U.S. patent number 3,810,417 [Application Number 05/222,163] was granted by the patent office on 1974-05-14 for method and apparatus for producing vibratory motion.
Invention is credited to Helmut Sieke.
United States Patent |
3,810,417 |
Sieke |
May 14, 1974 |
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING VIBRATORY MOTION
Abstract
A method and apparatus for producing vibratory movement
comprises a work piston reciprocable in a work cylinder, a supply
of fluid under pressure and a slide valve for controlling the
supply of pressure fluid to reciprocate the pistons. In one form
the slide valve has a cylindrical housing and a piston that is
rotatable by a motor to supply pressure fluid intermittently to the
work cylinder and is axially movable manually, mechanically,
hydraulically, electrically or by other power equipment to control
the area the valve ports are opened and hence the rate of movement
of the work piston. In another form the slide valve has a housing
and a valve piston that is reciprocable by a cam wheel to supply
pressure fluid intermittently to the work cylinder and is rotatable
manually, mechanically, hydraulically, electrically or by other
power equipment to vary the opening of the valve ports and hence
the rate of movement. Selective action of the slide valve is
obtained by providing two cam wheels of different characteristics
and air springs for biasing the valve slide toward one or the other
cam wheel.
Inventors: |
Sieke; Helmut (Wulferode,
DT) |
Family
ID: |
22831128 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/222,163 |
Filed: |
January 31, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
91/39; 91/433;
137/624.13; 91/467; 137/625.23 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16H
43/00 (20130101); B06B 1/183 (20130101); Y10T
137/86405 (20150401); Y10T 137/86654 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
F16H
43/00 (20060101); B06B 1/18 (20060101); F15b
021/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;91/35,39,40,467,433
;137/624.13,625.23 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Geoghegan; Edgar W.
Assistant Examiner: Hershkovitz; Abraham
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Burns; Robert E. Lobato; Emmanuel
J.
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A method of producing cyclical relative vibratory movement of a
work piston in a work cylinder which comprises cyclically supplying
fluid under pressure to one side of the piston to move the piston
in one direction and alternately applying a restoring force for
movement of the piston in the opposite direction while exhausting
said pressure fluid, controlling the frequency and durations of the
intervals during which said pressure fluid is supplied and the rate
at which it is supplied to control the frequency, and amplitude of
the vibratory movement of the work piston as well as its
displacement/time curve and variably controlling the supply of
pressure fluid to said work cylinder and the exhausting of said
pressure fluid from said work cylinder so that the amount of said
fluid exhausted in each cycle differs by a selected increment from
the amount of said fluid supplied to said work cylinder in said
cycle so that a progressive unidirectional movement of said work
piston relative to said work cylinder is superposed on said
cyclical vibratory movement.
2. A method according to claim 1, in which the amount of fluid
supplied to said side of the piston in each cycle of vibratory
movement slightly exceeds the amount of fluid exhausted in said
cycle.
3. A method according to claim 1, in which said restoring force is
applied by elastic means biasing said piston in a direction
opposite to the direction of movement by said piston by said
pressure fluid.
4. A method according to claim 1, in which fluid under pressure is
applied alternately to opposite sides of said piston to move said
piston alternately in opposite directions.
5. Apparatus for producing vibratory movement comprising a work
cylinder, a work piston relatively reciprocable in said cylinder,
means supplying fluid under pressure and means for connecting said
supply means to said work cylinder including valve means and means
for operating said valve means to supply pressure fluid
intermittently to said work cylinder on one side of said work
piston to move said work piston in one direction and to exhaust
fluid from said work cylinder during return movement of said work
piston, said valve means comprising a valve cylinder and a valve
piston in said cylinder and having two modes of movement relative
to said valve cylinder, namely rotary movement and axial movement,
said valve cylinder and said valve piston having ports, said valve
piston being continuously driven by said operating means in one of
said modes of movement to bring ports of said valve piston
cyclically into communication with ports of said valve cylinder to
supply said pressure fluid cyclically to said work cylinder and
alternately exhaust said pressure fluid from said work cylinder to
produce vibratory movement of said work piston relative to said
work cylinder, and means for controllably and non-cyclically moving
said valve piston relative to said valve cylinder in the other of
said modes of movement to variably control the amount of
communication of said ports of said valve piston with said ports of
said valve cylinder in each cycle of operation to thereby variably
control the rate of supply and exhaust of said pressure fluid and
thereby variable control the amplitude of vibratory movement of
said work piston relative to said work cylinder.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5, in which said valve cylinder has
ports connected respectively with a fluid pressure supply line from
said supply means, a fluid return line to said supply means and a
control line connected to said work cylinder and said valve piston
has recess and passageways registrable with said ports to connect
said control line alternately to said supply line and to said
return line as said valve piston rotates.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6, in which said means for
operating said valve means comprises a hydraulic motor coupled with
said valve piston to rotate it.
8. Apparatus according to claim 6, in which means is provided for
moving said valve piston axially to vary the area of registration
of said passageways and recesses of said valve cylinder with said
ports to regulate the rate of flow of fluid therethrough and
thereby regulate the rate of movement of said work piston.
9. Apparatus according to claim 5, in which said work piston is
double acting and in which said valve cylinder has a first control
port connected with one end of said work cylinder, a second control
port connected with the opposite end of said work cylinder, a
supply port connected with said fluid pressure supply means and a
return port connects with a return line to said supply means, said
valve piston having passageways and recesses for connecting said
control ports alternately with said supply and return ports as the
valve piston rotates in said valve cylinders.
10. Apparatus according to claim 5 further comprising means for
controlling the supply of pressure fluid to said work cylinder and
the exhausting of said pressure fluid from said work cylinder so
that the amount of said fluid exhausted in each cycle differs from
the amount of said fluid supplied to said work cylinder in said
cycle so that a progressive unidirectional movement of said work
piston relative to said work cylinder is superposed on said
cyclical vibratory movement.
Description
The invention relates to a process and apparatus for the
reciprocatory displacement of a work piston which is movable back
and forth in a work cylinder by a pressure fluid. The process and
apparatus in accordance with the invention can be used in many
different fields where vibratory movement is required, for example,
in the building manufacturing textile and machine tool industries,
for screening, drilling, conveying, bagging, etc.
In prior apparatus, a work piston arranged in a cylinder and
displaceable in the cylinder by a pressure medium has been vibrated
by a special apparatus that produces vibrations and is connected
with the work piston. The vibrations are thereby transmitted to the
work piston. Such apparatus has been relatively complex and
correspondingly expensive.
The present invention is based on the principle of vibrating the
work piston through the pressure medium by which the work piston is
displaced. In accordance with the invention, the piston is vibrated
by being displaced in one direction by the prssure medium and in
the opposite direction by a return force, for example by a force
provided by a spring, or alternatively the piston is displaced
alternately in opposite directions by the pressure medium. In the
one case the piston is loaded or biased to move in one direction
and the pressure fluid is intermittently admitted to the cylinder
on one side of the piston to move the piston against the bias and
then discharged from the cylinder to permit return of the piston by
the biasing force. In the other case the piston is double-sided and
pressure fluid is admitted to the cylinder alternately on opposite
sides of the piston to move the piston back and forth. Vibration of
the work piston is thereby produced in a very simple manner. It is
particularly advantageous that the vibrations are linear with
respect to the control.
Moreover, in accordance with the invention it is possible to obtain
a progressive unidirectional displacement of the piston
superimposed on reciprocatory vibration. In other words, a
unidirectional static force is superimposed on the vibrational
forces to move the piston progressively in one direction while it
is being vibrated. This is achieved by admitting slightly more
fluid to the cylinder to displace the piston in one direction than
is discharged from the cylinder when the piston is displaced in the
opposite direction either by a return force or by pressure fluid on
the opposite side of the piston. In this manner the piston is moved
slightly farther in one direction than in the other so that the
cumulative effect of these minute increments of movement is a
progressive unidirectional displacement of the piston superimposed
on its vibratory motion.
The process in accordance with the present invention is carried out
by apparatus which is characterized by the provision of a control
unit which is interposed between the work cylinder and a source of
the pressure medium and which in rapid succession alternately
admits the pressure medium to the work cylinder and discharges it
from the cylinder. The control unit preferably comprises a slide
valve having a cylinder which is provided with a rotatable or
oscillatable and simultaneously axially movable piston. The
vibration of the work piston is effected by the rotary movement of
the control piston. Any known medium, for example an electric motor
or a fluid pressure motor can be used to produce the rotary
movement of the control piston. By such rotation, a pulsation of
the pressure medium and thereby a reciprocation of the work piston
is effected by alternately connecting conduits leading to the work
cylinder with supply and return conduits of the pressure medium in
time with the frequency of rotation of the control piston. Through
the axial displacement of the control piston, it is possible to
vary the forward movement of the pressure medium through greater or
lesser throttling of the inlet opening while maintaining the outlet
opening for the return of the pressure medium constant and thereby
obtain different velocities of foward displacement of the work
cylinder superimposed on the reciprocatory movement.
It is not necessary to work only with a rotating control piston as
the present invention also provides the very simple posibility of
producing, by means of a single distributin slide valve, high
frequency vibration in hydraulic apparatus and simultaneously a
unidirectional driving force.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the supply of
pressure fluid to the working cylinder is controlled by a
distributing slide valve provided with an axially movable piston
rod which is biased in one direction by the force of a spring and
is movable in the opposite direction by a cam wheel. With this
arrangement it is possible to attain a desired high frequency
corresponding to the rate of rotation of the cam wheel provided
that the force of the spring corresponds to the mass of the piston
and piston rod so as to maintain the piston rod in engagement with
the cam wheel. Preferably the cam wheel is provided with a
plurality of cams. This has the advantage that a high vibration
frequency of the work piston can be obtained with a low speed of
rotation of the cam wheel. It is, moreover, advantageous for the
flanks of the cams of the cam wheel to be unsymmetrical. In this
manner it is possible to regulate the curve form of vibration
amplitude in relation to time, which for many applications is
significant. For example, in many cases of tamping railroad ties it
is advantageous if the vibration amplitude curve is of somewhat
rectangular or square wave form. The action of the slide valve is
of interest when the cam form is selected to provide a gradual rise
and an abrupt fall. As the cam runs by the piston rod, the piston
rod is pushed solely through the force of the spring initially with
a high velocity and upon greater tensioning of the spring with a
decreased velocity so that full opening of the fluid passageway is
effected in a very short period of time, while closing of the
passageway is effected slowly.
It is advantageous when the spring is an air spring. It is also
advantageous when the rise flanks of the cams are not as steep as
the descent flanks. To control the rate of flow it is also
advantageous if the control piston is not only axially movable but
also rotatable and if the control cams are inclined to a plane
perpendicular to the axis of movement. When no means is provided
for fixing the rotatable cylinder at a particular angle so that it
is still axially movable but not rotatable, the rate of flow can be
ajusted to a particular predetermined value.
In many applications, for example in track construction, it is
advantageous when the vibration amplitude or the vibration
frequency can be changed at a selected point in the work process.
In this case it is advantageous if the piston is provided on
opposite sides with piston rods both of which are engageable with
cam wheels each of which can be stopped in a selected position in
which the piston rods are freed to move and two separately
activatable air springs are provided to press the piston rod either
against one or against the other cam wheel.
The nature and advantages of the invention will be more fully
understood from the following description of preferred embodiments
shown schematically by way of example in the following drawings in
which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of apparatus in accordance with
the invention with a working cylinder in which a piston is movable
in one direction by spring force and in the opposite direction by
fluid pressure.
FIG. 2 is a schematic axial section of a control unit for
controlling the supply of pressure fluid to the working
cylinder.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section corresponding to FIG. 2 but with
the piston turned 180.degree. so as to show the discharge of the
pressure fluid.
FIG. 4 is a cross section along the line IV--IV in FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a cross section along the line V--V in FIG. 3.
FIG. 6 is a schematic longitudinal section through the control unit
shown in a central position.
FIG. 7 is a cross section along the line VII--VII in FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing flow of the pressure fluid
through the control piston in a direction toward the working
cylinder.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing flow of the pressure fluid
through the control piston in a direction away from the pressure
cylinder.
FIG. 10 is a cross section with the control cylinder shown in the
position of FIG. 8.
FIG. 11 is a cross section with the control cylinder shown in the
position of FIG. 9.
FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of apparatus in accordance with
the invention in which the piston is double-sided and is moved
alternately in opposite directions by pressure fluid.
FIG. 13 is a schematic longitudinal section through the control
valve unit of the apparatus shown in FIG. 12.
FIG. 14 is a schematic longitudinal section similar to FIG. 13 but
showing pressure fluid supplied to the opposite side of the working
piston.
FIG. 15 is a schematic section with a slide valve actuated by a
rotating cam wheel, and
FIG. 16 is a schematic section through a slide valve with two air
springs and two driving cam wheels.
The principle of the apparatus in accordance with the present
invention is illustrated schematically in FIG. 1. A work piston K
is reciprocably slidable in the work cylinder Z and has a piston
rod R which extends out through an axial bore in one end of the
cylinder Z and is connected to the implement or workpiece to which
vibration is to be transmitted for example a tamper, screen or
conveyor. A compression spring F acts between one end of the
cylinder and one face of the piston K to exert a force on the
piston tending to move it in one direction, namely toward the left
as viewed in FIG. 1. A fluid pressure medium, for example,
hydraulic oil, is admitted to the cylinder Z on the opposite side
of the piston K to exert there a force on the piston in the
opposite direction from force exerted by the spring F. The pressure
fluid is supplied to the cylinder K from a reservoir SP through a
conduit z, a pump P, a valve Vz, a throttle D, a control unit ST,
and a conduit a connected with an inlet-outlet A of the cylinder Z
located near the end of the cylinder opposite that through which
the piston rod R extends. Under control of the control unit ST,
pressure fluid can also be discharged from the cylinder Z through
the conduit a, the control unit ST and a return conduit r provided
with a valve Vr and discharging into the reservoir SP.
In accordance with the invention, the control unit ST, which will
be described more fully below, connects the inlet-outlet port A of
the cylinder Z alternately in rapid succession with the pressure
fluid supply line z and with the return line r. When the pressure
fluid from the supply line z enters the cylinder Z, it exerts a
force on the piston K to move the piston in a direction against the
force of the spring F, namely toward the right as viewed in FIG. 1.
When the port A of the cylinder is, on the other hand, connected by
the control ST with the return line r, the spring F moves the
piston toward the left as viewed in FIG. 1 thereby discharging
pressure fluid through the port A, conduit a, control unit ST and
return conduit r to the reservoir SP. Hence the connection of the
cylinder Z with the fluid pressure supply line and the return line
alternately in rapid succession produces vibratory motion of the
piston K and this motion is transmitted through the piston rod R to
the implement or workpiece to be vibrated. The adjustable throttle
valve D controls the rate of flow of the pressure fluid to the work
cylinder and thereby the rate of movement of the piston by the
pressure fluid. A separately adjustable throttle valve (not shown)
may, if desired, also be provided in the return line r to regulate
the rate of flow of fluid discharged from the cylinder and thereby
the rate of movement of the piston K by the spring F. The speed of
movement of the piston in each of the opposite directions can
thereby be separately and selectively regulated. The frequency of
vibration of the piston K is regulated by varying the speed of
operation of the control unit ST and thus the frequency with which
the cylinder is alternately connected with the pressure supply line
and the return line of the pressure fluid. The amplitude of
vibration of the piston K is a function of the frequency and the
rate of movement of the piston alternately in opposite directions
and hence depends on the pressure and viscosity of the pressure
fluid, the setting of the throttle valve D in the supply line and
any throttle valve if provided in the return line, the force of the
spring F and the rate of operation of the control unit ST. If it is
desired to superpose a progressive unidirectional movement on the
vibratory motion of the piston K, the hydraulic fluid system is
operated in such a manner that the amount of pressure fluid
admitted to the cylinder Z in each cycle slightly exceeds the
amount of pressure fluid discharged. Alternatively if progressive
movement of the piston in the opposite direction is desired, the
amount of pressure fluid admitted to the cylinder in each cycle is
slightly less than the amount of fluid discharged. The valves Vz
and Vr are normally open during operation of the apparatus and are
closed when the apparatus is stopped. Alternatively the valves Vr
and Vz can be partially opened during operation of the apparatus
and used as throttle valves to control the rate of flow of the
pressure fluid and the return fluid. Instead of a pump being
provided in the supply line z as shown, the reservoir SP can be
pressurized, for example with nitrogen or other gas, in which event
means is provided for pressurizing the reservoir and for returning
to the reservoir under pressure the fluid discharged from the
working cylinder.
The control unit ST as shown schematically in FIGS. 2 to 11
comprises a pressure cylinder 1 and a piston 2 which is rotatable
and also axially slidable in the cylinder. The cylinder 1 has an
inlet 3 connected with the pressure fluid line z from the reservoir
SP and an outlet 4 connected with the return line r leading to the
reservoir. It further has a port 25 connected by the line a with
the inlet-out port A of the working cylinder Z.
The piston 2 constitutes the moving element or slide of a slide
valve of which the cylinder 1 is the housing and is provided with a
plurality of grooves and passageways for connecting the port 25
leading to the working cylinder Z alternately and successively with
the inlet port 3 and the discharge port 4. As shown by way of
example in FIGS. 2 to 5, the piston 2 has an annular peripheral
groove 5 which in all positions of the piston communicates with the
pressure fluid inlet port 3. A bore 6 connects the groove 5 with an
axially extending recess 7 which has an axial extent as shown in
FIGS. 2 and 3 and a circumferential extent as shown in FIG. 5.
Diametrically opposite the recess 7 there is an axially extending
recess 10 which is connected by a bore 9 with an end face of the
piston 2 opening into an end portion of the cylinder 1
communicating with the fluid return port 4. An over-pressure
release valve is provided between the inlet port 3 and the outlet
port 4 so as to relieve excessive fluid pressure.
The piston 2 is rotatable by a motor M which is shown as being
located inside the control cylinder 1 but which can be outside the
cylinder if desired. The motor M, which can conveniently be a
hydraulic motor driven by pressure fluid, is connected with the
piston 2 through a splined coupling C permitting axial movement of
the piston 2 while driven rotationally by the motor M. The piston 2
is movable axially of the cylinder 1 by means of a lever 8
connected with a yoke on the stem portion of the piston which is
coupled to the motor M.
When the rotary piston 2 is in the position shown in FIGS. 2 and 4,
the control port 25 connected with the working cylinder Z (FIG. 1)
by the line a communicates through the recess 7, the bore 6 and the
annular groove 5 with the fluid pressure inlet 3 connected to the
pressure line z so that pressure fluid is supplied to the cylinder
Z to move the piston K toward the right as viewed in FIG. 1. When
the rotary piston 2 has rotated 180.degree. to the position shown
in FIGS. 3 and 5, the control port 25 is connected through the
recess 10 and the bore 9 to the discharge outlet 4 connected with
the return line r so that fluid is discharged from the working
cylinder Z as the piston is moved by the spring F toward the left
as viewed in FIG. 1. Hence as the rotary piston 2 of the control
unit ST is rotated by the motor M, the working piston K is moved
alternately toward the right and toward the left, thereby producing
vibratory movement of the piston. The frequency of such vibratory
movement depends on the speed of rotation of the motor M and can
vary from one or several cycles per second to as high a frequency
as is desired within the limits of construction of the apparatus.
It will be understood that the frequency of vibration can readily
be varied as desired by varying the speed of rotation of the motor
M.
When the piston 2 of the control unit ST in the position shown in
FIG. 2, it will be seen that the recess 7 overlaps approximately
half the area of the control port 25. The same is true with respect
to the recess 10 of the piston in the position shown in FIG. 3. If
the piston 2 is moved toward the left as seen in FIG. 2 by means of
the lever 8, the area of communication between the control port 25
and the recesses 7 and 10 is increased. Conversely if the piston 2
is moved toward the right, the area of communication of the
recesses 7 and 10 with the control port 25 is decreased. In this
manner the rate of flow of the pressure fluid into and out of the
working cylinder Z can be readily controlled, thereby controlling
the rate of movement of the working piston K and hence the
amplitude of vibration, assuming that the frequency remains the
same. While the means for moving the piston 2 axially to vary the
port openings has been shown schematically as a manually operable
lever 8, it will be understood that such movement can alternatively
be effected mechanically, hydraulically, electrically or by other
power equipment.
It will be understood that the control unit as shown in FIGS. 2 to
5 can be kinematically reversed so that the piston is stationary
and the housing is rotatable or oscillatable and axially movable.
The circumferential positions of the inlet and outlet openings of
the housing 1 of the control unit ST can be varied as desired by
providing between the control piston and the housing an adjustably
rotatable bushing provided with corresponding circumferential
grooves. The circumferential grooves can be made accessible to the
outside of the housing.
FIGS. 6 to 11 illustrate schematically a control unit for apparatus
in accordance with the present invention in which the working
piston K is moved alternately in opposite directions by fluid
pressure as illustrated in FIG. 12. At one end, the working
cylinder Z is provided with an inlet-outlet port A1 connected by a
line a1 with the control unit ST while at the opposite end a second
inlet-outlet port A2 is connected with the control unit by a line
a2. The control unit shown in FIGS. 6 to 11 has a control port 25a
connected by the line a1 with the port A1 of the working cylinder Z
and a second control port 25b connected by the line a2 with the
port A2 at the opposite end of the working cylinder. The port 25b
is spaced circumferentially 90.degree. from the port 25a and is
also spaced axially. The slide valve piston 2 of the control unit
rotated by the motor M has a central circumferential groove 5
connected with axially extending recesses 7a and 7b spaced
diametrically opposite one another. At one end of the piston 2
there are diametrically opposite recesses 10a extending in from the
end face of the piston while at the opposite end there are
diametrically opposite recesses 10b likewise extending in from the
end face of the piston. The housing 1 has an inlet port 3 connected
with the fluid pressure supply line z and positioned so as to
communicate with the central circumferential groove 5 of the
piston. The housing 1 also has outlet ports 4a and 4b connected
with the return line r and opening into the spaces at opposite ends
of the piston 2 so as to communicate respectively with the recesses
10a and 10b. The control port 25a is positioned so as to
communicate successively with the recesses 7a, 10a and 7b of the
cylinder as the cylinder rotates and control port 25b is positioned
as to communicate successively with the recesses 7a, 10b and 7b.
With the piston in the position shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, the line a1
(FIG. 12) is connected with the fluid pressure supply line through
recess 7a and circumferential groove 5 while the line a2 is
connected to the fluid return line through the recess 10b of the
piston 2. The working piston K is hence moved toward the right as
viewed in FIG. 12. When the piston 2 of the control valve has
rotated 90.degree. to the position shown in FIG. 9, the line a2 is
connected to the fluid pressure supply line through the recess 7b
and the circumferential groove 5 while the line a1 is connected to
the fluid return line through one of the recesses 10a. The working
piston K is thereupon moved toward the left as viewed in FIG. 12.
With continued operation in like manner the working piston K will
be reciprocated through two complete cycles for each revolution of
the slide valve piston 2.
The control value unit shown schematically in FIGS. 13 and 14 is
likewise for controlling movement of the working piston alternately
in opposite directions by fluid pressure as illustrated in FIG. 12.
The valve housing 11 has an inlet port connected with a fluid
pressure supply line 13 and an outlet port connected with a fluid
return line 14. A first control port 21 is connected by a line a1
with one end of the working cylinder Z (FIG. 12) while a second
control port 22 is connected by a line a2 with the opposite end of
the working cylinder. A rotatable and axially movable valve piston
12 has a circumferential groove 15 communicating with the fluid
pressure supply line 13. A bore 16 connects the groove 15 with an
axially extending recess 17 positioned so as to communicate
successively with control ports 21 and 22 as the piston rotates. A
bore 19 connects an axially extending recess 20 with the space at
one end of the piston so as to be in communication with the return
line 14. The recess 20 is diametrically opposite the recess 17 and
likewise in position to communicate successively with the control
ports 21 and 22 as the piston 12 rotates. The piston 12 is
connected by a splined coupling C with a hydraulic motor M
connected by lines 27 and 28 with the fluid pressure supply line 13
and return line 14 respectively.
With the piston 12 in the position shown in FIG. 13, the control
port 21 and hence line a1 (FIG. 12) is connected through the recess
20 and bore 19 to the return line 14 while the control port 22 and
hence line a2 are connected through recess 17, bore 16 and annular
groove 15 with the fluid pressure supply line 13. The working
piston K will thereby be moved toward the left as viewed in FIG.
12. When the control piston 12 has rotated 180.degree. to the
position shown in FIG. 14, the control port 21 and hence line a1
are connected to the fluid pressure supply line 13 while the
control port 22 and hence line a2 are connected through the recess
20 and bore 19 to the return line 14. The working piston 12 will
thereupon be moved toward the right. Hence a complete reciprocation
of the working piston 12 will be produced for each rotation of the
slide valve piston 12. Except as otherwise described, the systems
illustrated in FIGS. 1-14 operate in like manner.
In FIG. 15 there is shown schematically a slide valve unit for
controlling the reciprocation of a working piston which is moved
alternately in opposite directions by fluid pressure. A valve
housing 31 is provided with central bore 42 to receive a slide and
with a fluid pressure inlet 32 and a fluid discharge 33 connected
with a fluid return line. It also has a control port connected by a
line 34 with one end of a working cylinder 35 in which a piston 41
is reciprocable and a second control port connected by a line 36 to
the opposite end of the working cylinder 35. A passage 43 connects
opposite end portions of the central bore 42 with one another. A
valve stem 37 carries two valve cylinders 38a and 38b which are
axially spaced from one another and are slidable axially in the
central bore 42 of the housing 31. A spring 39 biases the valve
stem 37 axially toward the right as viewed in FIG. 15. A rotatable
cam wheel 40 driven by a suitable motor (not shown) carries a
plurality of cams 45 which are engageable with the valve stem 37 to
move it toward the left against the action of the spring 39.
The slide valve shown in FIG. 15 operates in the following manner.
When the valve stem 37 has been moved toward the left as viewed in
FIG. 15 by one of the cams 41, the pressure supply line 32 is
connected with the line 34 so as to supply pressure fluid to the
left hand end of the cylinder 35. At the same time the line 36 at
the opposite end of the cylinder 35 is connected with the fluid
return line 33. The working piston 41 is thereby moved toward the
right. When the valve stem 37 rises off of a cam 41, it is moved
toward the right by the spring 39 so that the line 34 at the left
hand end of the piston 35 is connected through passage 42 with the
fluid return line 33 while the line 36 at the right hand end of the
cylinder 35 is connected with the fluid pressure supply line 32 so
as to move the working piston 41 toward the left. Hence as the cam
wheel 40 rotates in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in FIG.
15, the valve stem 37 is reciprocated by the cooperation of the
cams 41 and the spring 39 and thereby produces corresponding
reciprocation of the working piston 41. The number of
reciprocations produced by each rotation of the cam wheel 40 is
equal to the number of cams 41 on the cam wheel. The opening and
closing times of the valves as well as the forward and reverse
movement are controlled by the curve form of the cams 41. In this
manner the frequency of vibration, which depends moreover on the
speed of rotation of the cam wheel 40, as well as the amplitude of
vibration is determined. Moreover, the cam form determines the
amount of hydraulic fluid supplied alternately to opposite ends of
the cylinder. If in each cycle more oil is supplied to one side of
the piston than to the other, a progressive rectilinear movement
will be superimposed on the reciprocatory movement.
In FIG. 16 there is shown a slide valve similar to that of FIG. 15
but with air springs 39a and 39b and cam wheels 40a and 40b
provided at each of the opposite ends of the valve. By means of
passageways 44a and 44b provided with suitable valving the air
cushions 39a and 39b can selectively be connected either to a
compressed air supply or to the atmosphere so as to activate one or
the other of the air springs. When the air spring 39a is supplied
with pressure, the valve stem 7 is biased toward the cam wheel 40a
and is accordingly reciprocally actuated by the cams on that cam
wheel. Care must be taken that the cam wheel 40b is positioned so
as not to interfere with the movement of the valve stem 37 by the
cams on the cam wheel 40a. When the air spring 39b is pressurized,
it biases the valve stem 37 toward the cam wheel 40b whereupon the
valve stem is reciprocated by the cams on the cam wheel 40b in
cooperation with the air spring 39b. The cam wheels 40a and 40b are
provided with cams of different curvature and, if desired, with a
different number of cams. In this manner the operating
characteristics of the slide valve and hence of the working piston
41 can be changed during operation of the apparatus merely by
selectively activating one or the other air springs 39a, 39b. With
the valves of FIGS. 15 and 16 further control is provided by
inclining the ends of the valve pistons 38a and 38b and providing
means for turning the valve slide to different angles while it is
reciprocated so as to vary the amount of opening of the valve ports
and thereby vary the rate of movement of the work piston 41. Thus
with the valves of FIGS. 15 and 16, cyclical operations of the work
piston is effected by reciprocation of the valve member while the
rate of movement of the work piston is regulated by the angle at
which the valve slide is turned, it being understood that when
turned to a selected angle the valve slide remains at that angle
while continuing to reciprocate. A suitable arm or collar (not
shown) is provided at one end of the valve stem to control its
angular position. It will be understood that control of the angular
position of the valve item to regulate the rate of movement of the
work piston can be controlled manually, mechanically,
hydraulically, electrically or by other power equipment.
While preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated
in the drawings and are herein particularly described, it will be
understood that the invention is in no way limited to these
embodiments.
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