U.S. patent number 3,811,531 [Application Number 05/312,317] was granted by the patent office on 1974-05-21 for silencer.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Safety Vehicles Development AB. Invention is credited to Jan Robert Fleming Forssman.
United States Patent |
3,811,531 |
Forssman |
May 21, 1974 |
SILENCER
Abstract
A muffler or silencer, preferably for motor vehicles, adapted to
be mounted to the exhaust pipe of an exhaust gas system. The
silencer comprises a casing having arranged therein a number of
means arranged to impede the passage of a major part of the gas
flow and to re-direct said part gas flow rearwardly. Gas
through-flow openings are provided at alternate ends of the gas
flow re-directing means, between said ends and the casing walls.
The arrangement of the through-flow openings is such as to force
the gas flow to follow a zig-zag path, and baffle means may be
arranged, if desired. The whole device may be made from a heat
resistant plastics material.
Inventors: |
Forssman; Jan Robert Fleming
(Vallingby, SW) |
Assignee: |
Safety Vehicles Development AB
(Stocksund, SW)
|
Family
ID: |
20300961 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/312,317 |
Filed: |
December 5, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Dec 6, 1971 [SW] |
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15632/71 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
181/258 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01N
1/082 (20130101); F01N 1/083 (20130101); F01N
1/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F01N
1/10 (20060101); F01N 1/08 (20060101); F01n
001/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;181/33E,33L,49,50,53,57,58,61,63,68,70 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
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290,737 |
|
May 1928 |
|
GB |
|
167,375 |
|
Jun 1950 |
|
OE |
|
454,836 |
|
Jan 1928 |
|
DD |
|
303,997 |
|
Jan 1929 |
|
GB |
|
350,666 |
|
Jul 1937 |
|
IT |
|
Primary Examiner: Wilkinson; Richard B.
Assistant Examiner: Gonzales; John F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Young and Thompson
Claims
1. A silencer for motor vehicles, comprising a casing of glass
fiber reinforced, heat resistant polyester plastics and having
rectangular cross section, said casing forming a tubular body
having end walls at its ends and an inlet at one end and an outlet
at the other end of said casing, a first and a second acoustic
chamber being located between a pair of axially spaced baffle walls
of plastics material, each of said baffle walls being perforated in
a predetermined area to admit through-flow of gases, said baffle
walls being integral with the casing and mounted in spaced
relationship to the respective end wall to define an inlet chamber
and an outlet chamber respectively, at least one of the acoustic
chambers containing sound absorbing material, a number of rigid
partition walls of plastics material being integral with the walls
of the casing and guiding the gas flow in a predetermined path
between the two acoustic chambers, each partition wall extending
between and being connected to two opposite walls of the casing and
being connected at one end to one of the other two opposite casing
walls and being disposed outside said sound absorbing material,
whereas the opposite end of the partition wall forms a straight
edge located in spaced relationship to the adjacent casing wall to
form a through-flow opening, said through-flow openings being
located alternately at opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of
the casing to provide a zigzag flow of gases through the casing,
each partition wall having a generally curved cross section with
its concave side facing the inlet end of the casing and comprising
a leg portion connected at its one end to the casing and merging at
its other end into a reversing partition wall portion directed
generally towards the inlet end of the casing to provide a pocket
for locally redirecting the flow before it passes the free edge of
the partition wall and thereafter again is redirected to enter into
the adjacent through-flow opening, said perforated areas of said
baffle walls being offset relative to the lengthwise axis of the
casing to provide in each acoustic chamber an oblique flow path
smoothly connected to the said zigzag flow path.
Description
The present invention relates to a silencer or muffler, especially
for use in motor vehicles, comprising a casing provided with an
inlet and an outlet and being capable of being coupled to an
exhaust system, said casing having mounted therein partition walls
arranged to influence the flow of exhaust gases through the casing,
there being arranged at opposite side walls of the casing
alternatingly located through-flow openings for the gas and at
least one of said partition walls having a curved portion which
together with the casing defines a slot-like through-flow opening
for the gas.
The object of the present invention is to provide a novel silencer
of the type described which combines an extremely high degree of
sound damping with a very low resistance to the flow of exhaust
gases. Another object is to provide a novel silencer of the type
described which is of simple and durable construction. These
objects are achieved by means of the inventive silencer or muffler
which is mainly characterized in that it is made of a heat
resistant plastics material, preferably polyester resins, and in
that the partition wall presents a curved portion and that the
concave side of which is directed generally towards the inlet end
of the casing, thus causing the gas stream to be re-directed
towards the inlet end of the casing before passing through the
slot-like through-flow opening.
One explanation -- borne out by practical tests -- as to why the
silencer of the present invention has a substantially lower
resistance to the flow of exhaust gases than silencers of
conventional construction is that the curved walls, which because
of their curvature catch the flow of gas passing through the
casing, eliminate or substantially reduce the occurrence of
turbulence in the gas stream and impart a generally laminar flow to
the gases. Associated with the laminar character of the gas stream
is the surprisingly low level of sound obtained.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference
to a number of embodiments thereof illustrated in the accompnaying
drawing, in which
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate in longitudinal section two alternative
embodiments of the silencer according to the invention,
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the silencer shown in FIG. 2,
and
FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate in longitudinal section two further
variations of a silencer constructed in accordance with the
invention.
In FIGS. 1-5 the reference numeral 1 indicates a cylinder or casing
1 in which are arranged or mounted one or more intermediate walls
adapted to influence the flow path of the exhaust gases and
therewith to reduce the level of the sound caused thereby. The
casing 1 can be coupled to the exhaust pipe of a motor vehicle for
example by means of connectors 2a and 2b.
In accordance with the basic concept of the invention, the silencer
illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises an intermediate wall 4 which is
curved in a manner such that the gases flowing through the silencer
are caught by the wall and passed generally rearwardly. The end of
the wall 4 terminates short of the inner surface of the casing 1 to
form an opening 5 through which gases can pass to beyond the
wall.
With the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the wall 4 is of planar
construction and has a portion 6 which is inclined relative to the
longitudinal direction of the silencer and a curved portion 7, the
portion 7 to advantage being of arcuate or circular configuration.
It should be noted that the area of the planar, inclined portion 6
is much greater than the area of the curved portion 7.
The curved portion 7 should be smoothly rounded and have a
curvature radius of the order of one fifth to four fifths,
preferably one third to two thirds, and suitably about one half the
inner cross-width or diameter of the casing 1.
In accordance with one special feature of the invention, one or
more further partition walls acting as baffle means are arranged in
front of and/or behind the curved wall 4 and are adapted to direct
the gas stream away from the opening 5 and to extend the path of
the gases through the casing 1. With the illustrated embodiment,
arranged in front of and behind the wall 4, as seen in the general
direction of flow of the gas through the silencer, is a baffle
means 8 and a baffle means 9, respectively. With this embodiment,
each of the baffle means 8, 9 comprises a simple partition wall
structure having arranged therein gas through-flow openings 10 and
11, respectively. In accordance with the invention, the opening 10
in the baffle wall 8 located in front of the wall 4 and the
openings 11 in the baffle wall 9 behind said wall are located close
to or adjacent the side wall 12 of the casing 1 or the portion of
the casing opposite the side wall 13, or the portion of the casing
adjacent to which the gas through-flow opening 5 defined by the end
of the wall 4 and the inner surface of the casing is located. In
this way, the gas stream is imparted a substantially zig-zag
pattern of movement, as indicated by the flow arrows in the Figure.
With the illustrated embodiment, the through-flow openings 10 and
11 of the baffles 8, 9 comprise a number of small holes disposed in
tightly packed relationship so that the total area presented
thereby provides a suitable through-flow opening for the gas.
FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment in which two intermediate
partition walls 14 and 15 are attached in zig-zag fashion to
opposing portions or walls 12 and 13 of the casing 1, wherewith gas
through-flow openings 16 and 17 are formed alternately between the
walls 14, 15 and opposing sides or portions 12 and 13 of the
casing. It should be observed that the openings 11 in the baffle 9
located behind the walls 14 and 15, as seen in the gas through-flow
direction, are located in the proximity of the casing portion 13,
and that the gas outlet, comprising a connection means 2b, is
located in the proximity of the opposite portion 12 of said casing
so that the gas stream is guided in a zig-zag pattern as
illustrated by the flow arrows.
The wall 15 mounted downstream of the gas flow path through the
silencer is arranged to capture the gas passing the wall 14,
located upstream of said gas path, and to pass the gas generally
rearwardly. It will readily be perceived that the casing can be
provided with more than two intermediate walls. The position and
angle of inclination of the baffle wall 9 and also the position of
the connecting means 2b in relation to the end wall of the casing
depends on the number of intermediate walls arranged in said
casing. It is also possible to make the straight portions of the
walls 14 and 15 in FIG. 2 substantially parallel to each other.
Reference is now made to FIG. 3 which illustrates one of several
possible cross-sectional shapes of the casing 1, namely a
rectangular cross-sectional shape. In addition to the
aforementioned sides 12 and 13, the casing may also comprise two
sides 18 and 19 of shorter length than sides 12 and 13 to form the
illustrated rectangular cross-sectional shape. In accordance with
the invention, the intermediate wall 14, similarly to the remaining
intermediate walls, may suitably be sealingly connected to the
three sides or walls 12, 18 and 19 of the casing while leaving the
through-flow opening 16 between the intermediate wall and the wall
13 of said casing.
Although FIG. 3 illustrates a casing of rectangular cross-section,
it is obvious that other cross-sectional shapes are conceivable,
such as for example a square cross-section, circular, oval or even
polygonal cross-section. Irrespective of the cross-sectional shape
of the casing, it is desirable that the sides of the intermediate
walls arranged in the casing are firmly connected to or at least
touch the inner surface of the casing, with the exception of the
side defining part of the through-flow opening.
A generatris of the curved portion 7 of the intermediate wall 6 in
FIG. 1 or the corresponding curved portions of the intermediate
walls 14 and 15 of FIG. 2 is constantly parallel with itself and
preferably also with one or two of the walls of the casing, in the
illustrated cases the walls 12 and 13.
Reference is now made to FIG. 4 which illustrates an embodiment
with which the silencer includes two baffle means 25 and 26, each
of which includes at least two baffle walls 27 and 28 having
through-flow openings disposed therein, said walls forming together
with portions of the casing a container-like chamber 29 within the
casing 1. As illustrated in the Figure, the chamber 29 may be of
triangular configuration, or may be constructed to present some
other configuration. Thus, it is not necessary that the walls 27
and 28 join at a common point, but can be separated from each
other, although attached to the inner surface of the casing.
In accordance with one feature of the invention, the spaces formed
between the baffle walls and portions of the casing can be either
completely or partially filled with sound absorbing material such
as mineral wool or steel wool.
In accordance with the basic concept of the invention, an inlet
opening 30 leading to a chamber 29 formed between the intermediate
walls 27 and 28 and a casing portion 25 is located close to or
adjacent the portion 13 of the casing opposite the portion 12
adjacent to which an outlet opening 31 of the chamber is located.
In turn, the outlet 31 is located opposite that portion of the
casing adjacent to which a gas through-flow opening 32 is located
between said casing and an intermediate wall 33.
The positioning of the upper baffle means 26 and its inlet and
outlet openings depends on the number of intermediate walls
arranged in the casing. With the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4,
the intermediate wall 33 is curved along the whole of its
length.
FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment where the casing is provided with
three intermediate walls 34, 35 and 36, each of which is curved
along the whole of its length. Arranged upstream of the
intermediate walls is a baffle means 37, while a baffle means 38 is
located downstream of said walls. With this embodiment, only the
baffle means 38 located downstream of the intermediate walls is
filled with sound absorbing material, while the baffle means
located upstream of said walls is empty. It should be observed that
the first baffle means 37 is inverted with respect to the first
baffle means 25 illustrated in FIG. 4, and with respect to the
direction in which the point of the triangle extends relative to
the adjacent intermediate wall. Thus, the narrowing portion of the
space formed by the baffle means is directed towards the casing
portion 13 which together with the end of the intermediate wall 34
constitutes the gas through-flow opening. The baffle means 38 is
also inverted relative the baffle means 26 in FIG. 4, and an odd
number of intermediate walls is arranged in the embodiment of FIG.
6, as also in the embodiment of FIG. 4. The inlet opening 39 of the
baffle means 37 is located in the proximity of the narrowing
portion of the space formed by said baffle means, while the outlet
opening 40 of said baffle means is located on the opposite side of
the arrangement and remote from the opening 39.
In accordance with the invention, the casing, the intermediate
walls and the baffle means may be made from heat resistant plastics
material which may be reinforced to advantage with glass fibres or
any other suitable reinforcing material. When such heat resistance
plastics material is used, the intermediate walls and the baffle
means, when embodied, should be fusion welded to the inner surface
of the casing. When other material is used such as conventional
sheet metals, for example, the intermediate walls and the baffle
means may be secured by conventional welding techniques or by other
appropriate methods.
In accordance with a special feature of the invention, the
connecting means mounted on the casing 1 may comprise two or more
concentrically arranged, although longitudinally displaced pipe
portions of mutually different width or diameter. An embodiment of
such connecting means is illustrated in FIG. 1. Thus, the
connecting means 2a comprises a first pipe portion 41 located
nearest the housing 1 and having the smallest width or diameter, a
second pipe portion 42 of slightly larger diameter, and a third
pipe portion 43 or larger diameter than the pipe portions 41 and
42, respectively. The advantage of such a connecting means is that
the silencer in question can be connected to exhaust pipes of
different dimensions in a simple and convenient manner. The exhaust
pipe in question can be inserted in the outermost pipe portion 43
and, if too narrow to be sealingly accommodated by said pipe
portion, can be moved through the connecting means until it is
sealingly held by a pipe portion of the proper diameter or width.
The pipe portions located externally of the appropriate pipe
portion can then be removed as by sawing and the pipe connected to
the silencer. Thus, the disadvantages encountered with the many
different dimensions of conventional exhaust pipes, particularly
motor vehicles exhaust pipes, is eliminated.
Instead of a connecting device whose diameter progressively
increases in a direction outwardly from the casing 1, it is
naturally also possible to construct a connecting means whose
diameter is progressively smaller in a direction outwardly from
said casing. It is also possible to construct the connecting means
with more than three or four pipe portions illustrated in FIG.
1.
The amount of heat absorbed in a silencer from the throughflowing
gases is dependent upon the type of flow in the silencer. If, as in
the inventive silencer, the flow is generally laminar, the heat
absorption is reduced, which is advantageous for the durability of
the silencer.
Tests have indicated that by using plastics material, especially
polyester plastics, in the silencer it is possible to simplify the
manufacturing process to an extent not possible with conventionally
used metallic materials. Equally important, however, is that by
changing from conventional materials to plastics material an
improvement in noise reduction is obtained, the explanation of
which probably lies in the specific properties characteristic for
the plastics material.
Although the invention has been described with reference to a
number of embodiments thereof, the invention is not restricted to
such embodiments but can be modified within the scope of the
claims. Thus, the geometric shape of the intermediate walls and the
baffle means can be modified without detracting from the desired
efficiency of the device.
* * * * *