U.S. patent number 3,811,135 [Application Number 05/317,245] was granted by the patent office on 1974-05-21 for flush control system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Mansfield Sanitary Inc.. Invention is credited to Alfred J. Drouhard, Jr., John R. Weeks, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,811,135 |
Drouhard, Jr. , et
al. |
May 21, 1974 |
FLUSH CONTROL SYSTEM
Abstract
A flush system particularly adapted for toilets from which waste
in pneumatically evacuated. A flush valve selectively admits flush
fluid, under pressure, into the system. A portion of the flush
fluid admitted to the system is directed into the toilet bowl to
serve as a prerinse, a flush rinse and, to some extent, an after
rinse; a portion is directed to actuate a soil discharge valve;
and, a portion is directed to fill the reservoir compartment of an
accumulator to serve as the bowl prefill for the subsequent use
cycle. In both the soil discharge valve and the accumulator the
flush fluid must overcome a predetermined resistance. The operation
of the soil discharge valve and the accumulator are not only
related to each other by virtue of their predetermined resistance
to actuation in response to the pressure of the flush fluid but are
also related to the period of time during which the flush valve
remains open either by timing the open stage of the flush valve or
by making the closure of the flush valve responsive to the pressure
of the flush fluid within the system itself.
Inventors: |
Drouhard, Jr.; Alfred J.
(Mansfield, OH), Weeks, Jr.; John R. (Mansfield, OH) |
Assignee: |
Mansfield Sanitary Inc.
(Perrysville, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
23232777 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/317,245 |
Filed: |
December 21, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
4/435 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E03D
5/02 (20130101); E03D 5/012 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E03D
5/012 (20060101); E03D 5/02 (20060101); E03D
5/00 (20060101); E03d 011/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;4/10,12,17,41,67R,67A,76,70,79,78,89,90,81,92,77,91,110,111,115,249,52,61 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Artis; Henry K.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hamilton, Renner & Kenner
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A flush system comprising; a toilet having a bowl portion and a
drain, a flush valve, conduit means to direct flush fluid from
downstream with respect to said flush valve into the bowl portion
of said toilet, a soil discharge valve selectively to open and
close said drain, means to open and close said soil discharge valve
in response to the pressure of the flush fluid in said system, an
accumulator, a plunger assembly in the form of a piston and a
bellows, said bellows being secured within said accumulator to
divide said accumulator into a reservoir compartment and a closed
compartment and to effect a seal therebetween, said piston being
movable within said accumulator to delineate the volumetric
capacity of said reservoir compartment, means to conduct flush
fluid from downstream with respect to said flush valve into said
reservoir compartment and from said reservoir compartment into the
bowl portion of said toilet, and means within said closed
compartment resiliently biasing said plunger assembly to discharge
the flush from said reservoir compartment.
2. A flush system, as set forth in claim 1, in which said soil
discharge valve comprises; a first diaphragm compartment, an inlet
and exhaust port communicating with each other across said
diaphragm compartment, an anvil means located in said first
diaphragm compartment between said inlet and exhaust ports, a
diaphragm secured within said first diaphragm compartment, a second
diaphragm compartment, a second diaphragm secured within said
second diaphragm compartment to define a first and second chamber
in said second diaphragm compartment, means connecting said first
diaphragm to move in response to movement of said second diaphragm,
conduit means to direct flush fluid from downstream with respect to
said flush valve into said second chamber, and means in said first
chamber to apply a continuously biasing pressure against said
second diaphragm.
3. A flush system, as set forth in claim 2, further comprising; a
source of fluid pressure, and conduit means connecting said source
of fluid pressure to said first chamber.
4. A flush system, as set forth in claim 3, in which regulating
means are provided for determining the biasing pressure admitted
into said first chamber.
5. A flush system, as set forth in claim 1, in which the means
resiliently biasing said plunger assembly applies a lesser force to
said plunger assembly than the flush fluid admitted to the system
from said flush valve and in which means are provided to limit the
movement of said plunger assembly and thereby determine the maximum
volumetric capacity of said reservoir compartment.
6. A flush system, as set forth in claim 5, in which the means
resiliently biasing said plunger assembly comprises a closed
compartment containing a compressible fluid.
7. A flush system, as set forth in claim 1, in which said piston is
slidable in the closed compartment side of said bellows and has a
skirt means that engages a stop ledge to limit the compressibility
of the fluid within said closed compartment and determine the
maximum volumetric capacity of said reservoir compartment.
8. A flush system, as set forth in claim 1, in which said flush
valve is bistable and in which a trip mechanism effects closure of
said flush valve, said trip mechanism being actuated in response to
said accumulator.
9. A flush system, as set forth in claim 6, in which said flush
valve is bistable and in which a trip mechanism effects closure of
said flush valve, said trip mechanism being actuated in response to
the pressure differential between the reservoir and closed
compartments in said accumulator.
10. A flush system, as set forth in claim 9, in which the flush
valve employs a seal means mounted on a valve stem for movement
therewith, and a seat, movement of said seal away from and into
engagement with said seat respectively effecting opening and
closing of said flush valve, and in which said trip mechanism has a
means to engage and move said valve stem to close the flush valve,
a piston in said trip mechanism actuates the means to engage said
valve stem, said piston being of the double acting variety and
being interposed between two work chambers in said trip mechanism,
the application of pressure to the first of said work chambers
tends to drive said piston so as to actuate the means to engage and
move said valve stem to close the flush valve, said first work
chamber communicating with the reservoir compartment in said
accumulator, the other said work chamber communicating with the
closed compartment in said accumulator.
11. A flush system, as set forth in claim 1, in which means are
provided continuously to bias said flush valve to the closed
position and in which a dashpot is provided to delay closure of
said flush valve for a predetermined period of time.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to a flush mechanism for
toilets and specifically to a flush mechanism particularly adapted
for use with a toilet by which waste is pneumatically evacuated
thereform. A very successful pneumatic system for this purpose is
disclosed in U.S. Letters Patent No. 3,663,970, and the flush
mechanism of the present invention is eminently suitable for
incorporation within such a system.
The system disclosed in the aforesaid U.S. Pat. No. 3,663,970
requires a certain degree of judgment, particularly in that at
least a minimum volume of flush fluid must be admitted into the
bowl properly to effect the flush. Moreover, there is an optimum
period of time during which the soil discharge valve must remain
open in such a system in order to effect not only evacuation of the
bowl but also transportation of the effluent from the bowl to a
holding tank or into a soil system. Closing the soil valve too soon
tends to foul the system and hinder the effect operation of
subsequent flush cycles. Although the problem does not exist in the
system disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,663,970, in those systems where
the introduction of flush fluid is related to the period during
which the soil discharge valve remains open keeping the valve open
longer than absolutely necessary wastes flush fluid.
In addition, consistently satisfactory flush results are more
assuredly achieved when the operator does not attempt to flush the
toilet in a pneumatically operated system until the minimum
subatmospheric pressure required to effect the flush has been
attained within the system. Attempts have been made to obviate the
necessity for having the operator be responsible for the existence
of the necessary subatmospheric pressure preparatory to each flush
by automatically sustaining the required subatmospheric pressure
within the system, and while the concept of sustaining the
subatmospheric pressure does preclude the necessity for operator
judgment, the use of a ball valve, as disclosed in the aforesaid
U.S. Pat. No. 3,663,970, militates against sustaining the desired
subatmospheric pressure because the pressure differential across
the ball valve tends to move it away from its seal and because the
exposure of the ball tends to subject it to abuse even by so
mundane an operation as cleaning the bowl.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to
provide a toilet flush mechanism that is particularly adapted for
use in systems which pneumatically evacuate waste from the
toilet.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a flush
mechanism, as above, that will provide a predetermined volume of
flush fluid as a bowl prefill and is capable of admitting a
substantially uniform volume of flush fluid to the bowl during, and
just prior to, the actual evacuation thereof.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a flush
mechanism, as above, that will open the soil discharge valve in
selected relationship to the admission of flush fluid into the
system and maintain the soil discharge valve open for an optimum
period of time.
It is still further object of the present invention to provide a
flush mechanism, as above, in which the soil discharge valve is
particularly adapted for sustaining subatmospheric pressure
thereacross.
It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a
flush mechanism, as above, that utilizes relatively few moving
parts and even those that do move need not be manufactured to close
tolerances.
It is an even further object of the present invention to provide a
flush mechanism, as above, that is quite reliable and relatively
inexpensive to manufacture and maintain.
These and other objects, together with the advantages thereof over
existing and prior art forms which will become apparent from the
following specification, are accomplished by means hereinafter
described and claimed.
In general, a flush system embodying the concept of the present
invention employs a flush valve by which to effect the admission of
flush fluid, under pressure, into the system. Downstream of the
flush valve the pressurized flush fluid is directed to three
purposes. A portion of the flush fluid is directed into the bowl as
a preflush rinse; a portion is directed to open a soil discharge
valve and retain it open during evacuation of the bowl; and, a
portion is directed into the reservoir of an accumulator where at
least a portion thereof is retained to serve as the prefill for the
next use of the bowl following the actual flush and closure of the
soil discharge valve.
In both the soil discharge valve and the accumulator the pressure
of the flush fluid admitted to the system must overcome a
predetermined resistance. In the soil discharge valve the pressure
of the flush fluid must overcome a predetermined resistance to open
the valve and permit evacuation of the bowl, and in the accumulator
the flush fluid must overcome a predetermined resistance to fill
the reservoir with at least that volume of fluid required to
constitute the bowl prefill for the next use of the toilet.
It has been found that by relating the operations of the soil
discharge valve and the accumulator to each other, and to the time
during which the flush valve remains open, an optimum efficiency
can be achieved for the flush system. In one disclosed embodiment
of the flush system, the flush valve remains open for a preselected
period of time, and that time period is selected in order to permit
actuation of the soil discharge valve and actuation of the
accumulator to be effected in response to the pressure at which the
flush fluid is normally available.
In an alternative embodiment, closure of the flush valve is made
directly responsive to actuation of the accumulator. The
alternative embodiment also permits actuation of the soil discharge
valve to be pre-established in pressure responsive relationship to
the interaction between the accumulator and the flush valve.
One preferred embodiment of a flush system embodying the concept of
the present invention, in conjunction with two alternative
embodiments of a flush valve, are shown by way of example in the
accompanying drawings and described in detail without attempting to
show all of the various forms and modifications in which the
invention might be embodied; the invention being measured by the
appended claims and not by the details of the specification.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a flush system embodying
the concept of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view taken substantially along line 2--2 of
FIG. 1 depicting the toilet bowl represented in FIG. 1 in section
and further depicting, in side elevation, a flush valve and a soil
discharge valve;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged, vertical section through a soil discharge
valve taken substantially on line 3--3 of FIG. 1 and further
depicting, in elevation, a source of biasing pressure by which the
soil discharge valve is continuously urged to the closed
position;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged, horizontal section through an accumulator
taken substantially on line 4--4 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged, vertical section through a flush valve taken
substantially on line 5--5 of FIG. 2; and,
FIG. 6 is a vertical section through an alternative form of flush
valve, the interaction of the trip mechanism associated with said
flush valve being schematically represented in conjunction with an
accumulator.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring more particularly to the drawings, a flush mechanism
embodying the concept of the present invention is designated
generally by the numeral 10 on the attached drawings and is
depicted as being incorporated in a toilet assembly 11.
The toilet assembly 11 is of the type commonly referred to as a
"trapless" toilet that has a bowl portion 12, the inner surface 13
of which curves convergingly downwardly from the rim 14 in the
conventional fashion to a drain 15.
An elbow soil discharge valve 20 is operative to open and close the
drain 15 and effect a seal between the ambient atmospheric pressure
present within the bowl portion 12 communicating with the inlet
port 21 of the valve 20 and the subatmospheric pressure applied to
that portion of the system communicating with the exhaust port 22
of valve 20.
As best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the axis 23 of the inlet port 21 is
oriented at a right angle with respect to the axis 24 of the
exhaust port 22, and the two ports selectively communicate with
each other across a first diaphragm compartment 25 within the
housing 26 of the soil discharge valve 20. A circumferential anchor
bead 28 on the flexible first diaphragm 29 is sealed between an
annular groove 30 in the base portion 31 of the housing 26 and an
opposed groove 32 in an extension component 33 secured to the base
portion 31, as by a plurality of nut and bolt combinations 34. The
first diaphragm compartment 25 is defined by a cavity formed
between the juxtaposed base portion 31 and extension component
33.
An end cap 35 is secured to the extension component 33, as by
plurality of nut and bolt combinations 36, to form a second
diaphragm compartment 38 in spaced relation with respect to the
first diaphragm compartment 25. A circumferential anchor bead 39 on
the flexible second diaphragm 40 is sealed between an annular
groove 41 in the extension component 33 and an opposed groove 42 in
the end cap 35.
A connecting rod 43 is received for reciprocating movement through
a bore 44 in the central portion of the extension component 33 with
one end of the rod 43 being secured to the nave portion 45 of the
first diaphragm 29 and the opposite end being secured to the nave
portion 46 of the second diaphragm 40. For example, a bolt 47 may
be secured within a cup 48 provided in the nave portion 45 of the
first diaphragm 29, and a similar bolt 49 may be secured within an
opposed cup 50 provided in the nave portion 46 of the second
diaphragm 40. The opposite ends of the connecting rod 43 may then
be threadably connected to the respective bolts 47 and 49. An
annular recess 51 is provided along the axial extent of bore 44 to
receive a ring seal 52 by which to preclude communication between
the diaphragm compartments 25 and 38 along the connecting rod
43.
The second diaphragm 40 divides the second diaphragm compartment 38
into a first and second chamber 53 and 54, respectively. A biasing
means is operative within the first chamber 53 normally to maintain
the first diaphragm 29 in sealed relationship against the anvil 55
presented by the intersection of the adjacent portions of the
cylindrical walls 56 and 58 which define the inlet and exhaust
ports 21 and 22, respectively.
The biasing means may well comprise a spring, not shown, interposed
between the second diaphragm 40 and the end cap 35 or a pressurized
fluid such as Nitrogen provided from a supply cylinder 59 that
communicates with the first chamber 53 through a conduit 60. When
pressurized fluid is utilized it may be presented at a
predetermined pressure from supply cylinder 59, or a regulator 61
may be provided along the conduit 60 in order to permit selective
predetermination of the biasing pressure within the first chamber
53 for a purpose more fully hereinafter explained.
In any event, the biasing pressure within the first chamber 53 as
well as the subatmospheric pressure applied by the system to the
exhaust port 22 combines to compound the sealing effect of the
first diaphragm 29 against anvil 55 and thereby makes the
construction of the soil discharge valve 20 eminently suitable for
use in a system that transports waste by pneumatic pressure.
The exhaust port 22 of the soil discharge valve 20 communicates
with the inlet 64 of an air entraining drop well 65 (FIG. 1). In
order to entrain sufficient air within the effluent it is highly
desirable that the drop well 65 be of sufficient magnitude to allow
a dispersion of the effluent as it leaves the soil discharge valve
20. For example, the exhaust port 22 may comfortably be
approximately 2 inches in diameter, and in relation to an exhaust
port 22 of that size the internal diameter of the drop well 65
would preferably be on the order of 3 to 5 inches.
The outlet 66 of the drop well is in the nature of an orifice that
is preferably oriented at substantially a right angle with respect
to the vertical axis (may comprise an extension of axis 24) of the
drop well 65. To ensure sufficient entrainment of air into the
effluent as it passes between the soil discharge valve 20 and
orifice outlet 66 it has been found that the outlet 66 should be
spaced well below the inlet 64 of the drop well 65. Continuing the
aforesaid example, the orifice means works most satisfactorily when
spaced at least 3 to 4 inches below the inlet 64.
At this point it should be emphasized that the internal diameter of
the orifice outlet 66 and the soil conduit 68 may be relatively
small by comparison to the internal diameter of piping used in
conventional soil systems. For example, it has been found to be
quite satisfactory if the internal diameter of the orifice outlet
66 is only on the order of one inch and the internal diameter of
the soil conduit 68 is only on the order of one and one quarter
inches.
The relatively small diameter of the orifice outlet 66, and its
angular disposition with respect to the axis of the drop well 65,
contribute not only to the efficiency with which the effluent is
fragmentized but also to the desired high velocity with which the
fragmentized effluent is discharged into the soil conduit 68. The
internal diameter of the outlet 66 must not be so small, however,
that the system will tend to jam. The suggested one inch diameter
has been found to provide a satisfactory balance between these
antipodal criteria.
The soil conduit 68 may communicate with a holding tank (not
shown), as suggested for the pnuematic system disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,663,970, or the soil conduit may communicate with a
collecting tank 70 on the inlet side of a pump 71 capable of
pumping the fragmentized effluent as well as effecting and
maintaining a subatmospheric pressure within the collecting tank 70
and back through the soil conduit 68 and drop well 65 to the soil
discharge valve 20. It should be appreciated that a plurality of
toilet assemblies 11 may empty into a single collecting tank
70.
Flush water is preferably introduced into the bowl around the upper
rim thereof. As depicted in FIG. 2, the upper rim 14 of the toilet
assembly 11 may be provided with a passageway 76 that is connected
to a water supply more fully hereinafter described. Although the
flush fluid may be admitted through a single aperture, in the
embodiment depicted a plurality of apertures 78 pierce the lower
side of the rim 14 adjacent the inner surface 13 of the bowl
portion 12 to admit the flush fluid -- e.g., fresh water.
The source of the flush fluid may well constitute a pressurized
water line 79 such as is available in most urban homes. The water
line 79 is secured to the inlet port of a flush valve 80.
As shown in FIG. 5, the inlet port 81 is presented from the valve
housing 82 and communicates directly with an upper, or inlet,
chamber 83. An outlet port 84 is also presented from the valve
housing 82 and communicates directly with a lower, or outlet,
chamber 85. A bonnet 86 is received through the access opening 88
in the valve housing 82 and extends across the inlet chamber 83. A
bonnet ring 89 secures the bonnet 86 to the housing 82. That end of
the bonnet 86 within the housing 82 presents a conical sealing
member 90 that cooperatively engages a seat 91 on the partition
flange 92 to separate the inlet and outlet chambers 83 and 85. A
valve stem 93 is slidably received within the bonnet 86 for
reciprocating movement. A disc seal 94 is mounted on the valve stem
93 and is supported by a backing assembly 95 secured to the valve
stem 93, as by lock nut 96. A spring 97 biases the seal 94 into
engagement with a seat 98 presented about the radially intermost
edge of the conical sealing member 90.
A cap 99 is secured to the upper end of the valve stem 93 so that
the application of manual pressure thereto can overcome the biasing
action of spring 97 to move the seal 94 out of engagement with seat
98. A plurality of apertures 100 connect the inlet chamber 83 to a
passageway 101 defined by the dimensional differential between the
inner diameter of the bonnet 86 and the outer diameter of the valve
stem 93. As a result, when the seal 94 is moved out of engagement
with the seat 98 the flush fluid will flow from the inlet chamber
83, through passageways 101 and into the outlet chamber 85.
The full open position of the flush valve 80 may be signalled by
cooperative interaction of the cap 99 with the bonnet ring 89. For
example, the cap 99 may be provided with a skirt portion 102 that
circumscribes an upwardly directed cylindrical extension 103 of the
bonnet ring 89. The full open position of the flush valve will be
signalled when the skirt portion 102 bottoms against an upwardly
directed stop shoulder 104 presented from the bonnet ring 89. In
addition, if the skirt portion of 102 and the bonnet ring extension
103 are dimensioned for sliding engagement, their interaction will
cooperate to assure that the valve stem 93 will be subjected solely
to axial actuating forces irrespective of the manner in which
manual pressure is applied to the cap 99.
Although it has proven moderately acceptable for the operator to
determine the length of time for the flush valve 80 to remain open,
it may be even more expeditous to extend the valve stem 93 across
the outlet chamber 85, through the housing 82 and into a dashpot
105. As depicted, the valve stem 93 is secured to a piston 106
slidably received to within the dash-pot cylinder 108. The cylinder
108 is shown to be threadably mounted to the housing 82 in order
that the axial location of the air holes 109 may be selectively
disposed with respect to the movement of the piston 106, thereby
permitting a predetermination as to the distance through which --
and therefore the period of time during which -- the piston will
move against the air escaping from the dashpot through restricted
orifice 110.
The outlet port 84 of the flush valve 80 is connected to a manifold
115 (FIG. 1) which directs the flush fluid from downstream with
respcet to the flush valve 80 into three conduits. One conduit 116
connects the manifold to the passageway 76 within the upper rim 14
of the bowl portion 12.
The second conduit 118 connects the manifold 115 to the second
chamber 54 of the second diaphragm compartment 38 within the soil
discharge valve 20 for a purpose more fully to be understood in
conjunction with the explanation as to the operation of the present
flush mechanism 10.
The third conduit 119 connects the manifold 115 to an accumulator
assembly 120. As best seen in FIG. 4 the accumulator assembly 120
employs a rigid, impervious, cylindrical housing 121 having a base
portion 121A and a cap portion 121B. The base and cap portion 121A
and 121B present annular, radially extending flanges 122 and 123,
respectively, which are juxtapositionable to facilitate joining the
two portions 121A and 121B. A plurality of nut and bolt
combinations 124 may serve as suitable means for effecting the
joinder.
A plunger assembly 125 divides the interior of the accumulator 120
into a reservoir compartment 126 and a closed compartment 128. The
third conduit 119 connects the manifold 115 to the reservoir
compartment 126.
The plunger assembly 125 may comprise a bellows and piston
combination. Specifically, an annular recess 129 in flange 122 is
opposed by a corresponding annular recess 130 in flange 123 to
anchor the mounting bead 131 of a bellows 132 that is made of
flexible material to permit introversion thereof between the
charged and discharged positions depicted by the chainline and full
line representations, respectively, depicted in FIG. 4.
A piston 133 is slidably received within the closed compartment 128
of accumulator housing 121. The head portion 134 of the piston 133
engages the closed end portion 135 of the bellows 132 and the
engaged portions are preferably maintained in contact by a retainer
136 which overlies the engaged closed end portion 135 of bellows
132 and the head portion 134 of the piston 133. The retainer 136 is
secured in position by resilient flange means 138 that grippingly
embraces the cylindrical body portion 139 of the piston 133 through
the bellows 132.
The outer diameter of the body portion 139 and the inner diameter
of the housing 121 are selected to afford a space 140 within which
the bellows 132 may be introverted, as shown in FIG. 4, and at the
end of the body portion 139 most remote from the head portion 134 a
circumferential wiper flange 141 extends radially outwardly of the
piston slidably to engage the inner surface 142 of housing 121 and
thereby stabilize the piston 133 as it moves within the closed
compartment 128. This stability may be further enhanced by
employing an aligning guide in the form of an axial stem 145 that
is secured to the piston 133 to be slidably received within the
sleeve 146 secured to the end wall 148 of the base portion
121A.
That side of the bellows 132 defining the closed compartment 128
shall be termed the dry side of the accumulator assembly 120
because the flush fluid does not gain admission thereto. The
opposite side of the bellows 132 -- i.e., the reservoir compartment
126 -- shall be termed the wet side of the accumulator assembly 120
because it stores the flush fluid received via the conduit 119 from
the manifold 115.
Having now provided the foregoing basic description of the major
components in a preferred embodiment of a flush mechanism 10, a
brief description of its operation (during which additional
structural details will be disclosed, as required) will assure a
complete understanding of the concept embodied therein.
Initiation of the flush cycle is occasioned when the cap 99 is
depressed to open the flush valve 80. The flush water will enter
from the water line 79, through the valve 80 and into the manifold
115 from which it will be directed through the three conduits 116,
118 and 119.
It will be assumed that the fluid pressure available in line 79 is
on the order of 80 pounds per square inch and that the flush valve
80 is of sufficient size to admit approximately 25 ounces of flush
fluid per second. Flow through conduit 116 is restricted solely by
the rate by which fluid can be emitted from the apertures 78 that
pierce the lower side of the rim 14. The flow of preflush fluid
through apertures 78 begins slowly and increases in response to the
pressure applied to passageway 76, but even in response to full
line pressure the flow emitted from apertures 78 should preferably
not exceed approximately 6 ounces per second.
Simultaneously with the beginning preflush flow through apertures
78 the flush fluid will not only enter the second chamber 54 in
soil discharge valve 20 through conduit 118 but will also enter the
reservoir compartment 126 in accumulator assembly 120 through
conduit 119.
The flush fluid entering the reservoir compartment 126 forces the
plunger assembly 125 to compress the air within the closed
compartment 128. The base edge 143 on the cylindrical body portion
139 of piston 133 bottoms against the stop ledge 144 in base
portion 121A of accumulator assembly 120 to limit the
compressibility of the air, or other fluid, within the closed
compartment 128 and determine the maximum volumetric capacity of
the reservoir compartment 126. Continuing the assumption that the
pressure of the flush fluid available from line 79 is on the order
of 80 pounds per square inch, it has been found to be quite
satisfactory if the piston 133 bottoms against the stop ledge 144
after the air pressure within the closed compartment 128 reaches
approximately 20 pounds per square inch.
As soon as the piston 133 bottoms against the stop ledge 144 the
pressure in the reservoir compartment 126 will rather quickly
approach the pressure in feed line 79 and at the same time the
pressure in chamber 54 of the soil discharge valve 20 will reach a
comparable pressure.
The opening of the soil discharge valve 20 is accomplished when the
pressure applied by chamber 54 against the diaphragm 40 exceeds the
opposing force applied by the biasing means -- i.e., the pressure
in chamber 53 -- and any pressure differential across diaphragm 29
occasioned by the subatmospheric pressure applied to port 22. For
consistently satisfactory results a subatmospheric pressure on the
order of 10 inches of mercury should be applied by pump 71 to the
collecting tank 70 and back through the soil conduit 68 and drop
well 65 to the port 22 of the soil discharge valve 20. Thus, the
precise moment at which the soil discharge valve opens during the
flush cycle may be predetermined by regulating the biasing pressure
applied to diaphragm 40 from chamber 53.
In order that the flush cycle need not be unduly protracted, the
soil discharge valve may advantageously be opened at such time as
the piston 133 bottoms in the base portion 121A of the accumulator
assembly 120. According to this criterion the soil discharge valve
20 may be regulated to open in response to the application of
approximately 20 pounds per square inch pressure in chamber 54.
With the soil discharge valve 20 so opened, the agglomerated
effluent is discharged into the drop well 65 and fragmentized as it
is pulsatingly discharged through the orifice opening of outlet 66,
much like the result effected by the apparatus disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,663,970.
From the moment that the flush is initiated by depressing the cap
99 on the flush valve 80 approximately 1.5 to 2.0 seconds elapse
before the contents of the bowl have been evacuated through the
soil discharge valve 20. As such, the flush valve 80 may well be of
a construction that requires the operator to maintain the cap 99
depressed until the bowl is evacuated. On the other hand, the valve
80 may incorporate a dashpot 105 in order to effect a timed delay
to the closing of the flush valve 80.
In an alternative embodiment of the flush valve, identified by the
numeral 180 in FIG. 6, the inlet port 181 is presented from the
valve housing 182 and communicates directly with an inlet chamber
183. The outlet port 184 is also presented from the valve housing
182 and communicates directly with an outlet chamber 185. A
combined bonnet and bonnet ring 187 is secured to the access
opening (not shown) in housing 182 in the customary fashion. A
valve stem 193 is slidably received within the combined bonnet and
bonnet ring 187 and carries a disc seal 194 that cooperatively
engages a seat 198 that circumscribes a passageway 197 that the
partition wall 192 which separates the inlet and outlet chambers
183 and 185.
The valve stem 193 extends completely across both the inlet and
outlet chambers 183 and 185, respectively, within the housing 182.
That end of the valve stem 193 which protrudes through the combined
bonnet and bonnet ring 187 presents a cap 199 that is secured
thereto. The opposite end of the valve stem 193 extends slidably
through the base wall 200 of the inlet chamber 183 in the housing
182 and terminates in a neutral pressure chamber 201 closed to the
fluid in the inlet chamber 183 by virtue of the seal ring 202
through which the valve stem 193 slides. By thus terminating the
valve stem 193 out of communication with the inlet chamber 183 and
by not employing any additional means to bias the valve stem 193,
the flush valve 180 is bistable and will reamin either in the
opened or closed condition unless acted upon by an outside
influence.
Accordingly, a trip mechanism 205 may be associated with the valve
180 in order to achieve a closure of the valve in direct response
to the condition of the accumulator assembly 120. In this way the
flush cycle need not be dependent upon the judgment of the operator
and need not be the rigid function of a timed response, but rather,
may vary in response to the conditions within the system
itself.
The trip mechanism 205 employs a cylinder 206 in which a double
acting piston 208 is slidably received. A piston rod 209 extends
outwardly from the piston 208 in axial alignment with the valve
stem 193 and is slidably received through the lowermost wall 210 of
housing 182. A seal 211 obviates communication between the neutral
pressure chamber 201 and the adjacent, first work chamber 212 in
cylinder 206. The first work chamber 212 does, however, communicate
with the closed compartment 128 in the accumulator assembly 120, as
by conduit 213. The second work chamber 214 in the trip mechanism
205 communicates with the reservoir compartment 126 in the
accumulator assembly 120, as by conduit 216. Because of this
arrangement, the flush valve 180 will close in response to the
system itself.
Specifically, when the flush cycle is initiated by depressing the
cap 199, the flush fluid will flow past the seal 194 and through
the passageway 197. The bistability of the valve 180 holds its open
until some external closing force is applied.
During the time it takes the flush fluid to fill the reservoir
compartment 126 of the accumulator assembly 120 the pressure in the
reservoir and closed compartments 126 and 128 increase at
substantially the same rate. As such, the pressure applied against
the opposed work faces 218 and 219 of the piston 208, coupled with
the biasing pressure of the preloading spring 220, maintains the
piston rod 209 in its retracted position. However, as soon as the
piston 133 in the accumulator assembly 120 bottoms, the pressure in
the reservoir compartment 126 increases rapidly beyond that in the
closed compartment 128, and the resulting pressure differential
across the piston 208 in the trip mechanism 205 applies a greater
force to the work face 219, thereby extending the piston rod 209
against the valve stem 193 to drive the disc seal 194 against its
seat 198 to close the valve 180.
Irrespective of the configuration employed for the flush valve,
once the flush valve is closed the flush fluid within the system
will exit through the apertures 78 in the rim 14. The pressure of
the flush fluid within the system will be correspondingly reduced,
and when the pressure in chamber 54 of the soil discharge valve 20
is reduced below the biasing pressure applied in chamber 53, the
soil discharge valve 20 will close in response to the pressure
differential across the diaphragm 40. The flush fluid flowing
through the bowl after the flush valve 80 closes but before the
soil discharge valve 20 closes constitutes the after rinse.
As will be recalled, it is desirable that the biasing pressure in
chamber 53 be such that the soil discharge valve 20 was opened in
response to approximately 20 pounds per square inch pressure in
chamber 54. Thus, when the pressure in chamber 54 is reduced to
approximately that amount, the soil discharge valve will close at
substantially the same time as the pressure in the reservoir
compartment 126 of the accumulator assembly 120 equals the pressure
in the closed compartment 128 thereof.
At the instant the equalization of the pressures in compartments
126 and 128 occurrs, the piston 133 is still bottomed against the
stop ledge 144 in the base portion 121A of the accumulator assembly
120, and the volume of water remaining in the reservoir compartment
126 is available after the soil discharge valve 20 closes to
constitute the bowl prefill for the next usage of the toilet. This
volume may be adapted to the particular sewage system with which
the toilet is operated, but for the majority of systems presently
in operation a volume of up to 32 ounces should certainly suffice.
The biasing effect of the captured air pressure within the closed
compartment 128 against the plunger assembly 125 forces the fluid
in reservoir compartment 126 to flow outwardly, via conduit 119,
into the manifold 115 and through conduit 116 to passageway 76 in
rim 14 from which it enters the bowl portion 12 by apertures 78. It
may also be desirable to provide a modest biasing means in the form
of a spring 149 to assist in that movement of the plunger assembly
125 required to discharge the flush fluid from the reservoir
compartment 126. A biasing pressure equivalent to approximately one
pound per square inch applied by spring 149 has been found
sufficient to overcome any tendency for frictional restraint to
impede the discharging movement of the plunger assembly 125.
A flush mechanism embodying the concept of the present invention
will thereby automatically recycle in preparation for successive
flushes and otherwise accomplish the objects of the invention.
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