of these volumes, and the relationship
of the forces provided by the air pressure on the superatmospheric
pressure side of piston 31 and the residual air pressure on the
rear side of diaphragm 6 in power fluid chamber 35, permits the
force on piston 31 to move the diaphragm 6 in its suction stroke
against the forces provided by the residual air pressure in chamber
35 and by resistance to flowing fluid sucked into pumping chamber
40. The substantial differences in the displacement volume of
cylinder 30 and the volume of air in the superatmospheric side of
piston 31 also provide an air spring action on the pumping and
suction strokes.
The pressure of the air in power fluid chamber 35 on the pumping
and suction strokes can be adjusted as required by pressure
regulator 51 and valve 57, while the pressure of air in chamber 37
that moves the diaphragm on the suction stroke and aids in
providing the air spring action can be adjusted as required by
pressure regulator 49. For example, the air spring action is
adjustable by adjustment of pressure regulator 49 to provide for a
gentle suction stroke, while pressure regulator 51 can be adjusted
to provide for a gentle pumping or discharge stroke.
At all times, therefore, chamber 35 contains air under a pressure
greater than the pressure of air or liquid in the chamber 40, so
this pressure differential causes the unsupported annular portion
69 of the diaphragm between the outer edges of plates 12, 13 and
the inner edges of flanges 5 and 7 of housing portions 2 and 8 to
bow or bulge inwardly toward the pumping chamber at all times, as
shown by the broken lines 69' in FIG. 1.
This constantly maintained bulging or bowing of this portion of the
diaphragm toward the pumping chamber greatly increases the accuracy
of the volume of liquid drawn into the pumping chamber and
discharged from it on each stroke of the pump apparatus for a given
length of stroke, so that the volumes of liquid discharged on
successive strokes of the pump are essentially identical.
Consequently, this makes possible the use of this diaphragm pump as
a highly accurate metering pump.
If the pressure of air on the rear side of the diaphragm was not
maintained according to the invention, the annular portion 69 of
the diaphragm would not be bowed at all times toward the pumping
chamber, and would assume various random shapes, even shapes in
which the portion would be bowed outwardly from the pumping chamber
40 as shown in broken lines 69" in FIG. 1. These varying shapes
could cause substantial variations in the amount of liquid pumped
per stroke of the pump.
Moreover, since a fluid such as air is used as the power fluid and
is supplied to the rear side of the diaphragm, there are no large
mechanical forces required to move the diaphragm. Moreover, since
the stroke of the pump is relatively long and hence the amount of
liquid pumped per stroke is relatively large, any variations in
check valve operation can cause only relatively small variations in
the volume of liquid pumped per stroke, and hence would not
appreciably adversely affect accuracy or metering capabilities of
the pump.
FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment, which operates in a
generally similar manner except that the diaphragm is retracted in
the suction stroke by a spring, the diaphragm being moved against
the force of the spring on the pumping stroke.
The pump portion 70 of FIG. 2 comprises a housing portion 71
circular in cross section about axis B, having an annular surface
72 and a portion 73 having a flange 74. A flexible diaphragm 75 is
clamped at its outer edges between surface 72 and flange 74, by
bolts 76, to form fluid-tight joints.
Housing portion 71 and rear side of diaphragm 75 thus form a power
fluid chamber 77, while housing portion 73 and the front side of
diaphragm 75 form the pumping chamber 78.
Housing portion 73 carries a check valve structure 80 having an
inlet conduit 81 communicating with chamber 78 through a check
valve 82 that permits entrance of fluid into the pumping chamber
while preventing discharge of fluid through such check valve, and a
discharge conduit 83 having a check valve 84 that permits discharge
of fluid from the pumping chamber but prevents entrance of fluid
into the pumping chamber.
The pump apparatus comprises means for mechanically retracting the
diaphragm 75 on the suction stroke comprising a diaphragm
supporting and actuating member 85 that has a cup-shaped axially
extending portion 86 having a bottom 87 that is fluid-tightly
clamped to the central portion of the diaphragm by a circular
clamping plate 88. Plate 88 is forced against the diaphragm 75 and
bottom 87 by the riveted head 89 of a rod 90 coaxial with axis B;
rod 90 therefore cannot rotate. The end of member 85 away from the
diaphragm has a shoulder 92 that receives the end of a compression
spring 93, the other end of which bears against an inwardly
extending annular plate 94 fixed to the inside of housing portion
71. Consequently the spring biases the diaphragm toward the end of
its suction stroke.
The apparatus includes means for adjusting the length of the
diaphragm stroke, comprising an external thread 93 on rod 90, on
which is threaded an internally threaded adjustable stop nut 95
that can be rotated to assume any desired position permitted by
thread 93 along the rod 90. Nut 95 is adapted to be rotated for
adjustment by, and on the suction stroke to bear against, stop and
adjusting member 96. Member 96 is rotatably but axially immovably
mounted in the end of housing portion 71 with its axis of rotation
coincident with axis B. Member 96 extends through opening 97 in
boss 98 in housing portion 71, being located axially by shoulder 99
and snap ring 100; a sealing ring 101 provides a fluid-tight joint.
Member 96 has an internal opening 102 into which the end of rod 90
extends and a larger internal cylindrical opening 103 having two
diammetrically disposed axial slots 104 terminating in radial stop
surfaces 105. Member 96 also has an external adjusting portion 106
having a slot 107 permitting member 96 to be rotated from outside
of the apparatus.
Stop nut 95 has a generally cylindrical outer surface having two
diammetrically spaced outwardly extending lugs 108. Nut 95 fits
inside opening 103 of member 96 with its lugs 108 in slots 104.
Power fluid, air under suitable pressure, is supplied from a
suitable source 110 through conduit 111 and adjustable pressure
regulator 112 to air supply or inlet port 113 of a known three-way
valve 114, operated by a known electrically energizable solenoid
115 that when energized is adapted to move a closure member 116 in
the interior 117 of the valve from one position to another against
the force of biasing spring 118. Valve interior 117 has a port 119
communicating through conduit 120 with fluid power chamber 77. The
interior of valve 114 also has a port 121 communicating with
exhaust conduit 122, having in it a known adjustable pressure
retaining valve 123 opening to the atmosphere. In the valve 114
shown, when the solenoid is de-energized, the biasing spring will
move the valve closure member 116 to, and maintain it in, the
position shown in full lines in FIG. 2 in which the air supply port
113 is closed and the port 119 communicating with chamber 77 is
open to the port 121 communicating with the exhaust line 122 and
valve 123.
A known timer 66, which may be identical with that described in the
previous embodiment, controls the energy supplied by electrical
power lines 64, 65 and hence the operation of solenoid 115 that
controls the operation of valve 114.
In the condition illustrated by FIG. 2, the diaphragm 75 is shown
at the end of its suction stroke, to which it has been retracted by
force of spring 93 acting between annular plate 94 and shoulder 92
of member 85, the length of the stroke being determined by contact
of nut 95 against the ends 105 of the slots 104 of adjusting member
96. As shown, the closure member 116 of the valve 114 is in the
position where it cuts off air from the air source 110 and connects
conduit 120 communicating with chamber 77, through valve interior
117 to exhaust line 122 and valve 123. Air is maintained in chamber
77 at a residual pressure predetermined by pressure retaining valve
123 so that the annular unsupported portion 125 of the diaphragm 75
extending from the outer edges of plate 88 and support bottoms 87
to the inner edges or surface 72 and flange 74, is at all times
bowed inwardly toward the pumping chamber 78 as in the previous
embodiment and for the same reason.
Assuming that the timer 66 has been set to energize the solenoid to
operate valve 114 to cause the diaphragm 75 to move in its pumping
stroke, valve closure member 116 is then moved to the position
shown in broken lines 116' in FIG. 2, where it closes off the
exhaust port 121 and opens port 113 to connect fluid power chamber
77 through pressure regulator 112 with the source 110 of air under
pressure. Air under pressure predetermined by valve 112 then passes
into chamber 77 and operates on the rear side of the diaphragm 75
to move it in its pumping stroke. Fluid previously in pumping
chamber 78 is then discharged past check valve 84 through outlet
conduit 83. Movement of the diaphragm in the pumping stroke halts
when plate 88 contacts spaced stops 126. As the diaphragm moves in
the pumping stroke, the spring 93 compresses as the distance
between shoulder 92 and plate 94 decreases.
The timer 66 then de-energizes the solenoid 115 to permit valve
spring 118 to move closure member 116 to the position shown in full
lines in FIG. 2, which cuts off the air supply and opens the
interior of chamber 77 to the exhaust conduit 122. Air can then
pass from chamber 71 through pressure retaining valve 123 as the
pump spring 93 forces the member 85 and hence the diaphragm 75 in
the suction stroke, the length of the stroke being determined by
contact of stop nut 95 against the bottoms 105 of slots 104 in stop
and adjusting member 96. Check valve 84 prevents entrance of air or
other fluid into pumping chamber 78 through discharge conduit 83
while check valve 82 permits entrance of fluid to be pumped into
the pumping chamber 78 on the suction stroke. The suction and
pumping strokes may be repeated as often as desired in accordance
with operation of solenoid 115 by the timer 66.
The length of the stroke can be readily adjusted by turning member
96 either clockwise or counterclockwise by its adjusting portion
106 to cause nut 95 to move axially of externally threaded rod 90.
Location of the nut 95 axially on the rod 90 determines the length
of stroke of the diaphragm, and hence the amount of fluid pumped
per stroke.
In this case also, there is always maintained on the rear side of
the diaphragm 75 a pressure of air sufficiently greater than the
pressure of any fluid on the front side of the diaphragm, to cause
the unsupported annular portion 125 of the diaphragm between
clamping plate 88 and outer clamped diaphragm edge to bow inwardly
into the pumping chamber 78 even on the suction stroke.
Consequently, there is no loss of accuracy due to flopping or
random positioning of this annular portion 125 of the diaphragm
during reciprocation of the diaphragm.
As in the former embodiment, this pump apparatus has a large
diameter diaphragm that is moved on the pumping stroke without any
mechanical forces. A relatively long stroke as compared with the
diameter of the diaphragm also minimizes any effects of variations
in operation of the check valves.
In each of the embodiments illustrated, by one of the dials 67, 68,
timer 66 can be set to an infinitely variable adjustment within a
design range to control the length of time during which the
solenoid 63 or 115 is energized and thus to control the time during
which the pumping stroke takes place, while the other dial can be
set to an infinitely variable adjustment within a design range to
control the time that the solenoid 63 or 115 is de-energized, and
thus the time in which the suction stroke takes place; the timer is
automatically recycling, so these times are alternately repeated so
long as the timer is actuated. Preferably, the timer includes means
for actuating it for a predetermined time or a predetermined number
of cycles each made up of a suction and pumping stroke, which time
or number can be varied as desired. The timer thus can determine
the duration of each cycle, and hence the frequency of the cycles,
the number of cycles or the duration of operation of the
apparatus.
For a particular viscosity or other characteristic of the fluid
being pumped, the rate of travel of the diaphragm in each pumping
stroke can be adjusted by adjustment of the pressure regulator in
the line between the air supply source and the power fluid
chamber.
The rate of travel in the suction stroke in both embodiments is
partially determined by the residual pressure in the power fluid
chamber, which pressure is adjustable; it is also determined by the
pressure of air in chamber 37 in the first embodiment which
pressure is adjustable by regulator 49, and by the position of
adjusting nut on rod 90 in the second embodiment.
In each embodiment, the length of stroke of the diaphragm can be
adjusted from outside of the apparatus, and in the first embodiment
the operation can be observed, monitored, and the diaphragm stroke
adjusted, by visually observing the end 27 of rod 14 through
transparent cover 28 and viewing opening 22. Therefore, there is
great adjustability of suction and pumping strokes in both
embodiments.
As is apparent from the illustrated embodiments, the present
invention provides diaphragm type pumping apparatus that will
overcome the disadvantages indicated above, and that makes possible
the discharge of a highly accurate volume of pumped fluid on each
cycle of the pump. Moreover, the length of stroke is readily
adjustable to vary the volume of fluid pumped per cycle. Moreover,
for a given length of stroke, and by suitable control of pump
apparatus operation by setting of the timer, a highly accurate
volume of pumped fluid can be discharged over a predetermined
period of time, or at predetermined intervals of time.
While the invention has been disclosed as using air as the power
fluid, other types of power fluid, even liquids may be used.
Moreover, while the features of the invention have been disclosed
as used in metering pumps it is apparent that features of the
invention may be used in other types of reciprocating diaphragm
apparatus. Moreover, while an electric timer and solenoid valve
have been disclosed, in at least certain aspects of the invention
mechanical timer means or mechanically actuated valve means, or
both such means, may be used to control fluid passing to or from
the power fluid chamber.
Various modifications in addition to those discussed above may be
made without departing from the invention.
* * * * *