U.S. patent number 3,813,887 [Application Number 05/231,631] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-04 for method and apparatus for removing liquid contaminants from a submerged tank.
This patent grant is currently assigned to SAID Rossitto, by said Kruger. Invention is credited to Jean J. Kruger, Vincent E. Rossitto.
United States Patent |
3,813,887 |
Kruger , et al. |
June 4, 1974 |
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING LIQUID CONTAMINANTS FROM A
SUBMERGED TANK
Abstract
A method and apparatus for forming holes in the wall of a
submerged tank and removing liquid material therefrom. First and
second holes are first formed in the wall of the tank wherein the
first hole is positioned higher than the second hole. The holes are
formed in such a manner as to prevent the liquid material from
escaping the tank and contaminating a liquid body surrounding the
tank. The liquid material is pumped out from one of the holes while
the liquid surrounding the submerged tank enters the other of the
holes. The holes are formed by using an air drill which is mounted
on a spring-loaded frame within a cone-shaped housing, wherein the
base of the cone-shaped housing is fastened to a side of the tank.
The drill is positioned along the center line of the cone while the
hole is being formed and the spring-loaded frame carries the drill
away from the center line of the cone after the hole is formed, if
access to the formed hole is desired.
Inventors: |
Kruger; Jean J. (Northport,
NY), Rossitto; Vincent E. (West Islip, NY) |
Assignee: |
SAID Rossitto, by said Kruger
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
22870037 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/231,631 |
Filed: |
March 3, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
405/188; 405/60;
114/51 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63C
7/006 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B63C
7/16 (20060101); B63C 7/00 (20060101); B63c
011/40 () |
Field of
Search: |
;61/69,1,46,46.5 ;408/72
;114/.5T,50,51,16 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Bell; J. Karl
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kirschstein, Kirschstein, Ottinger
& Frank
Claims
Having thus described the invention, there is claimed as new and is
desired to be secured by Letters Patent:
1. Apparatus for producing a hole in a submerged tank
comprising:
a hole-forming means;
means for housing said hole-forming means and for isolating said
hole-forming means from a liquid body surrounding said submerged
tank;
means for fixing and sealing said housing to a side of said tank to
prevent liquid material within said tank from escaping into the
surrounding liquid body;
means providing an opening in said housing for connection to a
surface vessel; and
valve means secured to said housing in a position to open and close
said opening, said valve means having operating means externally of
the housing.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said hole-forming means
includes:
an air-activated drill having a fly cutter attached thereto;
means for positioning the fly cutter against the side of said
tank;
means for rotating said drill and fly cutter until the hole in said
tank is formed; and
means for retracting the drill and fly cutter from the position
against said tank after the hole is formed.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein:
the housing is a cone-shaped member having the base end thereof
attached to said sealing and fixing means;
the valve means is a gate valve attached to the other end of said
cone-shaped member for allowing material to pass through;
a support means is attached to the interior of said cone-shaped
member;
a spring-loaded frame, slideably mounted to said support means is
provided for carrying said hole-forming means; and
means is included for holding said frame in a first position prior
to and during the forming of the hole in the side of said tank, and
for releasing said frame after the forming of the hole so as to
locate said frame in a second position, which second position
allows for unobstructed entry into the formed hole.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said holding and
releasing means includes:
an arm-locking member pivotally mounted to a side of said cone, one
end of said arm-locking member having a flanged portion for
engaging and holding said frame in the first position, the other
end of said arm-locking member extending beyond the wall of said
cone and movable in a downward direction to release said frame and
allow it to move to the second position; and
a flexible member covering the other end of said arm-locking member
and attached to the wall of said cone for isolating the other end
of said arm-locking member from the surrounding liquid body.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said fixing and sealing
means includes:
a clamping ring welded to the side of said tank;
a sealing ring positioned within said clamping ring and attached to
said housing means; and
means coupled to said clamping ring for mechanically forcing said
sealing ring against the side of said tank.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said forcing means
includes a plurality of toggle clamps attached to said clamping
ring.
7. Apparatus for removing liquid material from a submerged tank
comprising:
means for producing a first hole and a second hole in said tank
while preventing liquid material within said tank from escaping
therefrom during and after the formation of said holes, said first
hole being positioned higher than said second hole; and
means for pumping the liquid material out from one of said first
and second holes to the surface of a body of liquid surrounding
said tank while the surrounding liquid enters said tank through the
other of said holes.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7 wherein means for producing each
of the holes in said submerged tank is comprised of:
hole-forming means;
means for housing said hole-forming means and for isolating said
hole-forming means from the body of liquid surrounding said
submerged tank;
means for fixing and sealing said housing to a side of said tank to
prevent the liquid material within said tank from escaping into the
surrounding liquid body;
means providing and opening in said housing for connection to a
surface vessel; and
valve means secured to said housing in a position to open and close
said opening, said valve means having operating means externally of
the housing.
9. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said pumping means
includes a pump and a hose, one end of said hose attached to said
pump and the other end of said hose attached to said housing means
surrounding one of said holes.
10. Apparatus according to claim 9 further comprising a backfill
tube extending through the housing surrounding the other of said
holes and extending into the other of said holes, said backfill
tube allowing material to pass into said tank while preventing
material from exiting said tank.
11. Apparatus for forming a hole in a body comprising:
a cone-shaped housing having the base end thereof fastened to a
side of the body;
support means attached to the interior of said housing;
a spring-loaded frame slideably mounted to said support means;
a drill mounted on said frame;
means for holding said spring-loaded frame and said drill in a
position along the center line of said cone while the hole is being
formed, and for releasing said spring-loaded frame after the hole
is formed so that said frame moves away from the center line of
said cone so as to provide access to the formed hole;
means providing an opening at the other end of said cone-shaped
member for allowing material to pass through; and
valve means secured to said housing in a position to open and close
said opening, said valve means having operating means externally of
the housing.
12. Apparatus according to claim 11 further comprising:
the valve means is a gate valve located toward and adjacent the
other end of said cone; and
a lance extending through said gate valve into said cone and
through said formed hole.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a
hole in a submerged tank and more particularly to a method and
apparatus for removing liquid contaminants from the submerged tank,
while preventing the liquid contaminants from escaping into a
surrounding liquid body.
2. Description of the Prior Art
At the present time there are a great many sunken vessels located
in bodies of water throughout the world. Many of these vessels have
tanks containing fuel oil, kerosene, or something similar thereto.
Some of these vessels may be tankers, freighters, or even passenger
ships. Other vessels may contain herbicides.
While the value loss of much of the liquid material contained
within the tanks of submerged vessels is considerable and its
recovery would be desirable, there are even more important reasons
to quickly recover these liquid contaminants. For example, if any
of the sunken vessels located along the Continental Shelf of the
United States, containing oils or herbicides or other dangerous
contaminants, were to corrode to the point that these liquid
contaminants would escape from a tank in any or a few of these
vessels, the resultant damage would be incalculable. The beaches
along the Gold Coast of Miami would become so contaminated by an
oil spill that they would not be usable for a long time, even if
serious efforts were made to emulsify the oil or scrape it off the
beaches. The cost of cleaning up the beaches would be very high and
the cost of the loss of tourist trade would be even higher.
In another example, if 50 to 100 tons of herbicides were to be
released by a ship sunk on the Continental Shelf of the United
States, it has been estimated that all the fish along the Eastern
Seaboard would be killed, while the damaging effect of the
herbicides being drawn up into the clouds and coming down in rain
on crops, would be incalculable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Purpose of the Invention
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a method and
apparatus for recovering liquid contaminants contained within a
tank of a sunken vessel.
It is another object of this invention to provide for a method and
apparatus for recovering liquid contaminants from a tank of a
sunken vessel, while preventing the liquid contaminants from
escaping into the surrounding body of water.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an apparatus
for producing holes in a side of a submerged tank, while preventing
liquid contaminants within the tank from escaping therefrom and
into the surrounding liquid body.
Other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and in part
be pointed out hereinafter.
Brief Description of the Invention
According to a broad aspect of the invention, there is provided a
method of removing liquid material from a submerged tank comprising
the steps of forming a first and second hole in the submerged tank,
while preventing the escape of the liquid material from the tank,
said first hole being positioned higher than said second hole, and
pumping the liquid material out from one of said first and second
holes, while liquid surrounding the submerged tank enters the other
of said holes.
A feature of the invention provides that the liquid material is
less dense than the surrounding liquid and the liquid material is
pumped out of said first hole while the surrounding liquid enters
said second hole.
Another feature of the invention provides that the liquid material
is more dense than the surrounding liquid and the liquid material
is pumped out of said second hole while the surrounding liquid
enters said first hole.
Still another feature of the invention provides that the liquid
material in the submerged tank is originally in solid form, an
emulsifying agent being introduced through said other hole to
liquify the solid material and form the liquid material prior to
pumping the liquid material out of said hole.
A further feature of the invention provides that after the step of
pumping of the liquid material out of said one hole, a cleansing
agent is introduced into said sunken tank through said other hole,
and said cleansing agent is pumped out of said one hole to remove
all traces of the liquid material to prevent contamination of the
surrounding liquid.
A still further feature of the invention provides that after the
step of introducing a cleansing agent into said sunken tank, a foam
plastic is introduced through said other hole and into said
submerged tank until the foam plastic fills the submerged tank so
as to provide sufficient buoyancy for the submerged tank to raise
the tank to the surface of the surrounding liquid.
Still a further feature of the invention provides that the liquid
material is pumped out of the submerged tank and into a container
located at the surface of the surrounding liquid.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided an
apparatus for producing a hole in a submerged tank comprising a
hole forming means, means for housing said hole forming means and
for isolating said hole forming means from a liquid body
surrounding said submerged tank, and means for fixing and sealing
said housing to a side of said tank to prevent liquid material
within said tank from escaping into the surrounding liquid
body.
A feature of the other aspect of the invention provides that said
hole forming means includes an air activated drill having a fly
cutter attached thereto, means for positioning the fly cutter
against the side of said tank, means for rotating said drill and
fly cutter until the hole in said tank is formed, and means for
retracting the drill and fly cutter from the position adjacent said
tank after the hole is formed.
Another feature of the other aspect of the invention provides that
said housing means includes a cone-shaped member having the base
end thereof attached to said sealing and fixing means, a gate valve
attached to the other end of said cone-shaped member for allowing
material to pass through, support means attached to the interior of
said cone-shaped member, a spring loaded frame slidably mounted to
said support means for carrying said hole forming means, and means
for holding said frame in a first position prior to and during the
forming of the hole in the side of said tank, and for releasing
said frame after the forming of the hole so as to locate said frame
in a second position, which second position allows for unobstructed
entry into the formed hole.
Still another feature of the other aspect of the invention provides
that said holding and releasing means includes an arm-locking
member pivotally mounted to a side of said cone, one end of said
arm-locking member having a flanged portion for engaging and
holding said frame in the first position, the other end of said
arm-locking member extending beyond the wall of said cone and
movable in a downward direction to release said frame and allow it
to move to the second position, and a flexible member covering the
other end of said arm locking member and attached to the wall of
said cone for isolating the other end of said arm locking member
from the surrounding liquid body.
A further feature of the other aspect of the invention provides
that said fixing and sealing means includes a clamping ring
attached to the side of said tank, a sealing ring positioned within
said clamping ring and attached to said housing means, and means
coupled to said clamping ring for forcing said sealing ring against
the side of said tank.
A still further feature of the other aspect of the invention
provides that said forcing means includes a plurality of toggle
clamps attached to said clamping ring.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided an
apparatus for removing liquid material from a submerged tank
comprising means for producing a first and second hole in said tank
while preventing liquid material within said tank from escaping
therefrom during and after the formation of said holes, said first
hole being vertically positioned above said second hole, and means
for pumping the liquid material out from one of said first and
second holes to the surface of a body of liquid surrounding said
tank while the surrounding liquid enters said tank through the
other of said holes.
According to a still further aspect of the invention there is
provided an apparatus for forming a hole in a body comprising a
cone-shaped housing having the base end thereof fastened to a side
of the body, support means attached to the interior of said
housing, a spring loaded frame slidably mounted to said support
means, a drill mounted on said frame, and means for holding said
spring-loaded frame and said drill in a position along the center
line of said cone while the whole is being formed, and for
releasing said spring loaded frame after the hole is formed so that
said frame moves away from the center line of said cone so as to
provide access to the formed hole.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings in which are shown various possible
embodiments of my invention:
FIG. 1 shows liquid material being pumped from a submerged vessel
to holding tanks on the surface of a body of water;
FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a clamping ring which is welded to the
side of the submerged vessel and surrounds a hole to be formed
therein;
FIG. 3 shows a cutaway view of the apparatus used to produce each
hole in the submerged vessel;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the means for holding and releasing a
spring loaded frame shown in FIG. 3; and
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary view of a backfill tube or lance which will
pass through the gate valve shown in FIG. 3 and the formed hole and
into the submerged tank for allowing the surrounding liquid to fill
the submerged tank while the liquid material within the submerged
tank is being pumped out through the other hole.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A method of removing liquid contaminants from a submerged tank is
generally illustrated in FIG. 1.
A sunken vessel 10 is shown resting on the inclined floor 12 of
liquid body 14. Liquid body 14 could be a body of sea, lake, river
or ocean water. In this example, vessel 10 can contain a submerged
tank 16 which is filled with a liquid material. Although the liquid
material can be something other than fuel oil, such as herbicides,
etc., we will limit our discussion in this example to the liquid
material being fuel oil and the liquid body being water which is of
course denser than the fuel oil.
In this example, two holes are formed within a wall of submerged
tank 16. Cones 18 and 20 show the location of the respective holes
in the wall of tank 16. Hole 21 formed in side 22 of tank 16 at the
base of cone 18 is positioned vertically higher than hole 23 formed
in side 22 of tank 16 at the base of cone 20. The apparatus and
technique for forming the above referred to holes will be described
later on. A hose 24 has one end thereof connected to cone 18 and
the other end thereof connected to a pump 26 located on a surface
vessel 28. A backfill tube 30 extends through cone 20 and lower
hole 23 and into submerged tank 16. The backfill tube allows
surrounding liquid from liquid body 14 to enter submerged tank 17,
but prevents the liquid material within submerged tank 16 from
escaping into liquid body 14. Thus as pump 26 pumps the liquid
material within submerged tank 16 to surface vessel 28 and into
holding tanks 32, water from liquid body 14 enters through backfill
tube 30 into submerged tank 16.
It should be noted that the liquid material within tank 16 cannot
be allowed to escape into and contaminate liquid body 14. Thus cone
18 (entry cone) and cone 20 (backfill cone) are so attached to side
22 of tank 16 as to prevent the escape of any liquid material from
within tank 16. Similarly, hose 24 and backfill tube 30
respectively engage cones 18 and 20 in such a manner as also to not
allow the escape of liquid material from within tank 16.
In this example the liquid material which in this instance is fuel
oil, is pumped through upper hole 21, while water from liquid body
14 is allowed to fill tank 16 through lower hole 23. Because water
is more dense than fuel oil, the less dense fuel oil will tend to
rise in the tank as the water fills the tank, and that is why, to
achieve the greatest efficiency in removal of the liquid material,
the fuel oil should be removed through higher hole 21. If on the
other hand, the liquid material to be removed from submerged tank
16 were denser than the surrounding liquid body 14, then hose 24
would be connected to cone 20, and backfill tube 30 would be
connected to cone 18, so that the denser liquid material would be
pumped out of lower hole 23, while liquid from the less dense
liquid body 14 would seep into tank 16 via hole 21.
After the liquid material has been pumped out of tank 16 through
the higher hole 21, a cleansing or emulsifying agent can be pumped
through backfill tube 30 and lower hole 23 into tank 16 and then
back out of higher hole 21 to surface vessel 28 so as to remove all
traces of the liquid material from the interior of tank 16. The
cleansing or emulsifying agents are pumped from vessel 28 through
backfill tube 30 via a suitable hosing and pumping arrangement.
The apparatus for removing the liquid material from the sunken tank
can be removed from the sunken vessel after all the liquid material
has been removed and the interior of the sunken tank has been
cleaned. Alternatively, a plastic foam can be pumped from surface
vessel 28 through a suitable hosing and pumping apparatus and then
through backfill tube 30 and into tank 16 until the buoyancy of
submerged vessel 10 is increased to the point that submerged vessel
10 can be raised to the surface of the liquid body 14.
If the liquid material within tank 16 were originally in solid
form, it would have to first be converted to the liquid material
before it could be removed from the submerged tank. Under these
circumstances, a suitable liquifying or emulsifying agent would
have to be introduced through backfill tube 30 and lower hole 23
and into tank 16 so as to liquify the solid matter prior to the
pumping of the liquid material out of tank 16.
The apparatus for producing the upper and lower holes in the side
of the submerged tank is more clearly shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. This
apparatus includes hole forming means. The hole forming means
further includes a drill 34 having a fly cutter 36 attached to one
end thereof, and in this example the fly cutter has a 2 in. radius
so as to actually cut a 4 in. diameter hole. Means for positioning
fly cutter 36 against side 22 of the tank, and for retracting fly
cutter 36 from the position against the tank after the hole is
formed, is provided by hydraulic ram 38 which is actuated by a pump
lever 40. When pump lever 40 is in a first position, ram 38 would
move drill 34 and fly cutter 36 so that fly cutter 36 would bear
against side 22 of the tank, and when lever 40 is placed in a
second position, ram 38 would retract drill 34 and fly cutter 36 to
its original position.
Means for rotating drill 34 and fly cutter 36 until the hole in the
tank is formed is provided pneumatic motor 41 and air hoses 42 and
44. Compressed air is fed through hose 42 and exits through hose 44
so that pneumatic motor 41 is provided with sufficient force to
drive drill 34 and fly cutter 36. Pneumatic motor 41 can begin to
rotate drill 34 and fly cutter 36 before ram 38 forces fly cutter
36 against the side of the tank.
Means for housing the above described hole forming means, and for
isolating the hole forming means from the liquid body surrounding
the submerged tank, is provided by a hollow cone shaped member 46.
The peaked end 47 of cone shaped member 46 contains a gate valve 48
and a sealing coupling 49. In this example gate valve 48 can have a
diameter of 4 in. when opened so as to be congruent with the hole
being cut in side 22 of the tank. Gate valve 48 can contain a
slidable plate which is moved by lever 50 so as to open and close
the valve. Sealing coupling 49 is dimensioned in shape to either
sealingly engage hose 24 (shown in FIG. 1) or backfill tube 30
(shown in FIG. 5). The interior of cone 46 contains support means
or rails 54 which are positioned near and parallel to the base of
cone 46. A spring loaded frame 56 is slidably mounted on rails 54
and is the carriage for the hole forming means. The loading of
compression spring 58 is such that frame 56 will be positioned
close to end 60 of rails 54.
During the drilling operation, since it is desirable to have the
drilled hole aligned with the opening in gate valve 48, means are
provided for holding frame 56 in a position along the center line
of cone 46 prior to and during the actual cutting of the hole in
the side 22 of tank 16, and for releasing frame 56 after the
forming of the hole so that frame 56 again slides towards the end
60 of rails 54 so as to provide for unobstructed entry into the
drilled hole. This holding and releasing means contains an
arm-locking member 62 which has a flanged end 64, wherein flanged
end 64 engages catch 66, which catch is attached to frame 56 when
frame 56 is to be held in position along the center line of cone
46. As shown in FIG. 4, arm-locking member 62 is pivotally attached
at 68 to a bracket 70 which bracket is fastened to the interior
wall of cone 46. Arm-locking member 62 is so bent that its opposite
end 72 extends through an opening 74 in the wall of cone 46.
Opening 74 and end 72 of arm locking member 62 are covered with a
flexible sealing material 75 so as to properly seal opening 74 and
end 72 from the surrounding liquid body 14. The sealing material is
fastened by bolts 76 and 78 to cone 46. Normally arm-locking member
62 is initially positioned to hold frame 56 along the center line
of the cone prior to and during the formation of the hole in the
side of the tank. After the hole has been formed, end 72 of arm
locking member 62 can be pushed down either by a scuba diver or an
automatically activated air pressure mechanism from the surface
vessel. As end 72 of arm locking member 62 is pushed down, end 64
moves up so as to release catch 66, thereby allowing frame 56 to
slide toward end 60 of rails 54.
Means for fixing and sealing the cone housing to the side of the
tank to prevent the liquid material within the tank from escaping
into the surrounding liquid body is provided by a clamping ring 80
(shown in FIG. 2) and a sealing ring 82 (shown in FIG. 3). Clamping
ring 80 is fixed to the side 22 of tank 16 by either spot or
continuous welding, as shown at points 84 and 86 in FIG. 3. It is
preferred, however, that welds 84 and 86 be spot rather than
continuous, since it would be easier to detach ring 80 from the
side 22 of the tank if ring 80 were only spot welded thereto. Ring
80 has toggle clamps 88 (shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) attached to inner
ring portion 90 of clamping ring 80. Toggle clamps 88 are so
arranged as to force flange 92, at the base of cone 46, against
sealing ring 82 so as to fix cone 46 to side 22 of tank 16 while
also sealing the interior of cone 46 from the surrounding liquid
body 14.
It should be noted that clamping ring 80 can be made of a suitable
material such as steel, while cone 46 can be made of reinforced
fiberglass. Sealing ring 80 and flexible sealing material 75 can be
made of neoprene. It should also be noted that both upper hole 21
and lower hole 23 described with reference to FIG. 1 must each
contain a separate set of the apparatus described in FIGS. 2, 3 and
4, wherein entry cone 18 has hose 24 attached to its coupling
sealing 49, while backfill tube or lance 30 (shown in FIG. 5)
extends through the open gate valve 48 of backfill cone 20 and the
congruent drilled hole 23. Backfill tube contains a one-way check
valve 94 (shown in FIG. 5) which will allow material or liquid to
flow into but not out of tank 16.
It should be also noted that while the above hole forming means was
described with reference to an air operated drill, other hole
forming means such as an electrically or air activated punching ram
or piercing member could be used to either punch or pierce the
holes in the tank.
It should be further noted that the gate valve of both the entry
and backfill cones is closed while the respective holes are being
formed in side 22 of tank 16, and hose 24 is placed within the
sealing coupling of entry cone 18 while backfill tube 30 is placed
within the sealing coupling of backfill cone 20 before the
respective gate valves are opened.
It thus is seen that there is provided a method and apparatus for
removing liquid contaminants from a submerged tank which achieve
the several objects of the invention and are well adapted to meet
the conditions of practical use.
As various possible embodiments might be made of the above
invention, and as various changes might be made in the embodiments
above set forth, it is to be understood that all matter herein
described, or shown in the accompanying drawings, is to be
interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
* * * * *