U.S. patent number 3,813,036 [Application Number 05/358,314] was granted by the patent office on 1974-05-28 for heating system.
Invention is credited to George H. Lutz.
United States Patent |
3,813,036 |
Lutz |
May 28, 1974 |
HEATING SYSTEM
Abstract
A heating system utilizing a closed oil system and a friction
element for heating the oil as the oil is forced through the
element. The oil's path is from a storage tank through the friction
element, then to the radiation units and then is returned to the
storage tank. A high temperature path and a low temperature path
are provided to improve comfort control. The heating element is
formed of woven stainless steel which is compressed in a mold to
obtain sufficient strand density to produce a high heat of
friction.
Inventors: |
Lutz; George H. (Binghamton,
NY) |
Family
ID: |
23409177 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/358,314 |
Filed: |
May 8, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
237/2R; 122/26;
138/42; 126/247 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24V
40/10 (20180501); G05D 23/1919 (20130101); F24D
7/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24D
7/00 (20060101); F24J 3/00 (20060101); G05D
23/19 (20060101); G05d 023/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;237/1R,1SL,81,2 ;122/26
;126/247 ;138/42 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wayner; William E.
Assistant Examiner: Tapolcai, Jr.; William E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Samuelson & Jacob
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or
privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. In a closed heating system utilizing a liquid as the heat
transfer medium and having storage means for storing the liquid,
pump means for pumping the liquid through the system, friction
heating means for raising the temperature of the liquid as the
liquid is pumped through the friction heating means, radiation
means for transferring heat from the liquid to the ambient
atmosphere, the friction heating means comprising:
a compressed block formed of woven metal wire and having a density
of the order of 0.28 pounds per cubic inch such that the liquid is
compelled to follow a tortuous path through the block to thereby
acquire heat due to the frictional contact with the woven metal
wire.
2. The invention of claim 1 including:
sensing means for sensing the temperature of the liquid leaving the
friction heating means; and
switching means responsive to the sensing means for diverting the
liquid flow away from the friction heating means when the
temperature is above a first predetermined value and directing said
flow through the friction heating means when the temperature is
below a second predetermined value.
3. The invention of claim 2 including:
second friction heating means connected in parallel with the
friction heating means and having a shorter tortuous path
therethrough than the friction heating means;
the switching means directing the liquid flow through the second
friction heating means when the temperature is above the first
predetermined value and directing the flow through the friction
heating means when the temperature is below the second
predetermined value.
4. The invention of claim 2 wherein:
the liuqid flow is diverted away from the radiation means when the
temperature is above the first predetermined value.
Description
The invention relates to closed heating systems utilizing a liquid
such as oil as the heat transfer medium. In particular, the
invention relates to an improved friction heating element and to a
method of making the element.
Most residential heating systems possess some or all of the
following inherent disadvantages:
1. Inefficient heat transfer.
2. Discharge of pollutants into the atmosphere.
3. Wide temperature differential in the heated area during mild
days.
Broadly, the present invention comprises a closed heating system
using a liquid such as oil as the heat transfer medium. The oil is
pumped through the system which comprises a friction heating
element and one or more radiation units which transfer the heat
from the oil to the ambient atmosphere. The friction heating
element is formed of woven metal wire such as stainless steel and
is then compressed into a cylindrical block. This provides a
tortuous path for the liquid as it is pumped through the block and
due to the frequent frictional contacts between the wires in the
block and the liquid, the liquid is heated. The heated liquid gives
off some of the heat so acquired to the ambient environment through
the radiation means.
It is an important object of the invention to provide such a system
which is economical to operate, efficient and environmentally
clean.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a heating system
for residential and industrial installation which is safe.
It is another object of the invention to provide a heating system
which may be used in industrial processing of chemicals and other
solutions.
It is a still further object of the invention to provide a friction
heating element for use in the system.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a method of
making such friction heating elements.
These and other objects, advantages, features and uses will be
apparent during the course of the following description, when taken
in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a heating system of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a friction heating element of the
invention; and
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the steps of the method of making
friction heating elements of the invention.
In the drawings, wherein, for the purpose of illustration, there
are shown preferred embodiments of the invention and wherein like
numerals designate like parts throughout the same, the numeral 10
designates a heating system of the invention generally.
System 10 is a closed system and is seen to comprise a storage tank
12 having an outlet line 14, a motor and pump 16 for pumping liquid
from tank 12 into a distribution line 18. The liquid from the
distribution line 18 is heated in friction heating element 20 or
friction heating element 22 and the heating liquid is fed through
line 24 to one or more radiation units 26 which take heat from the
heated liquid to heat the ambient atmosphere.
The liquid then returns through a line 28 to storage tank 12. To
prevent bleed feed from line 28 into tank 12 a low pressure check
valve 30 is provided near the tank. This keeps line 28 full at all
times. Control of the system is accomplished by means of a switch
32 which may be thermostatically controlled. A breather 36 is
affixed to tank 12 for the usual purposes. A pressure gage 34 is
used to monitor the pressure of the pumped liquid and may be
provided with suitable mechanisms, well known in the art, to
operate a safety switch 37 to return liquid directly to tank 12
through line 38.
In normal operation, the liquid is pumped through line 18, past
check valve 42 and into line 19. Then it proceeds through friction
heating element 20. The liquid follows a tortuous path through
element 20 and is heated therein. Its temperature is sensed by
thermostat 44 and its pressure by gage 46. Gage 46 may be used to
actuate control equipment (not shown) to shut down the system if
the pressure is outside normal limits or it may be used for
monitoring only. The operating pressure of the system should
preferably be between 800 and 2,000 psi.
Thermostat 44 may be used in several ways:
1. If there is no branch 21 and heating element 22 in the system,
it may actuate solenoid 48 to bypass element 20 when the
temperature is above a first predetermined value (too high). Then,
the liquid will return to tank 12 through line 38. When the
temperature is below a second predetermined value (too low), the
flow is directed through element 20.
2. If there is a branch 21 and an element 22 which is similar to
element 20 but smaller, a solenoid valve 50 is actuated to divert
the liquid from element 20 and direct it toward element 22. Since
element 22 is smaller than element 20, the contact between the
liquid and the wires is shorter and there is less friction and less
heat generated. Valve 51 may be operated manually or automatically
to direct the liquid from element 22 back to tank 12 through line
52 or through line 24 to the radiation units 26.
3. Thermostat 44 may direct some of the liquid through by-pass line
38 and safety switch 37 by means of solenoid valve 48 and some of
it through element 22 by means of solenoid valve 50.
The liquid used in the system is synthetic oil such as resistant
bean oil, cottonseed oil or similar products. This liquid retains
heat better than water so that the system is more efficient. For
example, 2 pounds of water at 200.degree. F dropped 40.degree. F in
15 minutes while 2 pounds of the liquid at 200.degree. F dropped
27.degree. F in 15 minutes in the same ambient environment.
By way of illustration and without limiting the scope of the
invention, I have found that using 10 pounds of No. 40 synthetic
fluid at 2,000 psi., the system generates 45,600 btu per hour and
at 1,600 psi, it generates 42,600 btu per hour. In both cases the
delivery rate was 1.28 gallons per minute and the electrical power
consumed was about 1,500 watts.
In FIG. 2 there is illustrated a friction heating element 60 which
is the same in construction as elements 20 and 22. It is formed of
woven metal wire such as stainless steel having a diameter of the
order of 0.005 inch. About 1,900 yards of the wire is woven into a
mass having a volume of about 5 cubic inches. The mass is then
placed in a mold and compressed under a pressure of the order of
25,000 psi (FIG. 3). The final compressed volume is about one-half
the woven volume.
Element 22 is formed by the method set forth above to the
preferable final dimensions of 1.2 inches in length and a base
diameter of 0.75 inch. The density is preferably of the order of
0.28 pounds per cubic inch. Element 20 is preferably an assembly of
two elements 22 in series so that the liquid is in contact with the
element over twice the length in element 20 than it is in element
22. The use of standard size elements in systems of the invention
simplifies manufacture and reduces costs.
While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown and
described, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that
modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the
invention or the scope of the subjoined claims.
* * * * *