U.S. patent number 3,809,033 [Application Number 05/270,698] was granted by the patent office on 1974-05-07 for rocker arm engine brake system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Jacobs Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to Charles F. Cartledge.
United States Patent |
3,809,033 |
Cartledge |
May 7, 1974 |
ROCKER ARM ENGINE BRAKE SYSTEM
Abstract
A rocker arm engine brake system for an internal combustion
engine in which a rocker arm is movable by a cam operating off the
cam shaft to open the exhaust valve of a cylinder at the usual time
in the piston cycle; and when it is desired to retard the speed of
the engine, a lash piston in the rocker arm is hydraulically
extensible at the will of the operator to take up the usual lash
between the rocker arm and the exhaust valve so as to enable an
auxiliary cam operating off the cam shaft to effectively cooperate
with the rocker arm to open the exhaust valve at a time toward the
end of a compression stroke of the piston so as to dissipate the
energy of gases of compression from acting upon the piston.
Separate passages in the rocker arm shaft are utilized for
providing fluid for operating the lash piston and for general
lubrication. The passages are interconnected by bleed holes.
Selective control of the hydraulic system is obtained by means of a
solenoid operable valve.
Inventors: |
Cartledge; Charles F. (West
Hartford, CT) |
Assignee: |
The Jacobs Manufacturing
Company (West Hartford, CT)
|
Family
ID: |
23032416 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/270,698 |
Filed: |
July 11, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
123/90.46;
123/182.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01L
13/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F01L
13/06 (20060101); F01l 013/06 (); F02d
013/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;123/97B,90.46,182,90.6 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Myhre; Charles J.
Assistant Examiner: Rutledge, Jr.; W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Rudy; Stephen J.
Claims
1. An internal combustion engine including a piston cylinder served
by an exhaust valve, a rocker arm pivotable about a rocker arm
shaft against the valve to force the valve to open condition, means
supporting the shaft upon the engine, rotating cam means having
periodic cooperation with the rocker arm to pivot it relative to
the valve but disabled because of loss motion existing between the
rocker arm and the valve from pivoting the rocker arm sufficiently
to force the valve to open condition, and selectively operable
means for taking up the loss motion so as to remove said disability
of the cam means, the selectively operable means comprising a lash
piston in a bore of the rocker arm having a retracted condition in
which said loss motion exists and having a projected condition in
which the loss motion is taken up, an hydraulic circuit for feeding
hydraulic fluid to the bore to project the lash piston, and
selectively operable control valve means in the circuit for
controlling flow of said fluid in the circuit, wherein the shaft is
formed with a pair of separate longitudinally extending conduits, a
first one of the conduits being part of said circuit and connecting
the control valve means with passage means in the rocker arm
leading to the bore of the lash piston, and the second one of the
conduits having lateral lube ports through the wall of the shaft
and connected for receiving oil feed from the engine's crankcase,
the conduits being interconnected by bleed holes, the control valve
means having a closed normal position blocking feeding of hydraulic
fluid into the first conduit and allowing relief of hydraulic fluid
from the first conduit to a relief port, and having an open
operated position allowing feed of hydraulic fluid into the first
conduit and blocking escape of hydraulic fluid from the first
conduit to the relief port, wherein a one-way check valve is
disposed in the rocker arm in the passage means between the bore of
the lash piston and the control valve means permitting flow in the
passage means to the bore, and wherein a relief passage connects
the passage means between the check valve and the bore
2. An internal combustion engine as in claim 1, wherein a shuttle
valve normally blocks flow of fluid beyond the check valve to the
bore of the lash piston and communicates the bore of the lash
piston with the drain
3. An internal combustion engine as in claim 2, wherein the drain
port is at a level above that of the bore of the lash piston and
the passage
4. An internal combustion engine as in claim 2, wherein the shuttle
valve has a moved position in the passage means communicating the
bore of the lash piston with flow through the check valve, and
blocking communication
5. An internal combustion engine including a piston cylinder served
by an exhaust valve, a rocker arm pivotable about a rocker arm
shaft against the valve to force the valve to open condition, means
supporting the shaft upon the engine, rotating cam means having
periodic cooperation with the rocker arm to pivot it relative to
the valve but disabled because of loss motion existing between the
rocker arm and the valve from pivoting the rocker arm sufficiently
to force the valve to open condition, and selectively operable
means for taking up the loss motion so as to remove said disability
of the cam means, the selectively operable means comprising a lash
piston in a bore of the rocker arm having a retracted condition in
which said loss motion exists and having a projected condition in
which the loss motion is taken up, a hydraulic circuit for feeding
hydraulic fluid to the bore to project the lash piston, and
selectively operable control valve means in the circuit for
controlling flow of said fluid in the circuit, wherein the shaft is
formed with a pair of separate longitudinally extending conduits, a
first one of the conduits being part of said circuit and connecting
the control valve means with passage means in the rocker arm
leading to the bore of the lash piston, there being a check valve
in the passage means between the bore and the control valve means
and the second one of the conduits having lateral lube ports
through the wall of the shaft and connected for receiving oil feed
from the engine's crankcase, the conduits being interconnected by
bleed holes, the control valve means having a closed normal
position blocking feeding of hydraulic fluid into the first conduit
and allowing relief of hydraulic fluid from the first conduit to a
relief port, and having an open operated position allowing feed of
hydraulic fluid into the first conduit and blocking escape of
hydraulic fluid from the first conduit to the relief port, wherein
the control valve means is connected upstream of the check valve
with a supply line leading through a pump to the oil crankcase of
the engine, and wherein the relief port is connected with the first
conduit by a passage having a level corresponding to a level
about
6. An internal combustion engine as in claim 5, wherein the flow of
oil fluid in the second conduit is continuous, a partition strip
separates the first conduit from the second, and bleed holes are
provided in the partition strip communicating oil fluid from the
second conduit to the first conduit whereby the first conduit in
the normal condition of the control valve is being continuously
flushed by bleed oil from the second
7. An internal combustion engine including a piston cylinder served
by an exhaust valve, a rocker arm pivotable about a rocker arm
shaft against the valve to force the valve to open condition, means
supporting the shaft upon the engine, rotating cam means having
periodic cooperation with the rocker arm to pivot it relative to
the valve but disabled because of loss motion existing between the
rocker arm and the valve from pivoting the rocker arm sufficiently
to force the valve to open condition, and selectively operable
means for taking up the loss motion so as to remove said disability
of the cam means, the selectively operable means comprising a lash
piston in a bore of the rocker arm having a retracted condition in
which said loss motion exists and having a projected condition in
which the loss motion is taken up, a hydraulic circuit for feeding
hydraulic fluid to the bore to project the lash piston, and
selectively operable control valve means in the circuit for
controlling flow of said fluid in the circuit, wherein the shaft is
formed with a pair of separate longitudinally extending conduits, a
first one of the conduits being part of said circuit and connecting
the control valve means with passage means in the rocker arm
leading to the bore of the lash piston, and the second one of the
conduits having lateral lube ports through the wall of the shaft
and connected for receiving oil feed from the engine's crankcase,
the conduits being interconnected by bleed holes, the control valve
means having a closed normal position blocking feeding of hydraulic
fluid into the first conduit and allowing relief of hydraulic fluid
from the first conduit to a relief port, and having an open
operated position allowing feed of hydraulic fluid into the first
conduit and blocking escape of hydraulic fluid from the first
conduit to the relief port, and wherein a unit comprising a one-way
check valve member combined with a shuttle valve member is
positioned in the rocker arm in the passage means between the
control valve means and the bore of the lash piston, the unit
having a normal position upon a relaxed fluid pressure condition
existing in the passage means upstream of the unit, in which normal
position the bore of the lash piston is in communication with a
drain port and is blocked by the shuttle valve member from
communication with the check
8. An internal combustion engine as in claim 7, wherein the unit
has a moved condition under pressure of hydraulic fluid admitted to
the passage means, in which moved condition the shuttle valve
member blocks communication of the bore of the lash piston with the
drain port and provides communication of said bore with the check
valve member, the check valve member being movable under said
hydraulic pressure so as to allow
9. An internal combustion engine including a piston cylinder served
by an exhaust valve, a rocker arm pivotable about a rocker arm
shaft against the valve to force the valve to open condition, means
supporting the shaft upon the engine, rotating cam means having
periodic cooperation with the rocker arm to pivot it relative to
the valve but disabled because of loss motion existing between the
rocker arm and the valve from pivoting the rocker arm sufficiently
to force the valve to open condition, and selectively operable
means for taking up the loss motion so as to remove said disability
of the cam means, the selectively operable means comprising a lash
piston in a bore of the rocker arm having a retracted condition in
which said loss motion exists and having a projected condition in
which the loss motion is taken up, a hydraulic circuit for feeding
hydraulic fluid to the bore to project the lash piston, and
selectively operable control valve means in the circuit for
controlling flow of said fluid in the circuit, wherein the shaft is
formed with a pair of separate longitudinally extending conduits, a
first one of the conduits being part of said circuit and connecting
the control valve means with passage means in the rocker arm
leading to the bore of the lash piston, the second one of the
conduits having lateral lube ports through the wall of the shaft
and connected for receiving oil feed from the engine's crankcase,
the conduits being interconnected by bleed holes; wherein a one way
check valve is disposed in the rocker arm in the passage means
between the bore of the lash piston and the control valve means
permitting flow in the passage means to the bore; and wherein a
relief passage connects the
10. An internal combustion engine including a piston cylinder
served by an exhaust valve, a rocker arm pivotable about a rocker
arm shaft against the valve to force the valve to open condition,
means supporting the shaft upon the engine, rotating cam means
having periodic cooperation with the rocker arm to pivot it
relative to the valve but disabled because of loss motion existing
between the rocker arm and the valve from pivoting the rocker arm
sufficiently to force the valve to open condition, and selectively
operable means for taking up the loss motion so as to remove said
disability of the cam means, the selectively operable means
comprising a lash piston in a bore of the rocker arm having a
retracted condition in which said loss motion exists and having a
projected condition in which the loss motion is taken up, an
hydraulic circuit for feeding hydraulic fluid to the bore to
project the lash piston, and selectively operable control valve
means in the circuit for controlling flow of said fluid in the
circuit; wherein the shaft is formed with a pair of separate
longitudinally extending conduits, a first one of the conduits
being part of said circuit and connecting the control valve means
with passage means in the rocker arm leading to the bore of the
lash piston, there being a check valve in the passage means between
the bore and the control valve means and the second one of the
conduits having lateral lube ports through the wall of the shaft
and connected for receiving oil feed from the engine's crankcase,
the conduits being interconnected by bleed holes; wherein the
control valve means is connected upstream of the check valve with a
supply line leading through a pump to the oil crankcase of the
engine; wherein the control valve means has a normal condition
blocking flow from the supply line to the first conduit and
communicating the said conduit with a relief port; and wherein the
relief port is connected with the first conduit by a passage having
a level corresponding
11. An internal combustion engine including a piston cylinder
served by an exhaust valve, a rocker arm pivotable about a rocker
arm shaft against the valve to force the valve to open condition,
means supporting the shaft upon the engine, rotating cam means
having periodic cooperation with the rocker arm to pivot it
relative to the valve but disabled because of loss motion existing
between the rocker arm and the valve from pivoting the rocker arm
sufficiently to force the valve to open condition, and selectively
operable means for taking up the loss motion so as to remove said
disability of the cam means, the selectively operable means
comprising a lash piston in a bore of the rocker arm having a
retracted condition in which said loss motion exists and having a
projected condition in which the loss motion is taken up, an
hydraulic circuit for feeding hydraulic fluid to the bore to
project the lash piston, and selectively operable control valve
means in the circuit for controlling flow of said fluid in the
circuit; wherein the shaft is formed with a pair of separate
longitudinally extending conduits, a first one of the conduits
being part of said circuit and connecting the control valve means
with passage means in the rocker arm leading to the bore of the
lash piston, and the second one of the conduits having lateral lube
ports through the wall of the shaft and connected for receiving oil
feed from the engine's crankcase, the conduits being interconnected
by bleed holes; and wherein a unit comprising a one way check valve
member combined with a shuttle valve member is positioned in the
rocker arm in the passage means between the control valve means and
the bore of the lash piston, the unit having a normal position upon
a relaxed fluid pressure condition existing in the passage means
upstream of the unit, in which normal position the bore of the lash
piston is in communication with a drain port and is blocked by the
shuttle valve member from communication with the check valve
member.
12. An internal combustion engine including a piston cylinder
served by an exhaust valve, a rocker arm pivotable about a rocker
arm shaft against the valve to force the valve to open condition,
means supporting the shaft upon the engine, rotating cam means
having periodic cooperation with the rocker arm to pivot it
relative to the valve but disabled because of loss motion existing
between the rocker arm and the valve from pivoting the rocker arm
sufficiently to force the valve to open condition, and selectively
operable means for taking up the loss motion so as to remove said
disability of the cam means, the selectively operable means
comprising a lash piston in a bore of the rocker arm having a
retracted condition in which said loss motion exists and having a
projected condition in which the loss motion is taken up, an
hydraulic circuit for feeding hydraulic fluid to the bore to
project the lash piston, and selectively operable control valve
means in the circuit for controlling flow of said fluid in the
circuit; wherein the shaft is formed with a pair of separate
longitudinally extending conduits, a first one of the conduits
being part of said circuit and connecting the control valve means
with passage means in the rocker arm leading to the bore of the
lash piston, and the second one of the conduits having lateral lube
ports through the wall of the shaft and connected for receiving oil
feed from the engine's crankcase; wherein a one way check valve is
disposed in the rocker arm in the passage means between the bore of
the lash piston and the control valve means permitting flow in the
passage means to the bore; and wherein a relief passage connects
the passage means between the check valve and
13. An internal combustion engine as in claim 12, wherein a shuttle
valve normally blocks flow of fluid beyond the check valve to the
bore of the lash piston and communicates the bore of the lash
piston with the drain
14. An internal combustion engine as in claim 13, wherein the drain
port is at a level above that of the bore of the lash piston and
the passage
15. An internal combustion engine as in claim 12, wherein a unit
comprising a one way check valve member combined with a shuttle
valve member is positioned in the rocker arm in the passage means
between the control valve means and the bore of the lash piston,
the unit having a normal position upon a relaxed fluid pressure
condition existing in the passage means upstream of the unit, in
which normal position the bore of the lash piston is in
communication with a drain port and is blocked by the shuttle
16. An internal combustion engine as in claim 15, wherein the unit
has a moved condition under pressure of hydraulic fluid admitted to
the passage means, in which moved condition the shuttle valve
member blocks communication of the bore of the lash piston with the
drain port and provides communication of said bore with the check
valve member, the check valve member being movable under said
hydraulic pressure so as to allow fluid flow to the said bore.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the art of rocker arm engine brake
devices incorporated in an internal combustion engine, the devices
being of a type wherein the exhaust valve of a piston cylinder is
caused to be cammed open not only during the usual time in the
piston cycle, but also at a time near the end of a compression
stroke so as to relieve the cylinder of compressed gases and, as a
consequence, dissipate the energy which would otherwise be applied
to the piston.
2. Description of Prior Art
Devices of the general nature are known from U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,367,312 and 3,332,405. In these devices, the usual cam operating
off the cam shaft acts through a rocker arm to open the exhaust
valve at the usual time in the engine's cycle. To cause the exhaust
valve to open toward the end of the compression stroke when it is
desired to retard the speed of the engine, a lash piston is
hydraulically operable in the rocker arm at the will of the
operator to take up the ususal lash existing between the rocker arm
and the exhaust valve so as to enable an auxiliary cam operating
off the cam shaft to act through the rocker arm to open the exhaust
valve.
The objective of the present invention is to provide a device of
this lash piston type having an improved hydraulic system for
operating the lash piston.
A feature of this improved system lies in the manner in which the
rocker arm shaft is utilized for supplying crankcase oil for
general lubricating purposes and for also supplying crankcase oil
for operating the lash piston.
Another feature of this improved system lies in the structured
arrangement of the passages for the hydraulic feed whereby
undesirable air bubbles are relieved from the system.
Other features and advantages of the system will appear from the
detailed description of the invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention, there is provided in an internal
combustion engine including a piston cylinder served by an exhaust
valve, a rocker arm pivotable about a rocker arm shaft against the
valve to force the valve to open condition, pedestal means
supporting the shaft upon the engine, rotating cam means having
periodic cooperation with the rocker arm to pivot it relative to
the valve but disabled because of loss motion existing between the
rocker arm and the valve from pivoting the rocker arm sufficiently
to force the valve to open condition, and selectively operable
means for taking up the loss motion so as to remove said disability
of the cam means, the selectively operable means comprising a lash
piston in a bore of the rocker arm having a retracted condition in
which said loss motion exists and having a projected condition in
which the loss motion is taken up, an hydraulic circuit for feeding
pressurized fluid to the bore to project the lash piston, and
selectively operable control valve means in the circuit for
controlling flow of said fluid in the circuit, wherein the shaft is
formed with a pair of longitudinally extending conduits, a first
one of the conduits being part of said circuit and connecting the
control valve means with passage means in the rocker arm leading to
the bore of the lash piston, and the second one of the conduits
having lateral lube ports through the wall of the shaft and
connected for receiving oil feed from the engine's crankcase.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
In the accompanying drawing:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a section of a rocker arm shaft of an
internal combustion diesel engine in which the invention is
embodied;
FIG. 2 is a section on line 2--2 of FIG. 1 directed to the solenoid
valve control unit incorporated in a supporting pedestal of the
rocker arm shaft;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary portion of FIG. 2 showing the
moved position of the solenoid valve following enerization of the
solenoid;
FIG. 4 is a section taken on line 4--4 of FIG. 1 showing the
relation of an exhaust rocker arm to the exhaust valves of one of
the cylinders of the engine;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged detail showing the follower end of the push
rod of FIG. 4 in association with a cam element carried by the
engine's cam shaft;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged detail of the rocker arm shown in FIG. 4 with
portions cut away;
FIG. 7 is a section taken on line 7--7 of FIG. 6 illustrating the
normal position of the combined shuttle and check valve unit;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged detail illustrating the moved condition of
the combined shuttle and check valve unit shown in FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a view corresponding to that of FIG. 6 of a modified
embodiment but illustrating the arrangement in the hydraulic system
of the shuttle and check valves as separate elements;
FIG. 10 is a section on line 10--10 of FIG. 9 illustrating the
arrangement of the shuttle and check valves; and
FIG. 11 is a view corresponding to that of FIG. 4 but showing an
embodiment in which the rocker arm arm overlies a single exhaust
valve.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT (FIGS. 1-8)
Reference is directed to the several FIGURES of the accompanying
drawing, and now especially to FIGS. 1-8, wherein the invention is
illustrated as incorporated in an internal combustion diesel engine
in association with one of its cylinders 10 (FIG. 4). The piston 11
operating in the cylinder is of the four-stroke cycle type. Only so
much of the engine needed for an understanding of the invention is
described. Accordingly, no description is made of the usual fuel
injector and air intake mechanism associated with the cylinder.
The cylinder is served by a pair of exhaust valves 12 which are
normally held closed, as in FIG. 4, by the usual valve springs 13.
An exhaust valve actuating bridge 14 spanning the stems 15 of both
valves is actuable by an overhead rocker arm 16 to force the valves
to open condition. The bridge is slidably supported upon a stud 17,
anchored in the cylinder head 18 in such manner as to allow axial
sliding movement of the bridge relative to the valves.
The rocker arm is pivoted between its ends upon a stationary rocker
arm shaft 21 which is supported by pedestal means 22 (FIG. 1)
bolted atop the cylinder head. One end of the rocker arm is located
above the central area of the bridge 14 and an opposite end
overlies a push rod 24. The rocker arm is pivotable by the push rod
relative to the bridge upon cooperation of a rotating cam element
25 (FIG. 5) with the push rod. The push rod is provided with a boot
or follower 26 which rides the periphery of the cam element. The
cam element is carried by the usual cam shaft 27. The latter is
drivably connected in conventional manner to the usual crankshaft
of the engine.
The cam element 25 has a main cam rise or lobe 28 on its periphery
which is cooperable with the push rod at the usual time in the
piston cycle to open the exhaust valves. There is also provided on
the periphery of the cam element in angular space relation to the
rise 28 an auxiliary or second cam rise 29 of smaller or lesser
radial extent than that of the main rise 28. It is cooperable with
the push rod to pivot the rocker arm relative to the bridge 14 at a
time near the end of the compression stroke of the piston. The
auxiliary cam rise is obtained by undercutting the base circle of
the cam element as indicated by the broken line 30. The timing of
the cooperation of the respective cam rises with the push rod is
determined by the angular position given to the cam rises relative
to each other and by the angular disposition of the cam element 25
upon the cam shaft 27.
Normally, the cooperation of the auxiliary cam rise with the push
rod is ineffective to cause movement of the bridge to open the
exhaust valves because of the usual slight lash or loss motion
existing between the rocker arm and the bridge. When it is desired
to convert the engine from normal power operation to braking
operation, it is intended that the lash in the rocker arm be taken
up so that the exhaust valves will be caused to open through the
action of the auxiliary cam rise 29 at or near the end of the
compression stroke so as to relieve the cylinder of the driving
energy of compressed gases. To accomplish this, a lash piston 31
(FIGS. 4, 6, 7) is provided in a bore 32 of the rocker arm 16. It
is arranged to be operable upon demand of the operator to move
outwardly of the rocker arm into pressed relation with the valve
bridge so as to take up the lash in the rocker arm.
The lash piston is located in the rocker arm above the central area
of the valve bridge. It is normally held seated against the bottom
of its bore by the biasing force of a return spring 33. The spring
is of U-form (FIG. 7), having a bridge piece 34 fastened to the
underside of an ear 36 of the rocker arm, and having a pair of
parallel spring legs 35. One of the legs extends across a flat at
one side of an externally projecting portion of the piston, and the
other leg extends across a similar flat at the opposite side of the
piston. The spring legs exert a biasing force upon overhead
shoulders 37, defined by the flats of the piston, which force
normally seats the piston in its bore. The spring legs also
cooperate with the flats to prevent turning of the piston in its
bore.
The lash piston is hydraulically movable at the election of the
operator outwardly of the rocker arm against the bias of the return
spring 33 to take up the lash between the rocker arm and the
bridge. The hydraulic system, whereby oil is fed from the engine's
crankcase to operate the lash piston, and whereby the spent oil is
subsequently returned to the crankcase when the braking operation
is terminated, represents an advantageous feature of the
invention.
The hydraulic system includes a solenoid control valve unit 38
(FIGS. 1-3), shown here as mounted in the pedestal 22. It may,
however, be mounted in any convenient location suitable for the
purposes intended; for example, on an end of the rocker arm shaft,
or outside of the engine. The unit is operable by means of a
switch, schematically indicated at 39. The latter may be located in
the instrument panel for manual operation, or may be associated
with a foot pedal or other convenient means of operation. The valve
unit includes a solenoid spool valve 40 which has a normal
position, as in FIG. 2, blocking operating oil flow from the
crankcase to the lash piston.
When the control unit 38 is energized, the solenoid valve 40 is
moved downwardly against the force of a return spring 41 to an "on"
condition, as in FIG. 3, for conducting hydraulic operating fluid
to the lash piston. This allows oil drawn by a pump 42 from the
engine's crankcase 43 to be forced at a predetermined high pressure
over a supply line 44 into the valve chamber and through side ports
45 to a passage 46. The latter passage leads through the wall of
the rocker arm shaft 21 into a conduit 48 extending axially through
the shaft.
Conduit 48 has been provided by inserting a spring partition strip
49 axially into the usual center hole of the rocker arm shaft so as
to divide the hole into a pair of longitudinally extending conduits
48 and 51. Conduit 48 is utilized for conducting oil to operate the
lash piston; whereas conduit 51 is used for conducting a supply of
oil for lubricating purposes. Conduit 51 is connected by an
individual supply passage 52 with the crankcase. Oil is pumped from
the crankcase in usual manner through passage 52 into conduit 51.
The oil flowing in conduit 51 passes through various bleed holes in
the rocker arm shaft, one being shown at 53 (FIG. 6), to lubricate
the rocker arm and the push rod. Conduits 48 and 51 are sealed at
opposite ends from one another.
Pressurized oil entering conduit 48 flows out of a port 54 (FIGS.
6-8) in the wall of the rocker arm shaft to a passage 55 in the
rocker arm connecting at 56 to one end of a shuttle valve chamber
57 in the rocker arm. An opposite open end of the valve chamber is
covered by a drain plate 58 having a groove defining a relief port
59 exiting at the uppermost area of the rocker arm, as best seen in
FIG. 6. A port 61 intermediately of the ends of the valve chamber
leads to an area at the back or upper end of the bore 32 of the
lash piston.
A combined shuttle valve and check valve unit 62 operable in the
valve chamber 57 controls flow of pressure oil to force the lash
piston 31 downward and outwardly of the rocker arm against the
valve bridge 14 to take up the existing lash in the rocker arm. It
also controls subsequent relief of such oil to the drain port 59 so
as to enable the lash piston to be returned by its spring 33 to
normal condition, as in FIG. 6, seated at the back of its bore
32.
A shuttle valve member 63 of the combined valve unit has a
cylindrical body provided with an axial bore in which a seat 64 for
a ball check valve 65 is fitted. A return spring 66 normally holds
the check valve seated so as to block communication of an inlet
passage 67 through the check valve with side ports 68 opening
through the mid-area of the body of the shuttle valve. The shuttle
valve has a normal position, under the bias of a return spring 69
(as in FIG. 7) wherein its side ports are blocked by the wall of
the valve chamber from communicating with the port 61 leading to
the area at the back of the lash piston. The shuttle valve has an
opposite or moved position (as in FIG. 8) in which its side ports
68 register with port 61, and in which the latter is blocked by a
rear body portion of the shuttle valve from communicating with the
relief port 59 in plate 58. A bushing 71 fitted in the shuttle
valve chamber serves as a stop to limit the moved position of the
shuttle valve.
Pressurized oil flowing in passage 55 from the rocker arm shaft to
the end 56 of the shuttle valve chamber 57 moves the valve against
the bias of its return spring 69 to register its side ports 68 with
the port 61, as in FIG. 8. With this action, the pressurized oil
passes through the seat of the ball check valve 65 to the back of
the lash piston 31 and forces the latter down against the valve
bridge 14. The oil pressure acting upon the lash piston is adequate
to move the piston against the force of its return spring 33
sufficiently to take up the existing lash, but is inadequate to
cause the valve bridge to open the exhaust valves.
As long as the solenoid valve unit 38 is energized to maintain the
oil pressure against the lash portion, the latter retains its
displaced condition and is hydraulically locked by means of the
one-way check valve 65 from returning to its normal condition. Each
time the rocker arm is subsequently pivoted by the auxiliary cam
rise 29, as well as by the main cam rise 28, it acts through the
extended lash piston, pressing against the valve bridge to open the
exhaust valves. As the engine cycles, the exhaust valves will be
opened at the usual time in the cycle through the camming action of
the main cam rise 28 with the push rod and will also be opened near
the end of the compression stroke through the camming action of the
auxiliary cam rise 29 with the push rod.
When it is desired to convert the engine from braking operation
back to normal power operation, the solenoid control valve unit 38
is deenergized by the operator. The solenoid spring 41 then returns
the solenoid valve to its normal or "off" position (FIG. 2), in
which position the inlet ports 44 of the unit are blocked from the
valve ports 45 and the latter communicate around the lower end of
the solenoid valve with a drain port 70. Upon deenerigization of
the solenoid valve unit, the pressure of oil filling the
passageways 46, 48 and 55 between the solenoid valve outlets 45 and
the area 56 at the back of the shuttle valve chamber is relieved as
the oil spills over through the solenoid ports 45 to the drain port
70. Oil issuing from the latter drops to the cylinder head or deck
18 and finds its way in conventional manner back to the crankcase
43.
Also, as the pressure behind the shuttle valve is relaxed following
deenergization of valve 38, spring 69 returns the shuttle valve to
its normal position, as in FIG. 7. This serves to communicate the
lash piston feed port 61 with the drain 59. Oil at the rear of the
lash piston is then forced to spill out of the drain 59 as spring
33 returns the lash piston to its normally retracted condition
(FIG. 6). Oil spilling from the drain 59 drips downward onto the
cylinder head to find its way back to the crankcase in conventional
manner.
A desirable advantage of the hydraulic system lies in its capacity
to purge itself of air and air bubbles, especially in the passage
61 between the shuttle valve 63 and the bore 32 of the lash piston.
It is to be noted in this respect that, when the oil pressure in
the passages 46, 48, 55 between the solenoid valve 38 and the
chamber 57 of the shuttle valve unit is relaxed, the check valve 65
is caused to close by its spring 66 and the pressure of oil at the
rear of the lash piston is relieved through the drain port 59. The
latter port is located at the upper most area of the rocker arm at
a level above that of the bore 32 of the lash piston and above the
level of the horizontally disposed shuttle valve chamber 57, as
best seen in FIG. 6. Accordingly, the hydraulic circuit area
between the shuttle valve and the bore 32 of the lash piston
remains at all times filled with oil. If any air bubbles should
find their way to the circuit area beyond the check valve 65, they
will rise upwardly through the oil to escape through the drain port
59. Air bubbles are undesirable in the circuit area beyond the
check valve when the lash piston has been hydraulically extended
since they are subject to compression and may cause the piston to
be correspondingly retracted into its bore when the rocker arm is
actuated by the auxiliary cam rise. This retraction or spongy
action of the lash piston could result in a failure of the rocker
arm to adequately open the exhaust valves.
A further advantage of the hydraulic system is that no undesirable
pumping action of the lash piston takes place relative to its bore
31 after the braking operation has been terminated. This is because
the piston is held retracted and seated at the bottom of its bore
by the return spring 33 and is, accordingly, solidly backed each
time it is pressed by the rocker arm against the valve bridge
during power operation of the engine. Nor is there any pumping
action of the lash piston during the braking operation since it is
hydraulically locked outwardly in its extended condition.
Air is also constantly being urged or driven from the conduit 48
during the time that the solenoid unit is deenergized. Conduit 48
is being constantly primed and flushed during this period with oil
bleeding into it from conduit 51 through bleed holes 50 in the
partition strip 49, one being shown in FIG. 6. Oil pumped from the
crankcase is constantly being circulated through conduit 51 for
lubricating purposes. This constant entry of oil from conduit 51 to
conduit 48 to the circuit between the solenoid valve and the
shuttle valve causes a continuous spill of oil through the drain 70
of the solenoid valve unit that tends to prevent any air from
possibly accumulating in the circuit. It is also to be noted (FIG.
2) that the side ports 45 of the solenoid valve unit incline
upwardly from the passage 46 that opens through the wall of the
rocker shaft into conduit 48. Accordingly, ports 45 are at a level
above port 46 so that the conduit 48 is never fully drained of its
oil, and oil therein always remains at a level above its entry port
46. This construction further inhibits the possibility of air
entering the hydraulic circuit.
It is to be noted that in lieu of utilizing the flexible strip 49
in conjunction with the usual center hole in the rocker arm shaft
to provide the passages 48 and 51, a rocker arm shaft may be
designed for this purpose having a pair of separate longitudinal
extending holes therein interconnected with one another by bleed
holes.
SECOND EMBODIMENT (FIGS. 9, 10)
In the embodiment described above, the shuttle and check valves 63,
65 are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 as combined into a unit or one-piece
arrangement. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the shuttle
valve 63a and the check valve 65a, 64a are shown as two separate
elements. In this second embodiment, a passage 72 connects conduit
48 with a passage 73. The check valve unit 65a, 64a is located in a
branch 74 of passage 73, and it normally blocks passage 73 from a
passage 75 connected with a passage 76 leading to the back of the
bore 32a of the lash piston 31a. The shuttle valve 63a is a solid
member or slug slidable in a second branch 77 of the passage 73.
This second branch 77 normally communicates the back of the piston
bore 32a from passages 76 and 78 with a drain passage 79. In the
operation of this embodiment, when pressurized crankcase oil is fed
to passage 72 from conduit 48, it flows to passage 73 and
simultaneously shifts the shuttle valve 63a to block passages 76,
78 from the drain; and opens the check valve 65a to flow of
pressurized oil to passage 76 to displace the lash piston. When
pressure of oil in passage 73 is subsequently relaxed upon
discontinuance of flow to conduit 48, the check valve 65a is closed
by its spring; and the shuttle valve 63a is reshifted by its spring
to communicate the back of the lash piston with the drain passage
79. The drain passage exits at a level above passage 76, as at
80.
It is understood that a separate rocker arm assembly, as described
above in the foregoing embodiments, could be associated with the
exhaust valves of each cylinder of the engine; and that all of the
exhaust valve rocker arms pivoted upon the rocker arm shaft 21
could be controlled by but one solenoid control valve unit since
the conduit 48 in the rocker arm shaft would be common to and serve
the several rocker arms pivoted upon the shaft, and the conduit 51
would be common to the several rocker arms for lubricating
purposes.
FIG. 11 EMBODIMENT
While the rocker arm assembly has been shown as acting through a
bridge to operate a pair of exhaust valves, it is understood that
where (as in FIG. 11) a cylinder 10b is served by a single exhaust
valve 12b, the bridge would be eliminated and the lash piston 31b
would directly overlie the stem 15b of the single exhaust
valve.
* * * * *