U.S. patent number 3,811,828 [Application Number 05/278,832] was granted by the patent office on 1974-05-21 for process and device for heating and fixing an image upon a recording medium.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ricoh Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Sakae Fujimoto, Kazuhiko Kasuya, Wasaburo Ohta, Masayuki Yamauchi.
United States Patent |
3,811,828 |
Ohta , et al. |
May 21, 1974 |
PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR HEATING AND FIXING AN IMAGE UPON A RECORDING
MEDIUM
Abstract
An endless belt arranged to travel around a source of infrared
radiation is used in fixing an image on a recording medium as the
recording medium is advanced past the belt. The belt, driven in the
direction of advance of the recording medium by a drive roller
spaced away from the infrared radiation source, passes between the
infrared radiation source and the recording medium; the belt
prevents contact of the medium with the source while permitting
radiation from the source to heat and fix the image on the
advancing recording medium.
Inventors: |
Ohta; Wasaburo (Yokohama,
JA), Kasuya; Kazuhiko (Kawasaki, JA),
Fujimoto; Sakae (Tokyo, JA), Yamauchi; Masayuki
(Kawasaki, JA) |
Assignee: |
Ricoh Co., Ltd. (Tokyo,
JA)
|
Family
ID: |
26772397 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/278,832 |
Filed: |
August 8, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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85184 |
Oct 29, 1970 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
432/227; 219/216;
432/59; 101/467; 392/426 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
15/2007 (20130101); G03G 15/2064 (20130101); G03G
2215/2038 (20130101); G03G 2215/2032 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/20 (20060101); F27b 009/28 () |
Field of
Search: |
;432/60,62,228,59,9,13,227 ;219/216,354,388,411 ;34/4,1
;350/311,319 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Camby; John J.
Assistant Examiner: Yuen; Henry C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cooper, Dunham, Clark, Griffin
& Moran
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation-in-part of applicants' copending
application, Ser. No. 85,184 filed Oct. 29, 1970 (now abandoned).
Claims
1. A device for heating and fixing an image upon a recording medium
advancing in a given direction along a defined path, comprising
a. heating means comprising a source of infrared radiation for
directing said radiation toward an image-bearing surface of a
recording medium advancing along said path;
b. an endless belt substantially transmissive to infrared radiation
for prohibiting contact of the recording medium with said source
while permitting said radiation to heat and fix an image on the
medium, said belt being disposed adjacent said path between said
path and said source;
c. means for driving said belt in said given direction, said belt
being arranged to travel around said heating means and said driving
means;
d. a guide member disposed in opposed relation to said heating
means with respect to said belt;
e. said source being a source of radiant energy disposed in spaced
relation to said belt; and
f. a condenser lens interposed between said radiant energy source
and said endless belt for condensing radiant energy from said
source through said
2. A device for heating and fixing an image upon a recording medium
advancing in a given direction along a defined path, comprising
a. heating means comprising a source of infrared radiation for
directing said radiation toward an image-bearing surface of a
recording medium advancing along said path;
b. an endless belt substantially transmissive to infrared radiation
for prohibiting contact of the recording medium with said source
while permitting said radiation to heat and fix an image on the
medium, said belt being disposed adjacent said path between said
path and said source;
c. means for driving said belt in said given direction, said belt
being arranged to travel around said heating means and said driving
means;
d. a guide member disposed in opposed relation to said heating
means with respect to said belt; and
e. supplemental heating means for heating said guide member to and
maintaining said member at an elevated temperature lower than the
temperature required for fixing the image on the recording medium,
said supplemental heating means comprising a transparent member
interposed between said first-mentioned heating means and said belt
in facing relation to said guide member, and means in said
transparent member for
3. In apparatus for heating and fixing an image upon a recording
medium, in combination,
a. means for guiding an image-bearing recording medium in a given
direction along a defined path;
b. heating means comprising a source of infrared radiation for
directing said radiation toward an image-bearing surface of a
recording medium advancing along said path;
c. an endless belt substantially transmissive to infrared radiation
for prohibiting contact of the recording medium with said source
while permitting said radiation to heat and fix an image on the
medium, said belt being disposed adjacent said path between said
path and said source;
d. means for driving said belt in said given direction, said
heating means, said belt and said guiding means being mutually
disposed and adapted such that an image formed on a recording
medium advancing along said path is exposed to and fixed by heat
from said belt;
e. said heating means being disposed and adapted to heat
preferentially the portion of said belt positioned at a locality
close to said path, and said belt being arranged to move between
said first-mentioned locality and a second locality spaced away
from said heating means, the preferentially heated portion of the
belt being interposed between said heating means and said path;
and
f. means disposed adjacent said heating means for guiding said belt
past said heating means and in spaced relation thereto, said
heating means comprising a source of radiant energy, and said
belt-guiding means being a fixed transparent member interposed
between said radiant energy source and said belt and engaging said
belt and adapted to permit transmission of radiant energy from said
energy source to said belt.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the heating and fixing of an image
upon a recording medium and more specifically to procedure and
apparatus for fixing a visible image by heat in a dry
electrophotographic process or in a thermographic process.
Heat is generally employed for fixing a visible image such as (for
example) an image formed by toner containing easily fusible resin
in a dry electrophotographic process. In a typical heat-fixing
procedure, the image is heated to a temperature between
100.degree.C and 150.degree.C, so as to be fused, by exposure to an
infrared ray lamp, a halogen lamp, a nichrome wire, or other
suitable heat source. However, this procedure has disadvantages in
that the time required for raising the temperature of the visible
image to a fixing temperature is relatively long; the thermal
efficiency is low; and other parts of the apparatus are heated. To
overcome these problems, there have been proposed various methods,
but none has been particularly successful in reducing the rise time
for reaching the fixing temperature and accomplishing fully
satisfactory fixing at high speed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One of the objects of the present invention is to overcome the
problems of the prior art processes and devices described
above.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an
arrangement in which a recording medium is kept out of direct
contact with a heating means and is prevented from being
overheated.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an
arrangement for preventing adherence of toner to an endless belt,
in a device utilizing such belt for protecting the recording medium
from contact with heating means.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an
arrangement, in a device of the character just mentioned, for
facilitating the easy removal of any toner that may become adhered
to the endless belt.
Another object of the present invention is to prevent overheating
of the endless belt.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a nonadhesive
endless belt is used in heating an image formed by heat-fixable
toner upon a recording medium as the medium is advanced along a
defined path past the belt. The endless belt travels around a
heating means, e.g., a source of infrared radiation incorporated in
a heating roller or disposed in proximity to a belt-engaging guide
element. The belt also travels around a drive roller which is
spaced apart from the heating roller or guide element so that the
belt may be suitably cooled by the time it returns to the locality
of the infrared radiation source during each cycle of belt travel,
i.e., to prevent overheating of the belt. The belt, which is driven
in the direction of advance of the recording medium, may be brought
into direct contact with the recording medium or may be spaced
apart therefrom by a suitable distance. Preferably a rotary
cleaning brush may be in contact with the belt for removal of any
toner and/or other contaminants that may become adhered to the
belt. This arrangement is especially advantageous when the belt is
brought into direct contact with the recording medium.
Stated in other words, in the method and device of the present
invention, an image to be fixed is directly heated with infrared
radiation from an appropriate source that directs the radiation
through a moving belt toward the image as an image-bearing
recording medium advances along a defined path. The function of the
belt in the present invention is to prohibit contact of the
recording medium with the infrared radiation source while
permitting radiation from the source to heat and fix the image on
the medium. That is to say, the belt is of such character as to
permit significant transmission of infrared radiation therethrough,
i.e., from the source onto the image-bearing recording medium, so
that radiation from the source can pass through the belt to heat
the image directly, as desired to achieve especially rapid heating.
The belt itself is also heated by the source, and heat radiated
(when the belt is spaced from the recording medium) or conducted
(when the belt is in contact with the recording medium) from the
belt cooperates with infrared radiation transmitted through the
belt from the source in heating the toner image on the recording
medium.
A supplemental or preliminary heating means may be provided in
order to improve the temperature rise of the endless belt, and
thereby to enhance the fixing speed, by preheating the belt to a
constant predetermined temperature so that the belt temperature may
be essentially immediately further raised by the principal heat
source to a temperature for cooperating in fusing the toner.
While illustrative reference has been made above to the heating of
images formed by toner, a device in accordance with the present
invention may be used for heating a heat-sensitive substance such
as, for example, a heat-sensitive paper or a stencil.
The present invention will become more apparent from the following
description of the preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with
the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a sectional side elevational view of one type of prior
art device for heating and fixing an image upon a recording
medium;
FIG. 2 is a sectional side elevational view of a device embodying
the present invention in a particular form;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of another embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of a further embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 5 is a similar view of still another embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 6 is a similar view of a further embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 7 is a sectional side elevational view of a second form of
prior art device for heating and fixing an image on a recording
medium;
FIG. 8 is a similar view of another prior art device similar to
that of FIG. 7 but incorporating a stationary guide;
FIG. 9 is a sectional side elevational view of a further embodiment
of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a similar view of another embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 11 is a further similar view of another embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 12 is a still further similar view of another embodiment of
the invention;
FIG. 13 is another similar view of another embodiment of the
invention; and
FIG. 14 is a still further similar view of another embodiment of
the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In FIG. 1 to FIG. 14, same parts are designated by same reference
numerals.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagrammatic view illustrating a prior art
heating and fusing device. A visible image (toner image) 2 to be
fixed is formed upon a recording medium 1. The recording medium 1
is, for example, an electrophotosensitive member coated with a
special zinc oxide with resin binder, an electrostatic recording
member or an ordinary paper upon which is transferred a visible
image. Upon advancement of the recording medium 1 in the direction
indicated by the arrow a, the radiation rays from a heat source 3
such as an infrared ray heater heat the toner image 2 and fuse and
fix it to the recording medium 1. The heater 3 is provided with a
reflector 4 in order to attain a high thermal efficiency. The
recording medium is advanced upon a guide 5 by a belt (not shown)
and feed rollers (also not shown) located in the forward side and
in the rear side of the heating and fusing device. The disadvantage
of this arrangement is that the toner image 2 absorbs a large
amount of heat from the heater 3, so that the recording medium 1 is
expanded or compressed. Therefore, the recording medium 1 is curled
and brought into contact with the heater 3 so that the recording
medium 1 is burnt or scorched.
FIG. 2 illustrates a device embodying the present invention and
adapted to heat and fix a toner image on a recording medium such as
the image 2 on medium 1 already described with reference to FIG. 1.
This device includes a source 3 of infrared radiation partially
surrounded by a reflector 4 to enhance thermal efficiency. The
recording medium 1 bearing the toner image 2 is advanced in the
direction indicated by the arrow a upon a guide member 5 by
suitable means (not shown), again as in the device of FIG. 1. The
reflector 4 directs radiant energy from the source 3 toward the
recording medium upon guide member 5.
In accordance with the invention, in the device of FIG. 2 there is
provided an endless belt 6 fabricated of a material which is
substantially transmissive to infrared radiation from source 3,
which is thermostable at the temperatures encountered in operation
of the device, and which is non-adhesive. One example of a suitable
type of belt is a belt made of polyfluoroethylene fiber. Another
example, having similar effectiveness for fixing toner images, is a
belt having a thickness of about 0.5 mm. made of the material
commercially available under the trade name "Daiflon," manufactured
by Daikin Kogyo KK. The belt is wrapped around a drive roller 7 and
a pair or guide rollers 8 and 9. The guide rollers are disposed in
adjacent relation to the infrared radiation source 3 on opposite
sides thereof, respectively, while the drive roller 7 is spaced
apart from the source 3 and from the guide member 5 for the
recording medium. The belt is driven, by the drive roller, in the
direction indicated by arrow b at the same speed as that of the
recording medium 1 advancing in the direction a.
As the recording medium 1 advances upon the guide member 5 along
the defined path indicated by arrow a, the portion of the belt 6
between the guide rollers 8 and 9 is advancing in the same
direction and at the same speed, this portion of the belt being
then interposed between the source 3 and the recording medium 1
upon the guide member 5. That is to say, the source 3 and guide
member 5 are positioned in opposed relation with respect to the
belt 6. The source 3 directs infrared radiation through the portion
of the belt advancing between the rollers 8 and 9, and the toner
image 2 on the correspondingly advancing recording medium 1 is
fused and fixed by this radiation which passes through the belt. At
the same time, radiant energy from source 3 heats the portion of
the belt interposed between the source and the recording medium,
and heat radiated from the belt (i.e., when the belt is spaced from
the recording medium) cooperates with the radiation transmitted
through the belt (directly from the source) in heating and fusing
the toner image; if the belt is arranged to be in contact with the
recording medium, heat conducted from the belt cooperates with
radiant infrared energy passing through the belt from the source in
heating and fusing the image. As the heated belt then travels away
from the source 3 and over the drive roller 7, which is spaced
apart from the source, it loses heat; in this way, excessive
heating of the belt is prevented, because during each complete
traverse the belt is carried away from the source 3 owing to the
disposition of roller 7 in relation to the source 3.
The belt, during its advance between the rollers 8 and 9, may
either be pressed against the recording medium 1 or spaced apart
therefrom. If the belt were stationary, especially when in contact
with the recording medium, the fusing toner image would tend to
adhere to the belt and thereby might be distorted; furthermore, if
the belt were stationary, the high temperature to which it would be
heated by the source 3 would subject the belt to expansion and
contraction adversely affecting the durability of the belt. These
problems are avoided by operating the drive roller to rotate the
belt in the manner described above.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, a condenser lens 10 is
interposed between the source 3 and the endless belt 6 for
directing radiation from the source through the belt, thereby
preventing the dispersion of the radiant energy and improving the
thermal efficiency.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, a preliminary or
supplementary heater 11 (shown as replacing, and serving the
function of, guide member 5) is located in opposed relation to the
source 3 in order to prevent delay in temperature rise owing to
heat absorption by the recording medium 1. The preliminary heater
11 is heated by a heating element 12 to a temperature from
50.degree. - 90.degree.C, or to a temperature about 20.degree.C
lower than the fusing temperature of the toner. Therefore, when the
recording medium 1 is fed between the endless belt 6 and the
preliminary heater 11, it may be immediately heated so that its
temperature rise may be improved. The endless belt 6 is
continuously cleaned by a cleaning device 13 and is applied with a
charge of polarity opposite to that of the toner image 2 so that
the toner may be easily removed from the endless belt 6. The
cleaning device is, for example, a brush, a soft roller, etc. In
addition, a thermostable agent for preventing the adhesion of the
toner image, such as silicon oil, may be applied upon the endless
belt 6.
FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which a member
16 formed of thermostable glass (i.e., a glass that is thermostable
at the temperatures encountered in operation of the device) is
interposed between the infrared radiation source 3 and the belt 6,
and has incorporated in it a preliminary or supplementary heating
means. Specifically, in FIG. 5 the member 16 incorporates a portion
17 of the glass commercially available under the trade name "Nesa"
which is an electrically conductive glass. Current from a suitable
source (not shown) is made to flow through the conductive glass
surface 17 in order to generate the Joule heat. The recording
medium 1 is brought into contact with the belt 6 and is advanced in
the direction indicated by the arrow a at the same speed as that of
the belt 6 by feed rollers 14.
FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment having a heating element 18
comprising a nichrome wire embedded in grooves of the thermostable
glass member 16. In other respects, the device of FIG. 6 is similar
to that shown in FIG. 5.
The spacing between the belt 6 and the recording medium 1 may be 0
to 20 mm. If the recording medium 1 is made of a paper which tends
to be deformed by heat, the feed rollers 14 may be made of an
elastic substance and the recording medium may be advanced in
contact with the belt 6. When the recording medium 1 is made of a
metal or metal laminate which will not be deformed by heat, it is
preferable to provide a spacing between the belt 6 and the
recording medium 1.
The prior art heating and fusing device shown in FIG. 7 employs a
roller 14 for feeding the recording medium instead of the fixed
guide 5 shown in FIG. 1. The prior art device illustrated in FIG. 8
is similar to that of FIG. 7 but includes a fixed guide 15
interposed between the infrared radiation source 3 and the path of
advance of the recording medium 1. Because the guide 15 is held
stationary, it is heated to a high temperature. Consequently, its
durability is adversely affected. Furthermore, toner tends to
adhere to the guide 15 and as a result the image on the recording
medium may be distorted when it makes contact with the guide
15.
FIGS. 9 - 14 illustrate further embodiments of the present
invention employing an endless infrared radiation-transmissive belt
6 in order to eliminate the defects encountered in the prior art
device of the type shown in FIG. 8. In the device illustrated in
FIG. 9, the endless belt 6 is wrapped around the rollers 7, 8 and 9
and the recording medium 1 is fed between the flat undersurface of
the endless belt 6 and the feed roller 14 so that the toner image
may be fused by the radiation rays irradiated from the infrared
source 3, which pass through the belt to melt the toner image
directly.
In the embodiments of FIGS. 10 - 13, a transparent member 16
interposed between the source 3 and the belt 6 serves as a guide
for the belt in place of the guide rollers 8 and 9 and may also
serve as a concentrating lens and/or supplementary heating means.
The device of FIG. 10 includes a curved guide member 16 replacing
the rollers 8 and 9 of FIG. 9. This member 16 is made of a material
such as a glass commercially available under the trade name "Pyrex"
having a small coefficient of friction, and the belt 6 is wrapped
around the stationary guide member 16. In this embodiment, the
infrared source 3 is surrounded by the reflector 4 and the curved
guide member 16 so that the thermal efficiency may be further
improved.
In the device illustrated in FIG. 11, instead of the curved guide
member 16 shown in FIG. 10, a partially cylindrical lens is
employed so that the radiation rays from the source 3 may be
concentrated through the belt along a line or in the form of a band
upon the recording medium.
In the device illustrated in FIG. 12, the thermostable glass member
16 has an electroconductive "Nesa" glass portion 17 which is
energized so that the glass 16 may be preheated to a temperature of
50.degree. - 80.degree.C.
In the device illustrated in FIG. 13, a suitable heating element 18
such as nichrome wire is embedded in the thermostable glass 16 so
that it may be preheated to a temperature of 50.degree. -
80.degree.C.
In the device shown in FIG. 14, the reflector 4 is used as a guide
member for the endless belt 6 so that the infrared radiation source
3 may be placed in a closely spaced apart relation relative to the
feed roller 14. Consequently, the fixing process may be
accomplished with lower wattage. In this embodiment, the
preliminary heater such as one shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 may be
eliminated.
The feed roller 14 for transporting the recording medium 1 has
preferably a peripheral speed equal to that of the endless belt
6.
* * * * *