U.S. patent number 3,813,712 [Application Number 05/266,997] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-04 for patient stretcher transport system.
Invention is credited to Noel James Bonnin.
United States Patent |
3,813,712 |
Bonnin |
June 4, 1974 |
PATIENT STRETCHER TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Abstract
Patient stretcher apparatus wherein the threads of the
supporting sheet are angularly positioned in relation to the length
of the sheet with the edges thereof loosely attached to a
peripheral reinforcement, and attaching means securing certain ends
of the threads to side bars at spaced intervals, the opposite ends
of said certain threads not being so fastened.
Inventors: |
Bonnin; Noel James (North
Adelaide, AU) |
Family
ID: |
23016880 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/266,997 |
Filed: |
June 28, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
5/625; 5/110;
5/626 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47C
23/14 (20130101); A61G 1/00 (20130101); A61G
1/0293 (20130101); A61G 7/1046 (20130101); A61G
1/0212 (20130101); A61G 7/1057 (20130101); A61G
1/0237 (20130101); A61G 7/1019 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47C
23/14 (20060101); A47C 23/00 (20060101); A61G
7/10 (20060101); A61G 1/00 (20060101); A61G
1/06 (20060101); A47b 083/04 (); A61g 001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;5/81-89
;297/452,457 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Nunberg; Casmir A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: James B. Kinzer et al.
Claims
I claim:
1. A flexible support comprising a sheet and a stretcher including
side bars to engage the sheet and tension same, said sheet being
formed of woven fabric having its threads angularly positioned in
relation to the length of the sheet and engaged at the edges of the
sheet on a flexible peripheral reinforcement, said sheet engaging
attachment means on the side bars at spaced intervals, said
attachment means being so spaced that at least one end of each
thread engages said reinforcement at a point remote from the spaced
attachment means, whereby the sheet can conform to the shape of a
body due to deformation of the relevant portions of the reinforced
edges of the sheet.
2. A support according to claim 1 wherein the reinforcement means
comprise a cord held in a loop at the edge of the sheet formed by
folding back the edge of the sheet and stitching.
3. A support according to claim 1 wherein the sheet has its ends
reinforced by fabric gussets in which the threads are positioned
longitudinally and transversely of the sheet.
4. A support according to claim 1 wherein the attachment of the
sheet to the side bars is by spaced buttonholes on the sheet along
the two side edges and correspondingly spaced buttons on the side
bars.
5. A support according to claim 1 wherein the tensioning of the
sheet is achieved by rotating the side bars of the stretcher after
the sheet has been attached thereto and then locking the side bars
in the tensioning position until the sheet is again to be
removed.
6. A support according to claim 1 wherein the stretcher comprises a
pair of side bars, bearing means on cross bars which bearing means
engage the side bars to space them apart, means to allow limited
rotation of the side bars, buttons on the side bars normally
upwardly disposed for engagement of the sheet edges thereon prior
to stretching of the sheet, but movable outwardly to the sheet
stretching portion by rotation of the side bars, and means to lock
the side bars in their sheet stretching position.
7. A support according to claim 6 wherein the cross bars include a
plug and socket whereby the side bars can be disengaged one from
the other.
8. A flexible support comprising a sheet and a stretcher according
to claim 1 characterised by legs adapted to engage said stretcher
and support said stretcher.
9. A flexible support comprising a sheet and a stretcher according
to claim 1 characterised by legs and by sockets on said stretcher
to engage said legs, said legs including extensions adapted to
non-rotationally engage said sockets.
Description
This invention relates to a comfortable form fitting support.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Resilient supports are well known in the art and are used in such
locations as beds, stretchers, chairs and the like.
Such resilient supports according to their usual form comprise
springs appropriately arranged on frames, or support members
tensioned between springs, or canvas mounted on frames or plastic
foam mattresses and the like, the purpose of resilient support
members for personal use being to provide a support which is
comfortable for the user and which accommodates itself to the user
under varying conditions.
However while elastic or resilient supports will deform to fit the
shape of a body lying on it, it is an inherent characteristic of
all supports which depend on elasticity or resilience that it
requires increasing force to produce increasing deformation. It
follows that while a cushion, bed or supporting material employing
the principle of resilience or elasticity may fit the form of the
body accurately yet the supporting pressure is not evenly
distributed because prominent parts of the body which project
further into the elastic medium are inevitably subjected to
correspondingly greater pressure. After a time this localised
pressure produces discomfort and it is well known that if a person
who is paralysed or who for other reasons does not move from time
to time to relieve this localised pressure, then skin over the high
pressure area will be deprived of proper blood supply and so-called
pressure sores will result and this applies to all beds or supports
which depend on resilience or elasticity. Localised pressure can,
however, be avoided by floating a body or person in water, and a
bed is in current use where a person is floated in water, but is
isolated from contact with the water by a thin flexible impermeable
film of a plastic material.
In the invention to be described a fabric is cut and attached to a
frame in such a way that with the application of very slight force
it first conforms to the shape of the body and then supports the
load of the body evenly over the whole body surface in contact with
it, the manner of support thus being quite comparable to that of
support by a fluid such as water. If a person lying on a sheet
constructed and suspended in the way to be described should move
his position, the material will again move and deform in such a way
as to fit the changed shape of the body surface applied to it, so
that it continues to apply even support to the body lying on
it.
It is the object of this invention to avoid the principle of
elasticity or resilience which is employed in almost all other beds
in common use, and thus to avoid the localised pressure on
prominent parts of the body which is an inherent consequence of all
supports which depend upon elasticity or resilience for their
conformation to body shape.
Nevertheless, and to avoid an unusual or strange sensation of lying
on a completely unsprung bed, some degree of elasticity can be
added in a variety of ways, but if used this must be applied in
such a way that it will not impede the essential feature of
deformation of the supporting fabric to body shape with very light
pressure followed by even support thereafter.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
According to my invention a fabric which can be woven or otherwise
formed of cords or cord like members having at least two series of
such cords or cord like members placed at an angle of one or the
other and such a sheet is provided with a reinforcing member around
its edge which in turn is provided with attachment member such as
button holes or the like whereby the sheet can be attached to a
rigid or semi rigid frame, the invention however residing in the
selection of the attachment points in such a manner that each cord
or cord like member which extends from an attachment point on one
side of the sheet or from near such an attachment point, terminates
on the other side at an intermediate point between attachment
points on that side so that while the attachment point adjacent the
cord at one end may be fixed in position, the other end of the same
cord is terminated in a reinforcing member for the sheet so that it
can move.
Thus as an example the sheet could have its cords or cord like
members arranged somewhat in the form of a weft and a weave of
fabric, that is one series of cords or cord like member is disposed
at right angles to the other series, and in use the sheet is
arranged with the cords or cord like members at a 45.degree. angle
to the side and ends.
It is essential that the individual cords or cord like members can
move in relation to each other at the points of crossing so that
all the cords or cord like members are free to act as supports but
at the same time while they may be fixed at one end, the other end
can move to allow the fabric to conform to the shape it
supports.
If the marginal reinforcing member is provided with button holes or
hooks or other attachment means so that it can be secured to a
support frame, then it will be realised that now all of the cords
or cord like members, although they may be fixed at one end in
relation to the frame, have their other end free to move under
influence of pressure exerted on them, but as such distant ends
attach only to the marginal reinforcing, the extent of their
movement is now controlled by the movement permitted to the
reinforcing member around the perimeter of the shee, and also by
the close or open nature of the weave of the fabric since in a
close woven fabric angular movement away from a right angle between
crossing threads will be checked by contiguous threads packing hard
one against the next. It will be realised that the extent to which
the body sinks into the supporting sheet can be limited and
controlled by either the tension on the marginal reinforcing member
or by the density of weave of the fabric itself.
Because of this staggering of the attachment points on the
reinforcing member in relation to the two sides of the sheet so far
as the cords or cord like members are concerned, it will be
realised that a much greater flexibility is possible than if for
instance a canvas or fabric were mounted so that both ends of the
individual members of the fabric were restrained in their movement,
and the basis of this invention is to provide a formfitting support
for stretchers, bedding, chairs, seats and the like in which this
principle of using cords or cord like members is used in a manner
that while one end of each cord or cord like member is is
relatively fixed in relation to a support, the other end of same is
relatively free to move in relation to the support because of its
termination in the mobile reinforcing member.
The reinforcing member can be of any convenient type and can
consist of a specially woven edge or a reinforced edge to which
however the ends of the cords or cord like members are rigidly
secured.
While such a sheet can be attached directly to a rigid support by
engaging button holes on to studs on the support or by any other
attachment means, it would of course be possible to attach it
through springs if some sensation of elasticity were required, but
the same principle will be maintained namely that the crossing
cords or cord like members of the fabric which forms the sheet will
have one end secured at or relatively close to attachment members
while the other end thereof will terminate on reinforcing means
which will allow the required independent flexibility of each of
the cords or cord like members.
Some elasticity could be incorporated in the reinforced edge in
order to prevent permanent deformation of the shape of the fabric
and thus to preserve its appearance, but it will be realised that
any powerful elastic material incorporated in the edge of the
supporting fabric would destroy the essential object of the
invention for it would act to provide elastic resistance to
deformation of the fabric and thus defeat the object of the
invention.
While the invention may be applied in various ways and to a number
of purposes, various uses will be referred to. It may, for instance
be used in hospital work as a support for a patient, as no
completely satisfactory method of moving a sick or unconscious
patient from his bed to an operating or X-ray table and back to his
bed again has been developed.
The use of the ordinary hospital trolley means two moves for the
patient, one to the trolley from bed, then from trolley to
operating table, and the same procedure is gone through when the
patient returns. Moving a patient in this way can cause shock after
an operation and occasional injury such as disc lesion in the neck.
Back injuries to the staff have also resulted from lifting heavy
patients from an awkward position.
The problem has been solved in part by the use of mobile beds which
eliminates one move, but is very expensive because all doorways and
corridors in the hospital have to be widened. Another method which
has been adopted by manufacturers of operating tables is to provide
a moble operating table top, but this does not allow for movement
to an X-ray table and both these methods still involve one move of
the patient.
The object of the present invention is to provide a suitable answer
to the above problems, the invention consisting in means to
transport the patient on a suitable sheet which is at the
appropriate time attached to a stretcher frame, preferably carried
on a suitable transport trolley.
As it is a routine part of nursing procedure for any patient to
have the sheets replaced under him, which can be done with minimal
disturbance by rolling a patient from one side to the other by a
wellknown nursing technique, the present invention uses a sheet for
the purpose of supporting and moving the patient, thus allowing
normal handling of a patient according to known hospital
routine.
There is however a problem in achieving satisfactory mounting of a
stretched sheet, and one of the principle objects of the present
invention is to provide an improved form of sheet and attachment to
a supporting frame which will result in comfort for the patient due
to the sheet being so arranged that stretch of the sheet at all
appropriate places is possible, and also ensuring that should the
sheet tear there will be no letting down of the patient with
consequent injury.
Thus the principle object of the present invention is the provision
of a stretcher and sheet which will give comfort to the patient as
well as ensuring ready and simple attachment of the sheet to the
stretcher frame to allow stretch of the sheet where required, a
further object being to arrange the attachment to give simple
tensioning of the sheet and holding of same in the required
position when attached to the frame.
The stretcher according to this invention comprises a frame having
rotatable side members on which are buttons, and a sheet which is
formed from cloth with the threads running at an angle of
approximately 45.degree. to the sides of the stretcher sheet, that
is the material is cut on the cross when the sheet is formed so
that the threads do not run longitudinal or transversely but
angularly, and if such a sheet is then attached to the frame by
providing buttonholes on the sheet which engage buttons on the
rotatable sides of the frame, the sheet will be free to flex and
deform under the weight of the patient provided that the sheet is
provided with reinforcing at the edges and is arranged so that each
thread which has one end at or near a buttonhole has its other end
positioned at a loop in the edge reinforcement.
Such a stretcher however requires to be taken from place to place
and a further object of this invention is to provide a trolley by
means of which such a stretcher can be conveniently handled,
although it is to be clear that the trolley is not limited in its
application to a stretcher of the particular type outlined and can
be applied to any transportable stretcher.
The trolley according to this invention comprises a base frame
having wheels on it and having a column at one side of the base
frame, which column supports at its top, to be axially movable in
the column, a bracket which is of U shape and therefore has a pair
of members projecting at each end of the central part of the
bracket which form forks adapted to engage in the end members of
the stretcher to firmly hold the stretcher to the bracket.
The stretcher can also be used as a bed by providing legs or
supports, or the sheet itself can be formed as part of a bed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In order however that the nature of the invention may be fully
understood an embodiment thereof will now be described with
reference to the accompanying drawings, but it is to be clear that
these are by way of example only and that the invention is defined
by the claims herein and is not limited by the illustrations.
In the drawings;
FIG. 1 is a plan of the sheet constructed according to this
invention,
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a sheet stretched on to a
frame,
FIG. 3 is a detail of the frame prior to assembly and fixing of the
parts together;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged detail showing how the rotatable bars on the
frame are limited in their rotation and locked in their holding
position when the sheet is engaged,
FIG. 5 is a transverse section of the sheet and frame,
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary section showing particualry the edge
reinforcement of the sheet which forms loops betwen the buttonhole
areas,
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing how the stretcher of FIG. 2
can be supported on and carried by a trolley, and
FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the stretcher applied as a
bed.
The cloth of the sheet 1 is, as shown particularly in FIG. 1, cut
on the cross so that one group of threads 2 runs in one direction
and the other group of threads 3 runs in the opposite direction but
both of these are at about 45.degree. to the medial line 4 of the
sheet.
The edges of the cloth are folded back at 5 and stitched and the
loop so formed has within it a fine but strong cord 6 which extends
around the sheet adjacent to its edges and forms a reinforcement
for the sheet between the buttonholes 7 which are formed in the
sheet and are adapted to engage buttons 8 fixed to rotatable side
rails 9 of the stretcher assembly shown particularly in FIG. 2,
these side rails being rotated by handles 20 as later described to
allow the side rails 9 to be turned so that first of all the
buttons are upwardly projecting to allow the edges of the sheet to
be engaged by placing the buttonholes over the buttons after which
the side rails 9 are turned to tension the sheet 1 by rolling the
edges of the sheet out and around under rotation of the side rails
9.
The side rails 9 are operated as follows:
The side rails have a reduced portion 11 in which are apertures 12
and 13, the reduced portion 11 of the rail rotating in a bearing 14
which forms part of a transverse frame later to be referred to, but
adjacent to this bearing 14 the reduced portion 11 has secured to
it a sleeve 15 which carries a pin 16 projecting through an
aperture 17 in the sleeve 15 and also through the aperture 12 in
the reduced portion 11 of the side rail 9, the pin 16 projecting
into a slot 18 in a sleeve 19 which has a handle 20 on it so that
when the handle 20 is manipulated the sleeve 19 is turned and when
the end of the slot 18 engages the pin 16 which is rigidly welded
to the member 15 and locks it to the part 11 of the side rail 9,
the side rail 9 is driven round by the handle 20 to the tensioning
position of the sheet, such movement continuing until the lock pin
22 which is permanently carried on the bearing sleeve 14, drops
into the aperture 13 in the reduced portion 11 of the siderail 9
and then locks the side rail 9 firmly in position in relation to
the frame.
Once the lock pin 22 has engaged the aperture 13 the handle is free
to be swung back because of the slot 18 in it so that it can be
turned out of the way during handling.
Inward movement of the handle 20 is checked by contact with the
projecting lug 32. With the handle in this position inward rotation
of the side rail 9 is in turn checked when the pin 16 travels to
the end of the slot 18 in the sleeve 19 which is attached to the
handle 20. In this position the buttons on the rail 9 are upwardly
projecting and cannot move further inwards. In this position when
the sheet is loaded the button holes in the sheet cannot slip off
the buttons, thus should the lock pin mechanism 22 fail in any way
and the rail 9 be rotated inwardly by the weight of a patient's
body on the sheet, then this movement will be stopped at a point
where attachment of the sheet to the side rail is still secure and
the patient will not be dropped.
The slot 23 in the sleeve 19 to which the handle 20 is attached is
merely for the purpose of allowing the lock pin 22 to move further
through an aperture 13 in the reduced portion 11 of the side rail
9, so as to ensure that there will be no accidental unlocking.
The lock pin 22 can of course be urged inwardly by spring or other
means or can simply be a sufficient weight so that it remains in
locked position as it is upwardly facing in the bearing member
14.
To allow the stretcher to be carried a slidable handle 26 is
engaged in each end, this having a collar 27 at its inner end and
an expanded portion 21 at its outer end so that the limits of
movement of the grip 26 within the end of the side rail 9 is
assured, the grip being normally positioned inwardly to be out of
the way, but capable of being drawn out a sufficient distance to
allow the stretcher to be conveniently carried. Washers of a
material such as that known under the Registered Trade Mark of
Velcro are fixed on the one side to the expanded portion 21 of the
carrying handle 26 and on the other side to the corresponding face
of the rotating handle 20 by means of their property of
adhesiveness prevent the handles 26 falling out when not required,
but allow them to be withdrawn early when needed.
The action of the above described mechanism is that after the
button holes have been engaged over the buttons, the handles 20 are
revolved outwardly and downwardly under limits of the slot 18, but
when the appropriate aperture 13 is reached the latch 22 falls and
then locks the side rails 9 against return until such time as the
latch is withdrawn to release the appropriate side rails to allow
the tension to be taken off the sheet and the sheet removed from
the frame. After this the sheet can be withdrawn from beneath the
patient in the manner of any normal bed sheet.
The transverse cross bars 28 which are welded to the sleeves 14 are
formed of steel tubing of square cross-section, but attached at one
end only and engaging a plug 29 at the other end welded to the
opposite side rail 9. In this way a plug and socket joint is
formed.
This joint can be locked by a spring loaded bolt carried on the
tubular cross bar and engaging in a socket in the plug so that the
stretcher frame can be moved and lifted without risk of falling
apart.
The cross members 28 may be padded on their upper surfaces, except
at each end, so that the head or feet of the patient is prevented
from coming in contact with the hard cross member.
In this way one member 28 will remain attached to the head of one
side rail 9 and the other member 29 to the foot end of the other
side rail of a pair. This arrangement ensures that the stretcher
frame can be assembled in only one way and totally prevents the
possibility of improper assembly. In addition the attachment of one
hinged crossed member only to each bar minimises the possibility of
injury to the patient by accidental release of the pivoted cross
member when the stretcher rail is being passed over a patient,
because it is not difficult to pay attention to the position of one
hinged member, but it is not easy to pay attention to the position
of two hinged members at the same time.
When the stretcher has been attached to the carrier it has been
found advantageous to have plug and socket joints at both ends of
each bar.
The cross members are padded on their upper surfaces to prevent the
head or feet of the patient coming in contact with the hard surface
of the bar.
A stretcher sheet as described may be about 6 feet 2 inches long
with five buttonholes along each side. The material is cut on the
cross as stated so that the strands of the material run at an angle
of approximately 45.degree. to the sides of the stretcher
sheet.
At each end of the sheet is a triangular gusset of material 30
which is let in this time with the threads of the cloth running
parallet to the edges of the sheet to provide support at each end,
that is the threads run longitudinally and transversely in relation
to the sheet to prevent inward bowing of the ends when the sheet is
stretched.
At each of the four corners of the sheet is a hole 31 which allows
access to the latches 22 of the stretcher frame.
It will be noted that the spacing of the button holes is such that
no thread in the material is supported rigidly at both ends, so
that the distortion of the material to conform to body shape is not
hampered. In a 6 foot 2 inch length with an outside width of the
stretcher bars of about 26 inches this object is attained by using
five buttonholes as stated spacing about 181/2 inches apart.
When the sheet is loaded by a person lying on it, inward movement
of the edge between buttonholes, together with movement of the
threads of the woven material away from their mean woven angle of
90.degree. to each other, allows accurate conformation to body
shape with even support.
It will be apparent that the cross cut of the material allows the
body, and in particular the spine, to lie in a natural undistorted
position. This is particularly important for cases of spinal
injury. It avoids localised pressure points or ridges. As a
corollary to these two features the sheet is comfortable to lie on
for long periods. As stated earlier, an additional advantage is a
built-in safety factor, in that, should the material weaken and
tear, the line of tear will be obliquely across the sheet so that
the patient is not dropped.
In contrast, material cut with threads orientated longitudinally
and transversely in relation to the stretcher frame, as has been
used in the past on stretcher sheets, does not allow for a flat lie
of the material unless it is supported along its whole length by
poles run in along wide hems. When this type of sheet is used
considerable space in a room is required in order to insert the
poles into the sheet. Further more, there is no "give" so that the
sheet is hard to lie on. If attachment at multiple points rather
than along the whole length is used to attach the sheet to bars,
then across each pair of points there will be a transverse tension
ridge.
In the present invention a simple cross weave is used and the
threads must be free to move and not be fused together. One
material which has been found satisfactory is a polyester
(terylene) material whose undesirable electrostatic properties can
be prevented by a dip in an antistatic bath. The material combines
the necessary features of strength, ability to withstand
laundering, and acceptable texture. With this material it is
possible to combine the necessary features of sufficient strength
to safely support a heavy patient together with a light enough
material to be acceptable as a bed sheet by the nursing staff.
Tests have shown the material to have satisfactory X-ray
translucency so that high quality X-rays can be obtained with the
patient lying on the sheet.
The reason why buttonholes are used is that they can be built into
the material and allow easy laundering. An important advantage of
buttonholes is that the method of attachment of a buttonhole to
stud or button is readily understood by all staff, and there is no
possibility of faulty assembly as may occur with straps and
buckles.
When the material is to be buttoned on the side rails 9 are rotated
so that the buttons lie in a vertical position. This renders the
buttons accessible, and the stretcher sheet can be buttoned on
without tension. Thus whatever the position of the side rails
within their possible arc of movement, if the patient is lifted it
is impossible for the stretcher sheet to be detached and for the
patient to be dropped.
It is envisaged that the transport system will be used in the
following way:
Ambulances will be supplied each with a number of these stretcher
sheets and they will also be readily available at various points in
a hospital.
One of these sheets will be laid on the ambulance stretcher before
the patient is put on it. When the patient arrives at the hospital
the stretcher frame which has been described above will be attached
to the sheet by engaging the buttonholes in the buttons and
rotating the side rails, and the patient then lifted off the
ambulance stretcher either manually or by means of a lifting
trolley which can be attached to the stretcher frames.
The patient can then be X-rayed on the stretcher itself since the
material has satisfactory properties of X-ray translucency, or the
patient can be laid on a standard X-ray table and the frame
detached and X-ray examinations carried out while the patient is
still laying on the stretcher sheet. The frame can then be
reattached and the patient transported without disturbance to
operating theatre if necessary or to the bed.
If the patient has been admitted to hospital for surgery then
before the usual pre-operative preparation and sedative injections
are given one of these stretcher sheets will be laid under the
patient. This can then be attached to a stretcher frame as
previously described and the patient transported to the operating
table where the frame will be detached and the patient will be
operated on still laying on the stretcher sheet. This same sheet
can then be used to transport the patient back to the recovery ward
and again to his bed and will only be changed when circumstances
render it desirable.
For certain operative procedures on the lower half of the body a
full length stretcher sheet could get in the way on the operating
table and a stretcher sheet divided in an upper and lower half can
be employed.
It is to be noted that a major difficulty in many transport systems
is the actual transfer of the patient to the trolley or mattress on
which the patient is carried. This is of particular importance in
cases where the patient is shocked or badly injured and especially
important if there is injury to the spine.
As stated earlier, it is always possible for a nurse to place a
sheet beneath a patient by a long established technique of rolling
a patient sideways over half of the crumpled up sheet and then
rolling the patient in the other direction while the sheet is
straightened out. This is a standard nursing manoeuvre which is
necessary for change of bedlinen in all cases, and in order to get
the patient on the transport system this is the only disturbance of
the patient which is required.
While only a basic stretcher structure has been shown, it will be
realised that the stretcher could have legs and wheels attached to
it, such as by having wheeled frame members attached to the cross
bars 28.
The trolley shown particularly in FIG. 7, has a base frame 40 have
wheels 41 on it and a column 42-43 at one side of the base frame
which column is telescopic by having a sleeve 43 engaged over the
pillar 42. The sleeve 43 carries a bracket 44 which has a pair of
forks 45 projecting at each end of the bracket 44, the forks 45
being adapted to engage in sockets 46 the end members of the
stretcher to firmly hold the stretcher to the bracket.
The bracket is however attached to the column, as stated, by means
which allow the bracket to be raised and lowered in relation to the
base frame, that is the telescopic column 42-43, and these means
can conveniently comprise a small hydraulic lift mechanism
comprising a cylinder 47 and piston and rod 48 which can readily be
operated by a lever pump 49 to raise the bracket 44 or can allow
the bracket to be lowered by appropriately bleeding the liquid
within the cylinder 47 of the hydraulic lifting mechanism, so that
when a stretcher is carried on the trolley the height of the
stretcher is readily adjustable by this mechanism, allowing the
stretcher to be lifted from a support and raised to any required
height, or lowered if that is necessary, onto a further support to
which the stretcher is to be taken.
Instead of the hydraulic ram a gas operated ram could be used using
say carbon-dioxide.
As the stretcher is simply engaged on the forks 45 of the bracket
44, it will be realised that when the stretcher has been deposited
onto a support, the trolley can simply be pulled out sideways from
the stretcher and the forks 45 will disengage from sockets 46 at
the end of the stretcher, and the trolley can be taken away until
again required to move the stretcher.
To enable the tilt of the stretcher to be adjusted, a hinge 50 is
provided between the bracket 44 and the sleeve 43 of the column and
this hinge 50 has associated with it a screw threaded rod 51
engaging a nut 52, the rod 51 having a handle 54 and engaging arms
53 so that as the handle is turned the bracket 44 tilts about the
pivot 50 in relation to the column 43. This allows the angle of
tilt about the hinge to be changed, so that for instance the head
end of the stretcher can be raised in relation to the foot end or
vice versa and all of this can be simply and effectively achieved
by simply adjusting the angle of the bracket about the column.
It is preferred to form the base of U shape so that the two end
parts of the U shaped base can have the caster wheels 41 secured
thereto to make the trolley transportable, the pillar 42 being
positioned at the centre of the base frame 40 and extending
upwardly a sufficient distance to form as a guide for the sleeve 43
disposed over the column, which, as stated, forms the height
regulating means for the bracket 44.
From the foregoing it will be realised that a simple and effective
trolley is provided which because of the U shaped base frame 40
having a telescopic column 42-43 off-set to one side, this base
frame 40 can move to beneath a bed or other support because of the
absence of any upstanding members other than the column 42-43, and
as the column supports a bracket 44 which is adjustable both in
height and in angle, which bracket has forks 45 at its ends, it
will be realised that a stretcher can readily be picked up by
engaging the forks in sockets 46 of the stretcher and then raising
the bracket to lift the stretcher clear of the bed or the like on
which it previously rested after which the stretcher can be wheeled
to any required locality and can again be lowered to its new
position and the trolley simply withdrawn by moving it transversely
of the stretcher to withdraw the forks engaging the stretcher.
Because of the overhang of the stretcher when supported on the
bracket in relation to the column, it will be realised that the
stretcher can be positioned on a table or bed or the like yet
because the base frame of the trolley also projects on the same
side as the stretcher, adequate balance of the structure is ensured
because the wheels can be positioned approximately beneath the
edges of the stretcher when the stretcher is engaged on the
trolley.
It will of course be obvious that modifications of the invention
can be effected and while a single column on a U shape base frame
is a highly advantageous form of construction, it would be possible
to use a pair of columns with raising and lowering means, in which
case the two ends of the stretcher could be independently raised
and lowered to achieve and effect somewhat similar to the raising
and lowering and tilting previously described, and while this would
obviate the need of a tilting assembly between the column and
bracket, it would require a raising and lowering device on each
column which would have to normally be independently actuated to
allow independent lifting at each end to assume a tilt if required
and therefore it is generally much more convenient to use a single
column which will give a normal horizontal raising and lowering of
the stretcher in a simple manner without any tilt taking place, but
when tilt is required this again can be quite independently
adjusted.
As stated earlier it is preferred to use such as trolley with a
stretcher of the type comprising a pair of side members joined by
hollow end members into which the forks of the bracket of the
trolley can be engaged, the stretcher being adapted to engage a
cloth in such a manner that by manipulation of the side members or
means upon the side members the cloth can be tensioned and
therefore the stretcher allows the cloth to be picked up with a
patient thereon and transported after which the patient can be
lowered to a bed or table or the like and the frame of the
stretcher withdrawn with the patient remaining on the cloth which
can then be readily removed by withdrawing it from beneath the
patient in a manner much simpler than where the stretcher itself
would need to be removed as a complete assembly.
In the case of FIG. 8 the sockets 46 of the stretcher, which as
shown have square or rectangular cross-section, engage
complementary shaped extensions 60 on legs 61 so that the stretcher
is then self-supporting and can be used as a bed. The fabric of
FIG. 1 could simply be engaged on a simple stretcher frame
comprising a rectangular frame on legs carrying the studs 8 to take
the fabric.
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