U.S. patent number 3,809,859 [Application Number 05/321,929] was granted by the patent office on 1974-05-07 for infrared emitter.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Black Body Corporation. Invention is credited to Harold D. Wells.
United States Patent |
3,809,859 |
Wells |
May 7, 1974 |
INFRARED EMITTER
Abstract
An infrared emitter constituting a panel comprising a pair of
sheets of refractory material, a heating element in the form of a
continuous wire presented between said sheets and secured thereto
by a narrow anchoring strip extending preferably across the central
zone of said element. The remaining portions of said wire being
unencumbered for expansion and contraction. A dielectric woven
mesh-type refractory cover is provided for tying the components
into a flat panel and with the end portions of the heating element
extending rearwardly through said panel for engagement to a
convenient source.
Inventors: |
Wells; Harold D. (St. Louis,
MO) |
Assignee: |
Black Body Corporation (Fenton,
MO)
|
Family
ID: |
23252668 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/321,929 |
Filed: |
January 8, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
392/435; 219/542;
338/293; 338/316; 338/254; 338/314 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05B
3/283 (20130101); H05B 2203/003 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H05B
3/28 (20060101); H05B 3/22 (20060101); H05b
003/28 (); H01c 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/213,339,342,345,353,354,355,357,444,457,463,464,467,520,528,529,542,544,551
;338/210,249,254,255,256,257,283,293,306,314,316 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Truhe; J. V.
Assistant Examiner: Herkamp; N. D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kalish; Ralph W.
Claims
Having described my invention, what I claim and desire to obtain by
Letters
1. A refractory panel for emission of infrared radiation comprising
a first sheet of refractory material, a second sheet of refractory
material, a heating element disposed between said first and second
refractory sheets, said heating element being a continuous electric
resistance wire arranged in a back and forth pattern to present a
multiplicity of looped end portions said end portions being covered
by said sheets, an anchor for said heating element comprising a
section of refractory material in narrow, strip-like form presented
transversely of said heating element intermediate the looped end
portions of said element and the end portions of said first and
second sheets and with intermediate portions of the heating element
being rigidly embedded therein, whereby the said looped end
portions of said heating element are permitted unrestrained freedom
of expansion and contraction, glutinous means rigidly securing said
anchor to intermediate portions of said first and second refractory
sheets, and covering means disposed about said first and second
refractory sheets and
2. A refractory panel for emission of infrared radiation as defined
in claim 1 and further characterized by the end portions of said
heating element being of relatively increased thickness and being
directed
3. A refractory panel for emission of infrared radiation as defined
in claim 1 and further characterized by said covering means
comprising a sheet of dielectric material of relatively high heat
emissivity, said covering sheet being disposed against the first
refractory sheet on the side thereof remote from said heating
element, said covering sheet having marginal portions foldedly
disposed against the second refractory sheet on the side thereof
remote from said heating element, and binding means
4. A refractory panel for emission of infrared radiation as defined
in claim 1 and further characterized by said anchor being
substantially coextensive in length with the width of said first
and second refractory sheets and being presented substantially
intermediate the opposed end
5. A refractory panel for emission of infrared radiation as defined
in claim 3 and further characterized by said covering means sheet
being of fibrous material in mesh form.
Description
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates in general to infrared radiation and, more
particularly, to new and useful improvements in emitter panels.
In the field of infrared equipment as used in industry for a
multiplicity of purposes, such as baking, curing, plasticizing,
shrink wrapping, etc., there has been an ever increasing
utilization of emitters of the flat panel type. Such panels
normally embody a heating element, such as an electrical resistor,
often a coiled wire, which is entirely embedded within the panel so
that all sections of the element are completely encased within
refractory material.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an
infrared panel type emitter embodying a heat source which is fixed
to the adjacent components of the panel in but a limited zone so
that the major portion of the element is substantially free to
expand and contract and yet is enclosed in a dielectric
material.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an
infrared panel type emitter incorporating a continuous electrical
resistor as the heat source and with a positioning member engaging
a narrow, minor portion of said resistor for maintaining same in
appropriate operative position.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an
infrared panel type emitter of the type stated that may be produced
in a manner providing marked economies over present manufacturing
procedures; and which permits of utilization of resistors having
greater coefficients of contraction and expansion than heretofore
feasible in such emitters.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an
infrared panel type emitter which is extremely light and by reason
thereof accelerate the "bring up time."
It is another object of the present invention to provide an
infrared panel type emitter of the type stated which incorporates
novel means for maintaining the heating element in position so as
to conduce to the overall flexibility of the panel and rendering
the same resistant to shock, thereby materially enhancing the
effective life of the same.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide an
infrared panel type emitter having a relatively enhanced emissivity
factor and which permits of markedly higher temperatures than
currently attainable with present panels.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an infrared emitter constructed in
accordance with and embodying the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the emitter.
FIG. 3 is a side elevational view.
FIG. 4 is a rear view.
FIG. 5 is a horizontal transverse sectional view taken on the line
5--5 of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a rear view of the panel with a portion of the rear
refractory and covering sheets broken away.
FIG. 7 is a vertical transverse sectional view taken on the line
7--7 of FIG. 4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now by reference characters to the drawings which
illustrate the preferred embodiment of the present invention, A
generally indicates a refractory panel for emission of infrared
radiation. It is to be recognized that the panels of this invention
are customarily assembled in multi-panel units incorporating
support frames together with corresponding components of a gridwork
for effective ray direction; such units being exemplified by the
structures disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,493,724. Panel A comprises
a pair of sheets 1,2 fabricated of refractory material, such as,
ceramic fiber; exemplary of which is a commercial product known as
FIBERFRAX, being a trademark of The Carborundum Company for such
fiber as made from alumina and silica, and which may contain small
additions of suitable modifiers. Other mineral fibers having a
melting point above the operating temperature of the heating
element, to be described below, may be used. It is to be understood
that the precise composition of sheets 1,2 does not form a part of
the present invention since there are a multiplicity of materials
which may be used. It is critical that the refractory material from
which sheets 1,2 are fabricated be rendered resistant to fracturing
as a result of repeated cooling and heating and possess substantial
dielectric strength, together with a relatively low coefficient of
thermal expansion consonant with sufficient thermal conductivity
for heat transfer from one face thereof to the opposite face. Such
refractory material is preferably in the form of "paper" sheets
having a thickness of up to about 1/8 inch.
Provided for sandwiched disposition between sheets 1,2 is a heating
element 3 being preferably a single length of electrical resistance
wire, such as of NICHROME and arranged in a generally back and
forth pattern, often characterized as serpentine, with such pattern
being substantially coextensive with, but, understandably, slightly
less than, the areas of sheets 1,2. The wire of element 3 may be,
if desired, round or flat, and with the diameter or cross section
being commensurate with the wattage to be accommodated. It is to be
understood that other resistance wires than NICHROME may be equally
effective, such as, various iron-aluminum alloys and the like, as
NICHROME is simply set forth for illustration purposes. Each end
portion of heating element 3, as at 4,5, is of increased cross
section, such as through double twisting of the end portions, so
that during energization of heating element 3, such end portions
will be subject to relatively reduced expansion under the lower
developed heat to thereby substantially eliminate possible
fracturing of the associated components of panel A since, as shown
in FIG. 4, said end portions or terminals 4,5, are led through
openings in panel A for effecting connection to a convenient source
of electrical power.
Heating element 3 is maintained in position between sheets 1,2 in a
novel manner, as by means of relatively narrow strip-forming anchor
6 having a width within the range of 2 inches to 3 inches and a
length coextensive with the width of sheets 1,2 to overlie the full
width of the confronting portion of heating element 3. Anchor 6 is
composed from a slurry of fine blown clay and coloidal silica
together with ceramic fibers. The coloidal silica acts as a binder
which could be any other suitable high temperature binder such as
aluminum acid phosphate. Anchor 6 is thus applied in a paste or
slurry form and may become set or dried by the heat generated by
energization of element 3. As indicated with respect to sheets 1,2,
anchor 6 may be formed of fine blown clay, kaolin, and the like.
With heating element 3 disposed against the normally inner face of
sheet 1, anchor 6 extends across the central zone of heating
element 3 and is secured rigidly to the contacting portion of
element 3 and of sheet 1, as by a suitable high temperature binder,
such as, for example, colloidal silica, aluminum acid phosphate,
etc. It will be seen that upon the setting of the binder only a
narrow central portion of heating element 3 will be fixed to sheet
1 so that the remainder thereof, comprehending its major portion,
together with the looped-like ends, as at 7, are free to the extent
of being unencumbered or unencased. Sheet 2 is caused to adhere to
the confronting face of anchor 6, as through a suitable binder, and
thereby completing the basic sandwiching relationship but with the
aforesaid portions of heating element 3 being unattached.
In accordance with accepted practice, those faces of sheets 1,2
directed toward heating element 3 may be suitably treated with a
black dye for enhancing the heat absorptive and heat emissive
capacities of said sheets 1,2.
It is to be observed that anchor 6 is flexible in character as
distinguished from the solid ceramic compositions heretofore used
for maintaining coiled resistant wires in position. By such
flexibility a desired resistance to shock is provided so as to
reduce any fragility of panel A.
With heating element 3 being thus held in position in but a minimal
portion of its total extent, the same is freed for both contraction
and expansion to extents heretofore unknown. This added capability
can manifestly conduce to the provision of more effective and
efficient heat supply than currently considered possible in panels
of the type here involved. Also, conversely, wire of relatively
reduced diameter may be utilized in view of the developed
efficiency.
Panel A is completed by a covering sheet 8, as being of mesh
character, and formed from a suitable high dielectric material,
such as glass fibers. Said covering sheet 8 is disposed against the
face of sheet 1 opposite that which confronts heating element 3 and
with the marginal portions of covering sheet 8 being folded, in
overlapping relationship, as at 8', about the face of sheet 2
remote from heating element 3 (see FIG. 4). Covering sheet 8 is of
light weight and serves to tie the inner sandwich together while
contemporaneously providing protection to panel A to render same
less subject to damage through abusive handling. A binder, such as
a mixture of clay and colloidal silica, or aluminum acid phosphate,
is used for integrating covering sheet 8 with the retained
components, as above described, of panel A. The exterior face of
covering 8 is also coated black, such as by a mixture of colloidal
silica and black dye, in a compatible vehicle, such as water. When
dried, the solids produce a black surface which enhances the
efficiency for infrared emission.
As noted hereinabove, end portions 4,5 of heating element 3 will
extend through openings in sheet 2 and the folded marginal portions
of covering sheet 8, as at 9.
From the foregoing it is apparent that panel A is uniquely
constructed so as to present but a minimal portion of heating
element 3 in secured relationship to the adjacent components
thereby simplifying manufacturing procedures with attendant
economies in both labor and material; as well as materially
providing improved efficiency in operation.
Panel A is of relatively light weight and by virtue of such
relatively reduced mass requires less time for heating to be
brought to the operating temperature and consequently represents a
marked advance over presently used emitters wherein the elements
are fully encased by the positioning means.
A heating element constituted of wire in serpentine form with long
straight lengths lowers the element or resistance wire temperature
as compared with coiled wire in solidly embedded types, therefore
increasing element life and distributing heat over a wider
area.
* * * * *