U.S. patent number 3,814,416 [Application Number 05/146,734] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-04 for playground climbing structures.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Northwest Design Products, Inc.. Invention is credited to Charles A. Kirby, Warren B. Munger.
United States Patent |
3,814,416 |
Munger , et al. |
June 4, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
PLAYGROUND CLIMBING STRUCTURES
Abstract
Playground equipment and climbing structures are described which
may be disassembled and re-assembled into other forms by simple
manipulation of parts. The structures are made up of the three
basic elements, a large beam member having a plurality of
throughbores along its length, a rod member adapted to be inserted
within the throughbores of the beam member and, a pair of retaining
collars, one positioned on each side of the beam member, to
securely fasten the rod member within the through-bores of the beam
member to prevent relative motion therebetween. The apparatus is
constructed using one or more of the beam members in conjunction
with one or more of the rod members having the required number of
collars to hold the apparatus together. Individual play events,
swings, climbing towers, ladders, parallel bars, inclined ramps,
scaffolding and a myriad of other configurations, either
individually or as interconnected events, may be constructed
according to the teaching of this invention.
Inventors: |
Munger; Warren B. (Vashon
Island, WA), Kirby; Charles A. (Gig Harbor, WA) |
Assignee: |
Northwest Design Products, Inc.
(Tacoma, WA)
|
Family
ID: |
22518764 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/146,734 |
Filed: |
May 25, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
482/36; 182/151;
182/20 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
9/00 (20130101); A63B 2208/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63B
9/00 (20060101); A63b 017/04 (); A63b 003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;272/63,60,62,85,59C
;46/27X,28X,29X,16,17,26
;287/52.7X,52.8X,56X,54AX,54BX,54CX,2R,23,2.92B
;182/2X,35X,178X,179X,224X ;285/192,194,201,205,239,330,331
;35/18A,53,60,73 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Pinkham; Richard C.
Assistant Examiner: Strappello; Harry G.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Christensen, O'Connor, Garrison
& Havelka
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A freestanding array of a plurality of structural units forming
a rigid three dimensional climbing apparatus, each of said units
comprising:
at least one beam member having a plurality of throughbores;
at least one rod member inserted into one or more of said
throughbores; and
collar elements receiving said rod member axially, having
rotation-resisting throughbore-engaging means positioned externally
on said collar elements and projecting outwardly from the surface
of said collar elements and having means to releasably engage said
rod member restraining relative rotation and axial reciprocation
therebetween, said collar elements being utilized in pairs, one of
said collar elements positioned at each end of a throughbore having
a rod member positioned therein and engaging said throughbore in a
substantially cylindrical interfit, whereby said rod member is
rigidly but removably positioned within said throughbore, the
structural engagement of said beam members, said collar elements
and said rod members resulting in said rigid, three dimensional
climbing array.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said collar elements each
comprise;
a first substantially cylindrical portion having a diameter greater
than said throughbore and a second substantially cylindrical
section having a diameter permitting insertion of said second
section into said throughbore, said collar elements each having an
axial bore of sufficient diameter to receive said rod member and
having throughbore engaging means projecting outwardly from said
second substantially cylindrical section.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said throughbores are
positioned in said beam member without intersection of said
throughbores in said beam member.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said throughbores extend
through said beam member perpendicular to the axis thereof.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein an equal number of said
throughbores are positioned upon each of two perpendicular axial
planes. said rod said
6. A climbing apparatus comprising a plurality of beam members each
having a plurality of throughbores positioned upon each of a
plurality of axial planes, a plurality of rod members inserted
within said throughbores and a plurality of collar elements
restraining relative motion between said beam members and said rod
members, said collar elements used in opposed pairs, one of said
collar elements positioned at each exposed aperture of said
throughbore on saidrod member, said collar elements having
throughbore engaging means externally positioned thereon and
projecting outwardly from the surface of aid collar elements, said
collar elements each releasably engaging both said aperture and
said rod member to restrain relative rotational and reciprocative
motion therebetween, said collar elements each having a
substantially cylindrical portion engaging a portion of said
throughbore.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said structure includes at
least one beam member having a plurality of rod members passing
through said throughbores, said rod members positioned
perpendicular to the axis of said beam member.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said collar elements each
comprise a first substantially cylindrical portion having a
diameter greater than said throughbore and a second substantially
cylindrical section having a diameter permitting insertion of said
second section into said throughbore, said collar elements each
having an axial bore of sufficient diameter to receive said rod
member and having throughbore engaging means projecting outwardly
from said second substantially cylindrical section.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said collar elements have rod
member engaging means to fasten said collar elements to said rod
members preventing relative motion therebetween.
10. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein an equal number of said
throughbores are positioned upon each of two perpendicular axial
planes.
11. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said throughbores are
substantially cylindrical.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
This invention relates to playground and scaffolding type apparatus
and more particularly to apparatus useful in constructing many
types of outdoor and indoor play equipment and climbing structures
as well as other type of high strength three dimensional structural
arrays.
This invention further relates to structural elements of an
apparatus which may be dismantled and re-arranged as desired into
other types of climbing structures using various geometric
relationships among the elements of the apparatus.
PRIOR ART:
Climbing apparatus for use in school and municipal playgrounds as
well as in backyards for exercise and play have been well-known in
the prior art. Heretofore, such apparatus was usually constructed
of metal or wood in the well-known geometric relationships to form
a permanently fixed three dimensional structure upon which children
could climb and upon which swings, slides and other events were
suspended. The prior art devices have predominantly been of a solid
type of construction which limited the usage of the device to the
events originally built into the apparatus. Little or no provision
was made for the ingenuity of the participants in the design or
function of such apparatus since structural alteration to the
apparatus was difficult or impossible once construction of the
apparatus was completed. Such apparatus, while occupying the time
and having at least some beneficial effects on the participants,
did little or nothing toward stimulating the creative thoughts and
abilities of the participants. Furthermore, no provision was made
to properly accommodate the changing needs of a growing family or
community.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION:
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide playground
equipment and climbing structures which act as a stimulus to the
creativity of participants as well as providing a structure useful
in climbing exercises and play functions.
A related object is to provide a simple structural joint for use in
building playground equipment and climbing structures from simple
elements.
A further object of this invention is to provide an apparatus which
may be readily assembled by unskilled individuals and which is
constructed of relatively inexpensive materials.
A still further object of this invention is to provide structural
elements which may be assembled into practically unlimited forms
and embodiments for use as a play apparatus, scaffolding or other
climbing and exercise events.
An important object of this invention is to provide play apparatus
which has the inherent capacity to be altered and re-arranged to
present varying challenges to a child's growing coordination and
muscular development. A related important object is to provide
structural apparatus which has a sufficiently simple method of
construction for the user to design and construct his own apparatus
from basic elements and which may readily be dismantled and
re-arranged by the user to suit particular needs.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
Accordingly, this invention provides apparatus and construction
technique for use with the apparatus which enables one to construct
climbing and scaffolding equipment in a myriad of thoroughly unique
and novel forms using three basic structural elements. The first of
three basic elements is a large dimensioned beam such as a wooden
or other type of structural beam having a plurality of throughbores
extending diametrically therethrough. The throughbores may be
positioned on any one of a plurality of planes, may be randomly
positioned in the beam member or preferably are regularly
positioned upon perpendicular axial planes so that a regularly
arrayed structure results. The second structural element utilized
in this invention is an elongated rod member which may be of
tubular or solid construction as desired which is adapted to be
inserted through the throughbores of the beam member described
above. The rod members may be positioned in any location within the
throughbores and are held firmly in position therein by the third
structural element utilized in this invention. This third
structural element which is used to restrain motion of any kind
between the rod means and the beam member comprises a collar means
which may be securely fastened to the rod member after its
insertion into the throughbore and which engages the throughbore to
maintain the rod member in its particular relationship with the
beam member. A pair of collar means, one positioned on each end of
the throughbore, are usually used. The use of a plurality of beam
members and rod members along with the requisite number of collars
permits one to construct climbing apparatus in a practically
infinite variety of possible shapes and forms, limited only by the
creativity and the ingenuity of the participants assembling the
parts of the apparatus.
In the preferred embodiment of this invention, a large wood member
is utilized as the beam member described above. This wood member
has a plurality of holes bored through it at certain intervals in
lines along the length of the wood member and positioned
substantially on a diameter of the wood member. Two series of
in-line holes are provided lying upon axial planes positioned
perpendicularly to each other. The holes in one axial plane are
offset with respect to the holes in the other axial plane to avoid
intersection thereof. The rod member is preferably tubular and of
such a diameter as to be easily passed through the throughbores in
the large wood member. The joining devices or collars are used in
opposing pairs engaging the rod member and the throughbore of the
large wood member and are of such a configuration as to be
partially inserted and wedged firmly into the throughbore in the
wood member. Each collar has at least one wedge element positioned
on the exterior of the portion thereof inserted into the
throughbore to engage the interior of the throughbores. A set screw
or other rod-engaging device is provided in the collar to position
the collar on the rod member and prevent motion between the rod
member and the wood member. The collars have an interior diameter
which is slightly larger than the rod member so that it may be
easily passed through the collar.
Due to the geometric relationship of the elements utilized to
construct the play apparatus described herein as well as the unique
method of constructing the joints between the elements, a high
degree of structural integrity and safe, strong three dimensional
structure results when the method and apparatus of this invention
are used. The structural integrity achieved is due in large part to
the secure junction between the rod members and beam members
resulting from the positioning of the two opposing collars, one
inserted into each exposed aperture of the same throughbore; both
positioned upon the same rod member. The collars each engage the
interior of the throughbore with at least one wedge and firmly
engage the rod by means of a set screw or other suitable fastener
means.
To construct the apparatus the wood members are arranged so that
corresponding holes in the various wood member line up to receive
the rod members inserted therethrough. The rod members are adapted
to be inserted through two or more throughbores in the large wooden
members. The rod members which have the appropriate number of
collars positioned along their length are then inserted into
corresponding throughbores in the wood members. When the desired
structural relationship has been made between the wood member and
the rod member, the collars are forced into the throughbores and
the fastener means tightened down upon the rod member resulting in
a structurally sound joint between the rod member and the wood beam
member. The structure thus formed may then be positioned so that
other wood members and rod members may be connected thereto in a
three dimensional array to form any desired structure. Specific
play events such as a swing, slide, parallel bars or the like may
then be affixed to the structure as desired to become an integral
part thereof.
IN THE DRAWINGS:
The objectives and attributes of this invention can be better
ascertained through a detailed evaluation of the following
description of several preferred embodiments with particular
reference to the drawings in which;
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a complete play apparatus of
several interconnected play events assembled using the devices and
concepts taught by this invention;
FIG. 2 shows an elevational view, partly in section, of the
structural elements of this invention;
FIG. 3 shows a perspective view, partly in section, of the collar
means used to prevent relative motion between the elements of this
invention;
FIG. 4 is a front elevational view of the collar means shown in
FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an elevational view, partly in section, of the large
diameter structural element used in this invention;
FIG. 6 shows a side view of an assembly of structural elements
arranged to form a climbing apparatus and slide;
FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a skew arrangement of structural
elements;
FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of one sub-component of the play
apparatus of this invention having the large diameter structural
member in the vertical position;
FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a second sub-component of the
apparatus of this invention having the large diameter structural
element in the horizontal position;
FIGS. 10 and 11 each show a perspective view of one of the many
possible multiple play event configurations of structural elements
which may be constructed according to the teachings of this
invention.
Referring more particularly to the drawings, wherein like numerals
indicate like parts, there is seen in FIGS. 1 through 5 a play
apparatus and the basic structural elements which are used in the
construction of such a play apparatus. In FIG. 1 a three
dimensional array of elements forming a play apparatus is shown
having a plurality of large diameter vertical beam members 20
connected together by use of a plurality of long horizontal rod
members 30, each connection established by use of a pair of collars
shown in detail in FIGS. 2-4. A rigid structure is formed by the
horizontal rod members 30 and the vertical beam members 20 by the
bracing thereof caused by perpendicular relationship of the
elements of the play structure. In FIG. 1 also is shown an inclined
beam member 24 having a plurality of short horizontal rod members
32 forming a ladder apparatus, suitable for climbing by childern.
At the top of the ladder, a pair of horizontal beam members 21 and
22 are shown which can be used for crawling across the top of the
play apparatus or for other purposes such as suspending swings or
the like. On the other side of the play apparatus, there is shown a
vertical beam member 18 which is positioned above the ground level
on a pair of long horizontal rod members 31. This vertical beam
member 18 has a plurality of the short horizontal rod members 32
placed through it to provide additional climbing area. The inclined
beam members 44 form a staircase by use of a plurality of the long
vertical rod members 46 to give access to the slide 34. Various
play events other than the ladders and slide may be attached if
desired to the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
The specific structure of the elements which make up this
playground invention are shown in FIGS. 2 through 5. In FIG. 2, the
large diameter beam members 50 are shown in the vertical position
with a horizontal rod member 30 inserted through the apertures 40.
The beam members 50 have a plurality of apertures extending
diametrically through the center thereof. Positioned at right
angles to the apertures 40 is a corresponding set of apertures 41,
similarly positioned in the beam member and extending diametrically
therethrough. The apertures are positioned along the axis of beam
members 50 so that the rod members 30 may be inserted through
corresponding apertures in two or more beam members 50 and securely
fastened in position by use of collars 52 and 53.
Rigidity and structural integrity of play apparatus constructed
according to this invention are due to the special relationships
among the elements of this invention as shown in FIG. 2. The
structural integrity is a result of the use of opposing collars 52
and 53 at the junction of each rod member 30 and beam member 50.
One opposing collar 52 is inserted into one exposed aperture of
throughbore 40 and the second collar 53 is inserted into the other
exposed aperture of throughbore 40. Both collars 52 and 53 are
positioned on rod member 30 and when fully inserted into the
throughbore 40 in the position shown in FIG. 2, are firmly attached
to the rod member 30 by tightening set screws 58 and 59 to prevent
relative motion between the rod member 30 and the collars 52 and
53. As a result, a rigid joint is established between rod member 30
and beam member 50. The joint may, of course, be dismantled by
reversing the steps set out above.
End caps 48 may be provided for each rod member 30 as desired. They
may be of a flexible rubber-like material or be made of wood,
plastic or metal. The end caps 48 are useful in eliminating
potentially dangerous rod member end exposure and also serve to
enhance the overall aesthetic effect of play equipment constructed
according to this invention. Such end caps 48 are of particular
utility whenever rod members 30 are of a tubular construction.
Details of the collar 52 are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The collar 52
is made up of a substantially cylindrical aperture penetrating
portion 54 upon which at least one wedge member 56 is is positioned
and a large diameter cylindrical portion 57. Wedge member 56 is
constructed and arranged to engage the bore of apertures 40 or 41
in a force fit when the collar is placed about a rod member 30 and
portion 54 positioined within bore 40 of the beam member 50. Screw
member 58 is used to firmly position the collar 52 on rod member
30. The wedge members 56 eliminate the possibility of rotation of
the collar 52 when inserted into the throughbore 40 or 41. A
tapered section 55 on the leading edge of the aperture penetrating
segment 54 aids installation of collar 52 within the throughbore 40
or 41 in the event that a misalignment occurs between the
throughbore 40 or 41 and the rod member 30.
In FIG. 5, a detailed elevational view of the beam members used in
this invention is shown, partly in section. Beam member 50 has a
first set of transverse throughbores 40a through 40f. These
throughbores are placed substantially perpendicular to the axis of
the beam member 50 and extend through the beam member 50
substantially upon a diameter line. A second set of
non-intersecting transverse throughbores 41a through 41f are
positioned adjacent their corresponding perpendicularly oriented
throughbores 40a through 40f. The transverse throughbores 41a
through 41f are also placed upon a diameter line and, again, are
substantially perpendicular to the axis of the beam member 50. The
transverse throughbores may contain a slight countersink as shown,
if desired.
In FIG. 6 one specific embodiment of the play apparatus of this
invention is shown comprising a ladder and slide event. A pair of
vertical beam members 20 are shown attached to a pair of inclined
beam members 44 through use of the horizontal rod member 46.
Several other horizontal rod members 56 placed into throughbores in
the inclined beam members 44 form a stairway for access to the top
of the play apparatus. At the bottom of the play apparatus, a
horizontal beam member 22 is positioned next to the base of the
inclined beam members 44 and is securely attached thereto with a
pair of short rod members 58. A bent linkage means 60 is shown
connecting the horizontal beam 22 to the bottom of the vertical
beam member 20. The appropriate number of collars 59 are placed
upon the rod members on each side of the beam members so as to form
a rigid joint between the beam members and rod members. A slide
means 34 is attached at its top end to the vertical beam members 20
at horizontal rod member 46 and engages the horizontal beam member
23 at its bottom end. Thus, a ladder and slide arrangement is
provided through use of the apparatus and method taught by this
invention.
In FIG. 7, a skew arrangement of beam members 66, 68 and 70 is
shown in which the beam members are connected together by means of
rod members 72, 74 and 76. This arrangement permits the participant
to climb around on the surfaces thereof to develop coordination and
balance.
In FIGS. 8 and 9, two of the basic combinations of structural
elements which make up the apparatus of this invention are shown.
In FIG. 8, a vertical beam member 91 is shown having the
horizontally oriented rod members 80 and 82 projecting through
throughbores in beam member 91 and horizontal rod members 84 and 86
extending through other throughbores positioned perpendicularly to
those occupied by rod members 80 and 82. Of course, any number of
rod members may be placed through the throughbores in beam member
91 to provide the desired type of structural relationship. In FIG.
9 a horizontally oriented beam member 92 is shown having
horizontally oriented rod members 84 and 86 with vertically
oriented rod members 88 and 90 passing through throughbores
oriented perpendicular to those throughbores occupied by tubular
members 84 and 86. By use of a plurality of the combinations of
structural elements shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, many varieties of
apparatus may be constructed utilizing the elements shown. The
possibilities for construction of play devices is limited only by
the ingenuity of the individual undertaking its construction.
In FIG. 10 another novel arrangement of the elements shown in FIG.
9 is presented. This arrangement permits the user to ascend a
spiral staircase-like apparatus formed by the plurality of
horizontally oriented beam members 192 which are rotated into
various positions about the vertically oriented rod member 190. A
plurality of vertically oriented rod members 188 are utilized to
support the outer end of the horizontal beam members 192. Of
course, the appropriate collars are utilized to maintain the
spacial relationship between the vertical rod members 188 and 190
and the horizontal beam members 192.
In FIG. 11 a climbing apparatus is shown using both the
horizontally oriented beam members 103 and the vertically oriented
beam members 102 along with appropriate rod members necessary to
provide the structure desired. An elevated vertical beam member 104
is also utilized. In this particular embodiment, a new type of rod
member, not shown before, is utilized. The L-shaped rod members 42
and 43 are utilized to reduce the swaying of the upper vertical
member 104 and to provide a horizontal bar-type arrangement for
gymnastic use as well as a means to enable participants to slide
down to the ground or climb up to the top of the apparatus.
It may be readily seen from the above discussion of the embodiments
shown that a practically inexhaustible number of play equipment
forms may be constructed from the elements of this invention. The
practically limitless possibilities of play apparatus construction
permits the users to construct their own equipment in any ingenious
fashion they desire. The structure is so simple that a group of
people can easily assemble a device of their choosing in a
relatively short period of time yet result in an extremely durable
and sturdy type of play apparatus construction. The advantages
presented by this type of structure, of course, make its
application to public playgrounds and schoolyards extremely
desirable. The sturdy and aesthetically pleasing structures which
result from use of this invention, furthermore, are desirable for
public facilities due to their low cost and durability. Many other
uses for the apparatus disclosed herein will be readily apparent to
one skilled in the art. For example, in addition to the play
apparatus described in detail above, other structural objects may
be prepared using the concepts of this invention including, but not
limited to, scaffolding; furniture such as benches; tables and
chairs; fences; retaining walls; bulkheads and other structural
forms.
While the perpendicular relationship between rod members and beam
members is preferred other angular relationships may be utilized.
This may be accomplished by having the throughbores extend through
the beam members on other than a diameter line or by use of rod
members having bends or curves along the length thereof.
The materials of construction which have been found useful in this
invention include large dimension wooden beam members and steel or
iron pipe, preferably galvanized, to eliminate the problems of
rusting of the rod members. The invention has found particular
application in geographical areas in which large quantities of
timbers of substantial size are readily available in large
quantities at low prices. Of course, the beam members may be made
of any suitable material of construction including, but not limited
to, plastic, concrete, fiberglass reinforced polyester materials,
large diameter pipe or the like. The beam members need not be
cylindrical but may be square, triangular or irregular in cross
sections. However, the cylindrical shape adds to the invention from
the aesthetic point of view and has certain advantages in
production as well as being more challenging to the developing
physical abilities of participants. In addition, round members
provide a more comfortable and safe play apparatus than square
timbers since no flats and sharp edges are present.
The collar material is generally a metal. However, any type of
strong plastic or other structural material may be utilized in
forming the retaining collar. The tubular members may, of course,
be made of materials other than iron, such as stainless steel,
titanium, aluminum, extruded plastics, fiberglass reinforced
polyester materials, wood or the like. Of course, solid rod-like
members may be substituted for the tubular members if desired.
Many other modifications within the scope and spirit of this
invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
* * * * *