U.S. patent number 3,813,983 [Application Number 05/308,288] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-04 for apparatus for adjusting the tension of an elongated stretched filament.
Invention is credited to Lawrence Gerald Paul.
United States Patent |
3,813,983 |
Paul |
June 4, 1974 |
APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING THE TENSION OF AN ELONGATED STRETCHED
FILAMENT
Abstract
There is disclosed apparatus for turning a rotatable pin for
adjusting the tension of an elongated stretched filament attached
to the pin or to a shaft which is geared or coupled to turn with
the pin. A receiving receptacle engages the pin and is connected
through a coupling mechanism to a converter for transforming energy
to mechanical motion, whereby the mechanical motion is coupled to
the receiving receptable to turn the pin and adjust the tension of
the elongated stretched filament.
Inventors: |
Paul; Lawrence Gerald (Santa
Ana, CA) |
Family
ID: |
23193356 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/308,288 |
Filed: |
November 20, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
84/458; 81/469;
84/454; 81/57.11; 84/459 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G10D
3/20 (20200201) |
Current International
Class: |
G10D
3/00 (20060101); G10g 007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;84/458,459
;81/52.4R,52.4A,57.11,57.13,57.14 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wilkinson; Richard B.
Assistant Examiner: Miska; Vit W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Madsen; Raymond L. Jennings;
Richard M.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus held in the hand of a human operator for adjusting the
tension of strings on a musical instrument comprising:
a container having a substantially rectangular form which is shaped
to be grasped and held in one hand of a human operator, said
container having a depressed area along one edge juxtaposed the
position of the thumb of the operator for mounting a thumb operated
switch therein, said container extending from substantially the
heel location of the operator's hand through the space between the
operator's thumb and index finger;
an electric motor mounted inside said container for transforming a
source of direct current electrical energy into mechanical
motion;
a shaft rotatably mounted through the wall of said container
adjacent the end of said container held nearest the thumb and index
finger of the operator, said shaft being substantially
perpendicular to the palm of the operator's hand when the container
is held therein to provide a mechanical advantage related to the
distance from the center of said shaft to the end of said container
held nearest the heel location of the operator's hand;
a gear train mounted inside said container and connected between
said electric motor and said shaft for converting the mechanical
motion of said motor to a rotating motion for turning said
shaft;
a socket connected to said shaft external to said container, said
socket being shaped to engage a tuning peg of a stringed musical
instrument, whereby each string of the instrument is tuned as said
peg is turned by said socket;
a pair of contacts for connection to the terminals of a direct
current electrical energy source;
a thumb operated double-pole-double-throw switch mounted in said
depressed area of said container, said switch being connected to
said pair of contacts in a manner to connect said motor in a given
polarity to said pair of contacts when the poles of said switch are
moved in one of the double-throw positions and to connect said
motor to said pair of contacts in a polarity reversed from said
given polarity when said poles are moved in the other of said
double-throw positions, whereby said motor is operated in a forward
and reverse direction to increase and decrease the tension of each
string.
2. The apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein said motor has a
pre-determined stall torque which stops said motor when the tension
on said string of the musical instrument reaches a pre-selected
force.
Description
THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention relates to apparatus for adjusting the
tension of an elongated stretched filament and more particularly to
adjusting the tension or pitch of vibrating strings on musical
instruments.
In the field of stringed musical instruments, it has been the
general practice to turn manually pins or pegs coupled to the
strings to adjust the pitch of the vibrating strings. For this
purpose, some instruments, such as the piano, have special wrenches
and tools to provide a mechanical advantage to the operator.
Although such manual methods and tools have served their purpose,
they have not proved entirely satisfactory under all conditions of
service for the reason that considerable difficulty has been
experienced in controlling and limiting the application of force
and difficulties encountered in the accurate adjustment of tension
and pitch.
Those concerned with the design and playing of stringed musical
instruments such as guitars, banjos, ukeleles, lutes, dulcimers,
sitars, violins, celloes, bass violins, and the like, have long
recognized the need for an automated device for the adjustment of
tensions of the strings. The present invention fulfills this
need.
One of the most critical problems confronting performers playing
stringed instruments has been the repeated accurate tuning and
retuning of the instrument by the manual adjustment of tension and
pitch of the strings. The screws or pegs of the instrument are
generally turned by the fingers of the player resulting in
considerable physical stress and fatigue with repeated adjustment.
The present invention overcomes this problem.
Another problem confronting designers and players of stringed
musical instruments has been the accurate adjustment of the tension
on the strings for precise tuning. The pegs attached to the strings
must be held tightly in the peg box of the instrument with
sufficient friction to prevent the peg from rotating under the
tension of the string. The more tension on the string, the greater
is the friction required to prevent the peg from rotating and the
greater is the force that must be applied to overcome this
friction. As a result, it is difficult to manually adjust the
tension of the strings and tune the instrument. The present
invention overcomes this problem.
The general purpose of this invention is to provide a mechanized
and automated peg turning device which embraces all the advantages
the manual methods and possesses none of the aforedescribed
disadvantages. To obtain this, the present invention contemplates a
unique arrangement of a motor, gear train and cup to receive and
engage the rotatable pin which is coupled to an elongated stretched
filament or string whereby the stress and fatigue of manual methods
and the resulting inaccuracies are avoided.
An object of the present invention is the provision of
"push-button" adjustment of the tension of an elongated stretched
filament.
Another object is to provide "push-button" tuning of stringed
musical instruments.
A further object of the invention is the provision of automated
tuning for the accurate and precise adjustment of stringed musical
instruments.
Still another object is to provide the automatic adjustment of the
tension and pitch of the vibrating strings of a musical instrument
where a pre-determined tension cannot be exceeded.
Yet another object in the present invention is the provision of a
hand held, motor driven, tuning mechanism for adjusting the tension
of the strings of a musical instrument.
A still further object is the provision of electrical tuning of
stringed musical instruments with a substantial mechanical
advantage over manual methods.
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of this
invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better
understood by reference to the following detailed description when
considered in connection with the accompanying drawings in which
like reference numerals designate like parts throughout the figures
thereof and wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates a side view, partly in section, and partly in
block diagram, of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a pictorial view of another embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 3 is an electrical circuit diagram for operating the motor of
FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 illustrates a pictorial view of the physical appearance of a
preferred embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 5 illustrates the application of its invention to tuning a
stringed musical instrument.
Turning now to FIG. 1, a converter for transforming energy into
mechanical motion or motor 7 is connected to coupling means or gear
train 9, power being supplied to motor 7 through leads X and Y.
Gear train 9 is further connected to plate 11 of clutch 10. Plate
11 further engages plate 13 of clutch 10 which plate is connected
to shaft 17 passing through enclosing container wall 19 and further
connected to receiving means or to socket 21. Plate 13 is further
biased with respect to wall 19 by spring 15 placed over shaft 17
and located between plate 13 and wall 19.
FIG. 2 illustrates a pictorial view of motor 7 having shaft 29
thereof connected to worm gear 27 which further engages the teeth
of circular gear 25. Circular gear 25 is centrally attached to
shaft 17 which in turn is connected to socket 21 having an opening
23 therein to receive the tuning pegs or pins located on the peg
box of a stringed musical instrument.
The circuit diagram of FIG. 3 shows leads X and Y from the motor
attached to poles 33 and 31, respectively, of a
double-pole-double-throw switch S2. Pole 31 is associated with
section (a) of switch S2 and pole 33 is associated with section (b)
of switch S2. In section (a) of S2, pole 31 may be moved to engage
either contact 35 of contact 37. Similarly, in section (b) of S2,
pole 33, which is mechanically connected to pole 31, may be moved
to make contact with either contact 39 or contact 41, respectively.
Contacts 37 and 39 of switch S2 connected together and are further
connected to pole 43 of switch S1, a single-pole-single-throw
switch. Pole 43 may be moved to engage contact 45 which is further
connected to battery contact 49. Contacts 35 and 41 of switch S2
are connected together and to battery contact 51. Battery 47 is
connected between battery contacts 49 and 51. Instead of a battery,
a circuit for converting AC to DC power well known in the field of
electronic power supply circuits can be used and operated from a
source of 110V, 60 cycles AC.
FIG. 4 shows the container or enclosure configuration which
supports the components illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3. Container
53 is a convenient shape easily and comfortably held in the hand of
the operator. Rocker arm 55 is connected to the poles of
double-pole-double-throw switch S2 of FIG. 3. Socket 21 with
opening 23 therein is mounted at one end of container 53 opposite
and remote from the end grasped and held in the hand of the
operator thereby providing a mechanical advantage.
FIG. 5 illustrates container 53 in the hand of an operator with the
operator's thumb depressing rocker arm 55. Socket 21 is shown
engaging peg 57 which is connected to peg box 59 of a stringed
musical instrument.
Operation of the invention can best be understood by turning first
to FIG. 3. Switch S1 is closed by moving pole 43 to engage contact
45. The operator then moves double-poles 31 and 33 of switch S2 to
engage contacts 35 and 39 thereof, respectively, applying power to
motor leads X and Y and causing motor 7 of FIG. 2 to be activated.
Shaft 29 turns worm gear 27 which rotates circular gear 25, and in
turn rotates socket 21. The rotation of socket 21 can be reversed
by moving double-poles 31 and 33 to make contact with contacts 37
and 41, respectively. Therefore, socket 21 can be rotated in either
direction to increase or decrease the tension of a string coupled
to the peg of a stringed musical instrument engaged by socket 21.
Although not illustrated, it is also possible to reverse direction
by using shifting gears similar to the transmission of an
automobile. It is also contemplated to extend shaft 17 on both
sides of gear 25 as illustrated in FIG. 2 and to make socket 21
removable from shaft 17 so it may be attached to either end of
shaft 17 to obtain the desired direction of rotation to increase or
decrease tension. In addition, other types of gears may be used in
addition to worm gear 27 and circular gear 25 such as a spur gear
and circular gear or a circular gear gear train having parallel
axes of rotation.
The stalling torque of motor 7 and the size of circular gear 25 can
be selected such that, as the tension of string is being adjusted,
the motor will stall when the force on the string reaches a
pre-determined value, thereby preventing accidental breakage by
applying too much tension to the string.
Another alternative for preventing accidental string breakage is
illustrated in FIG. 1 where clutch 10 is provided having a maximum
friction force between plates 11 and 13 of a pre-determined
magnitude set by spring 15, whereby clutch plate 11 will slide
against clutch plate 13 when the tension on a string being adjusted
exceeds a pre-determined force. It should be noted that other
clutch arrangements may be utilized which have the characteristics
of limiting the maximum tension which can be applied a string being
adjusted.
Although not illustrated, it is possible to automate the tuning
process by providing frequency measuring apparatus which is used to
control the rotation of shaft 17 to tune a given string to a
precise frequency of vibration.
As illustrated in FIG. 5, the portion of container 53 which is
grasped by the hand of the operator is oppositely disposed from
socket 21 and the shaft of socket 21 is substantially perpendicular
to the palm of the operator's hand to provide a mechanical
advantage to minimize the forces on the hand of the operator.
Container 53 extends from substantially the heel location of the
operator's hand through the space between the operator's thumb and
index finger with socket 21 mounted at the end of the container
nearest the thumb and index finger of the operator. Pin 57 fits
into opening 23 of socket 21 and is rotated as socket 21 rotates.
The operator depresses rocker arm 55 of switch S2 in one direction
to rotate socket 21 in the reverse direction. Therefore, tension on
a string can be increased or decreased by "push-button" operation
of rocker arm 55. Although pin 57 is illustrated as attached
directly to string, many instruments utilize a gear train between
the pin and a shaft connected to the string.
Although the present invention is contemplated for use with musical
stringed instruments such as guitars, banjos, ukeleles, violins,
celloes, lutes, dulcimers, sitars, and other stringed instruments
whose tuning pegs are normally adjusted manually by the use of the
fingers of the musician or operator, it should be clear that the
invention can be used for tuning larger stringed instruments such
as harps and pianos by providing the appropriate force required. By
utilizing a high mechanical advantage, a powerful motor and an
appropriate gear train, it is possible to develop a pull of 150
pounds or more to tune the strings of a piano or turn the tuning
pins of a harp.
It now should be apparent that the present invention provides a
circuit arrangement which may be employed in conjunction with a
motor and socket device for engaging and turning the tuning pegs of
a musical stringed instrument to adjust the tension and resulting
pitch of the vibrating strings.
Although particular components, etc., have been discussed in
connection with a specific embodiment of a tuning device
constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present
invention, others may be utilized. Furthermore, it will be
understood that although an exemplary embodiment of the present
invention has been disclosed and discussed, other applications and
circuit arrangements are possible and that the embodiments
disclosed may be subjected to various changes, modifications and
substitutions without necessarily departing from the spirit of the
invention.
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