U.S. patent number 3,807,727 [Application Number 05/267,502] was granted by the patent office on 1974-04-30 for programmed skiing simulator, trainer and exerciser.
Invention is credited to Lamont Ferguson.
United States Patent |
3,807,727 |
Ferguson |
April 30, 1974 |
PROGRAMMED SKIING SIMULATOR, TRAINER AND EXERCISER
Abstract
A programmed skiing simulater, trainer and exerciser. The
machine comprises an inclined board over which two simulated skiis
move. Each of the skiis is both pivotable and slidable at one end
on slide-ball-pivot points. The other end of each ski also rides on
a similar ball-pivot point, mounted on a wheel carriage, enabling
the ski end to swing in a wide curve from one side to the other, in
a programmed arc. The skiis are provided with tubular slotted
tracks underneath, thus permitting them to tilt from side to side
and slide on the pivot points while turning. By interchanging the
wheel carriages with a differently designed "avalement" wheel
carriage different movements may be performed.
Inventors: |
Ferguson; Lamont (Glen Cove,
NY) |
Family
ID: |
23019057 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/267,502 |
Filed: |
June 29, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
482/71 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
69/18 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63B
69/18 (20060101); A63b 069/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;272/57B ;35/29R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Oechsle; Anton O.
Assistant Examiner: Stouffer; R. T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kollin; Jacob L.
Claims
I claim:
1. A ski simulator, trainer and exerciser machine comprising in
combination, a skiing board, adjustable support means secured to
the underside of one end of said board for maintaining said skiing
board in an inclined position, a programming deck mounted on said
one end of the skiing board and spaced parallel therefrom, a bridge
spaced intermediate of said skiing board and said programming deck,
ski carriage means pivotably mounted intermediate said skiing board
and said prgramming deck, roller means secured to said carriage
means for pivoting said carriage means on said skiing board, a ski
pivot slide-ball holder adjustably secured on said deck, a pair of
simulated skiis pivotable on said carriage means and on said slide
ball holder, said bridge and said ski carriage means each being
provided with a plurality of spaced programming holes means adapted
to engage any selected one of said holes in said bridge and any
selected one of said holes in said ski carriage means for
adjustably securing said ski carriage means at predetermined
stations.
2. The machine as claimed in claim 1, said carriage means
comprising a pair of elongated members, having free ends provided
with fixed ball point pivot pins, said pair of simulated skiis
having underside portions of slotted tubular cross-section slidably
and tiltably mounted on said fixed ball-point pins.
3. The machine according to claim 2, wherein said programming holes
are on said pair of elongated members and are arranged
longitudinally thereof, the holes in said programming deck in said
bridge and in said ski-pivot slide-ball holder extending
substantially transversely to said longitudinally carriage members,
said programming board being further provided with a plurality of
spaced pairs of holes extending in a path at right angles to said
transverse holes.
4. The machine as claimed in claim 3, further provided with a pair
of reversible stop plates securable to the free ends of said
carriages, said stop plates being respectively formed with notches
for locking the skiis horizontally on said carriage means.
5. The machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein said skiing board is
provided with a pair of detents for limiting the lateral
displacement of said free ends of the simulated skiis.
6. The device according to claim 1, wherein said skiing board is
provided with a plurality of non-skid holes for inserting tips of
ski poles.
7. The machine according to claim 1, wherein said carriage means
comprises an avalement carriage member adjustably pivotable with
one end about an axis intermediate said programming deck and said
ski board, a rotating bridge adjustably pivoted on the other end of
said carriage member and displaceable in an arcuate path relative
to said axis, said pair of simulated skiis being pivoted with one
of their ends to said rotating bridge and adjustably pivoted with
their other ends to said ski pivot slide ball holder.
Description
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide a machine which
will enable its user to perform at home, most of the varied
positions required for different techniques of skiing for training
and exercise purposes.
Another object of the invention is to provide a machine in which by
repositioning certain parts by means of "programmed" holes,
different degrees and speeds of movement may be achieved. Further
by interchanging parts with an avalement accessory, an entirely
different series of ski movements may be performed. These new
movements may also be programmed to vary the size of the swinging
arc, the speed of the movements and the degrees of ski twist, i.e.,
the angle of skiis relative to the "fall line" of the ski
slope.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a machine which
will enable the user to set the machine so that each movement
starts at an "easy" exercise, and then can be progressively varied
to learn more difficult exercises. Thus the user is enabled to
learn to perform each movement easily and rhythmically,
continuously, as a trainer and an exerciser.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a machine with
which each movement can only be performed in a precise and correct
manner, which will not perform random movements, but precisely
programmed exercises.
The machine is basically an inclined hard-surfaced board over which
two simulated skiis move. The operator stands on the skiis. Each of
the skiis is connected to the board at one end by slide ball-pivot
points so that each other end is free to swing in a wide curve from
one side to the other. This other end of ski, rides on a wheel
carriage, which moves in a prescribed programmed arc, which arc can
be varied in size. In addition, each ski has slotted tubular tracks
underneath, secured parallel to the length of the ski, permitting
each ski to independently slide forward or backwards about each
slide-ball-pivot point. In this manner, as each ski is turned,
swinging from side to side, the ski is forced to move forward or
backwards, on the tubular tracks, as the other end swings in a wide
curve. Each ski can also be tilted sideways (edged) for more
advanced skiers; or locked horizontally, thus making it easier for
beginners.
Since this machine is used by operators facing in opposite
directions for different training movements, neither end of the ski
is denoted as front or rear. The front end of each ski is that end
which the operator faces, according to the exercise being
performed.
By interchanging the wheel carriage beneath each ski, with a
different avalement carriage, different movements may be
performed.
By increasing the inclination or steepness of the skiing board, the
tempo of the turning movements can be speeded up. The skiing board
legs are designed to enable the steepness of the board to be
varied.
The tracks may suitably be made of longitudinally slotted steel
tubes, the width of the slot being slightly larger than the
thickness of the pin which carries the slide-ball, to enable the
ski, fastened to the tracks, to "edge" or tilt slightly from side
to side. By unscrewing the legs, fastened with wing nuts (not
shown), and rotating one-fourth turn, the skiing board can be made
steeper. An increased board inclination speeds up the tempo of the
swinging skiis. Thus by changing the steepness of the board, the
action is speeded up or slowed down, according to the needs and
ability of the user. Beginners will start with low slope
position.
These and other important objects and features of the invention
will become apparent from the following description and the
accompanying drawing. It should be understood, however, that these
are given by way of illustration and not of limitation and that
various changes in detail construction of the parts may be made
within the scope of the invention.
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the programmed skiing simulator,
trainer and exerciser employing the pair of wheel carriages;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view thereof;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the device using an accessory
avalement carriage;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the device shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a ski illustrating the ability of the
skis of the device to "edge" or tilt;
FIG. 6 is a view similar to that of FIG. 5, but with the ski in
"locked" position;
FIG. 7 shows the reversible lock device used with the skiis;
FIG. 8 is a partial cutaway perspective view of one of the wheel
carriages and one of a pair of skiis used.
FIG. 9 is an end view of the wheel-carriage, with the
slide-ball-pivot point, and one edged ski;
FIG. 10 is a detail of the machine employing the avalement
carriage, with rotating bridge, and only one ski shown;
FIG. 11 is an end view of the avalement carriage, rotating bridge,
and both edged skiis shown, also rubber bumper in center and
FIG. 12 is a view of the slide-ball-pivot point holder, slide-balls
and two pins beneath.
Referring now to the drawing in detail, the device according to the
invention, generally indicated by the reference numeral 14,
comprises a hard surface inclined skiing board 16 supported at one
end by a pair of interchangeable legs such as 18, detachably
secured to said one end. Thus by changing the position of these
legs, the height of the high end of board 16 can be varied. Higher
height increases the tempo of ski movements. The design of this
variable height leg is not a prime part of this patent, as numerous
leg patterns may be used. The skiing board can be of any desired
size, starting with 4 .times. 4 feet or 3 .times. 4 feet or any
reduced scale of these sizes. The board is raised at one end with
interchangeable legs, permitting the high end to be either 9 or 12
inches or more from floor level. Higher height increases the tempo
of the ski movements.
Above the board, is supported a programming deck 20 with a series
of spaced holes, extending in a direction from high to low ends in
a series of pairs of holes V,W,X,Y,Z and V',W',X',Y' and Z'. In
these holes are inserted the pins 24 of the ski pivot slide-ball
holder 22. The underside of the pin holder 22 has a pair of round
protruding pins 24 which insert in each pair of the holes, with the
holder always being kept parallel to the front of the skiing board.
This holder is interchangeable into holes V,V' through Z,Z'. The
lower ends of the underside pins 24 are flush with the underside of
the programming deck, so as to be clear of the swinging ends of ski
carriages. The weight of the operator holds the slide ball holder
in selected holes. Between the programming deck and the skiing
board is erected a bridge 26. A second series 28 of pairs of
programming holes, 1,2,3,4,5 and 1',2',3', 4', 5', run across the
deck, directly above the bridge. These holes are aligned directly
above a corresponding number of holes in bridge 26, (not
shown).
Arranged on the top of this bridge but under the programming deck
20 are the two ski carriages 32, 32'. The carriages are held
between the bridge and deck by two ski carriage pivot pins 34,34' ,
inserted through the deck, through holes in the carriages and then
through the bridge, to rest on the top of the skiing board. These
pins are removed by reaching under the bridge and pushing up. A
series of holes 36,40,42,44,46,48 and 36',40',42',44',46',48', in
each carriage, permit the size of the swing arc of the carriage
ends to be varied, by using these holes as pivot centers. On the
underside of the swinging ends of the carriages are mounted pairs
of skateboard type wheels such as 47, or suitable fixed casters,
wheel type, or ball transfer type, oriented so that each ski
carriage can independently swing in an arc about each carriage
pivot pin. The wheels do not swivel but each wheel must turn
independently on its own axis. On the top side end of each ski
carriage, above the wheels, are fastened carriage ball points
49,49'. These ball-points are slipped into tubular slots 50,50', at
the ski end, thus permitting the two simulated skiis 52,52' to
rotate at this point, as the carriages are swung in arcs. Secured
to the underside of the skiis and running to their other ends are
tubular slotted tracks, 56, which ride on the pivot slide balls.
Stops 54, about 4 inches inside prevent the skiis from sliding down
past these carriage ball points. The stops are reversible, one side
having a notch 55 which locks the skiis horizontally for beginners;
the other side permitting the skiis to tilt (edge) from side to
side.
As the wheeled ski carriages are swung from side to side in arcs
prescribed by the programmed positions 36,36' through 48,48', 1
through 5, and 1' through 5', the skiis are also swung from side to
side. Since the pivot points of the skiis are different from the
pivot points of the carriages, the skiis are forced to make
backwards and forward movements on the tracks parallel to the
length of the ski. This is the essential principle of this
invention. Uphill ski is always forced to advance ahead of the
downhill ski, irrespective of the direction the operator faces. The
amount of lead one ski has over the other, depends on how far apart
the ski pivot carriage pins are from each other in any pair of
programming holes 1 through 5 and 1' through 5'.
The amount of twist the skiis take, is governed by the pivot slide
ball point holder pins 24 in positions V through Z and V' through
Z'. The size of the arc the skiis rotate through, governed by
length of ski carriage used, controlled by holes 36, 36' through
48,48'. The speed of the movement can be varied by using shorter
arcs, or using a steeper board with larger arcs.
The operator can stand on the skiis in a variety of positions,
turned in either direction, facing high or low ends, according to
the training exercise chosen from an appropriate direction hand
book. Rubber protector bumpers 56,56' on lower right and left edges
of board prevent skii carriages from swinging off the board.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the ski carriages 32,32' described in
FIGS. 1 and 2 are removed completely from the skiing board, by
removing the two ski carriage pivot pins 34,34'.
The accessory avalement ski carriages 58 is then placed in
position, by dropping a different, slightly longer avalement
carriage pivot pin 60 through deck hole 62, through the
corresponding hole 61 in carriage 58 and support 64 beneath
carriage, and then completely through the matching hole 65 in
board. A stop beneath the board 63 holds pin from going completely
through. The top of pin 60 is flush with the top surface of the
programming deck. The pin is removed by a special hook (not
shown).
The other holes in this avalement carriage 66,67,68,69 are
programming positions for the pivot pin of rotating bridge 70. This
bridge enables skiis 52,52' to be held parallel to each other as
avalement carriage 58 swings in an arc from side to side. As the
avalement carriage swings from a central vertical position up to a
high horizontal position, or beyond, the skiis' ends are carried up
with it. The bridge is held parallel to front and back of board at
all times thus holding skiis parallel to each other. The other ski
forward ends are automatically pushed forward a considerable
distance on the forward ski slide-ball-pivot points as required in
modern avalement-style skiing. Wheels 72 are mounted under the
avalement carriage 58 radially oriented to turn with arc center at
pivot pin 60. Wheels may be replaced with ball-down industrial
transfer. These wheels do not swivel, but each separate wheel turns
on its own axle, independent of each other. As gravity pulls the
carriage backwards, the carriage over-swings beyond center and the
skiis start a new turn in the opposite direction. A continuous
rhythmic motion of alternately turning left to right and back, is
easily maintained.
Moving rotating bridge pivot pin backward or forwards in holes
66,67,68,69 in the bridge changes the size of the swinging arc and
amount of avalement (forward movement of skiis).
With practice, uphill ski can be slipped on the ball and track
slightly forward of the downhill ski, relative to each other,
alternating in each turn. A rubber center bumper 76 prevents an
overturning of the bridge 70. A stop pin 78 dropped through a hole
in the low end of the ski and track, prevents the ski from being
pushed off its pivot ball. The stop pin is withdrawn when carriages
are being changed.
On all turns, balance can be aided by inserting tips of standard
ski poles in non-skid holes 80 on sides of skiing board. The skiing
board is covered by sheet metal 82 for longer wear and smoother
operation of wheel ball-transfers.
OPERATION OF THE MACHINE
FIGS. 1 and 2
Carriage pivot-pins in choice of pair of programming deck positions
1 to 5 and 1' to 5'. Changing pivot pins from 1 to 5 and 1' to 5'
on programming deck increases the amount the uphill ski tip will
lead (advance ahead of) the downhill ski tip as the ski tails swing
from side to side. Each ski is alternately forced into the lead
position by the wheel carriage, while the other ski relatively
retards, thus training the user to advance the uphill ski as each
turn is made. Left ski leading for left turn, right ski leading for
right turn. Beginner will start with small lead. The correct lead
ski for each turn is automatically forced to lead by the swinging
carriage.
Carriage pivot-pins in choice of a pair of programmed carriage
positions 34 to 48 and 34' to 48'.
Changing pivot-pin position from 34 to 48 and 34' to 48' on the
carriage increases the size of arc swinging end achieves. Beginners
will start with small to medium arc.
Ski slide-ball pivot in programming deck positions V to Z and V' to
Z'.
By moving the ski slide-ball-pivot slide holder from V through Z
and V' to Z' the degree of twist of the ski is increased. Beginners
will start with smaller twist.
With operator facing high end.
The following skiing maneuvers can be performed each in sequence
and rhythmically:
Successive Snowplow movements
Successive Snowplow turns. Stem Turns to left and right
alternately, Stem Christies, Parallel Christies, Short Swing Turns,
Wedeln Turns, each to the left and right alternately, and
continuously.
Operator facing low end.
The following ski maneuvers can be performed, each in sequence and
rhythmically.
Skating Steps to right and left alternately.
Open Front Christies; Step Turns; Parallel Modern Turns; rotating
about heels; Step Out Parallel Slalom Turns, rotating about heels,
swinging toes; all turns to right and left alternately and
continuously.
From this position, operator facing low end, the operator can learn
skating turns, pushing out with one foot and following up to final
parallel position with the other foot. This action when practiced
from side to side, gradually develops into the new style, open
front, step off Christie Turns as used by slalom skiers at the 1972
olympics.
The ski inside each turn is always forced to lead by the action of
the carriage, as required by correct ski practice, the size of the
lead is variable, being controlled by the position of the pivot
pins. The left ski leads for a left turn, the right ski leads for a
right turn. It is impossible for the wrong ski to lead. This
controlled automatic lead works correctly, irrespective of which
direction the operator faces, or which style of turn is being
practiced.
In all the foregoing turns, irrespectively of which direction the
operator faces, the correct uphill ski advances automatically,
forcing operator to properly shift weight to downhill ski to
maintain balance. Body angulation becomes automatic, otherwise turn
with balance cannot be performed. All turns are done in rhythmic
sequence, because as soon as any part of the first turn is
completed, gravity forces the carriage to roll back, past start and
beyond, thus initiating each succeeding new turn.
It is because the slide ball pivot point at one end of each ski,
and the pivot pin of each respective carriage is in a different
position, making the radius of swing of ski and carriage different,
that the ski is forced forward or backwards as the carriage rotates
in arcs from side to side.
Alternate Avalement Accessory
FIGS. 3,4,10 and 11
By removing stop-pin 78 and simply sliding the skiis forward they
are detached from the ski carriages. The pivot pins are removed by
pushing up from beneath the carriages through the bridge, ski
carriage and programming deck, completely detaching the carriages
from the skiing board and bridge.
The avalement ski carriage is attached by dropping a longer pivot
pin 10 through hole in programming deck 62, through corresponding
hole in carriage 61 and carriage support 64 to nestle in hole 65 in
skiing board beneath; a wooden stop 63 under board prevents pin
from going complete through. Top of pin is flush with surface of
deck. Pin is removed when required by special hook and hole in top
of pin (not shown). Tracks of ski are slipped in to
slide-ball-pivot points. Track on other ski ends are then inserted
into avalement rotating bridge ball points, FIGS. 3,4,10 and 11 by
sliding in from end, after slide-ball-point is inserted in track
avalement rotating bridge can be placed in a choice of programmed
positions 66,67,68,69 to control size of swinging arc.
Operator facing high end.
The following ski maneuvers can be performed, in sequence and
rhythmically.
Interlinked avalement parallel turns, with tips of skiis moving
forward a considerable distance, as carriage is swung from side to
side. When ski pivot slide pin holder is moved from V' to Z',
degree of twist in turn is increased. Ski can be either "edged", or
locked horizontally for beginners.
Beginner will start with position V'
Rotating bridge must be kept parallel to front-back of skiing board
by feet. As turn is made rotating bridge holds skiis parallel to
each other. Rubber bumper 76 is to aid preventing overturning of
bridge by feet.
Skii slide-turns about tips with heels swinging.
Operator facing low end.
Interlinked avalement parallel turns with skiis automatically being
pushed forward extreme distance, from position of previous turn,
ending in position of completed turn. Skiis turn about heels, with
toes swinging.
In both these turns the ski carriage automatically creates
avalement position forcing the skiis forward, as the operator
swings the carriage from side to side.
In all turns, slide ball points, inserted into slotted tubular
tracks, permit skiis to be alternately edged, so that edges facing
inside of turn is tilted down. Left edges down for left turns,
right edges down for right turn.
When using this equipment with either the pair of wheel carriages,
or with the avalement accessory, the unweighting action required
for all these turns is correct, ending each turn in a down
position, rising from this position to down again at the end of the
new turn. The rise and fall is actually achieved by the skiing
board slope. Because the ski carriage rises at the end of each
turn, the knees are forced to bend. As the carriage comes down to
the lower end of the board, the feet must go down with them,
straightening the knees. Relatively speaking, this is the maximum
rise position, at the precise correct moment of the turn. This rise
and fall action is automatic, the operator being unable to do
otherwise, as the skiis swing from side to side.
By facing in the opposite direction, the new style Square Turns can
be achieved. By facing this opposite way, the operator can only
maintain balance, by sitting slightly backwards, putting the weight
on the heels as required for deep powder snow.
When the operator faces in this opposite direction, with either set
of attachments, the end of each swing is the end of the turn just
completed, and the start position of the new turn. In this
position, the knees are flexed, as required in modern French Style
skiing.
With the avalement carriage programmed for small arcs, the action
simulates Short Swing, Serpentine Wedeln and linked snake-like Jet
Turns. As the size of the swinging arcs are increased, the
simulated turns increase into Banked Turns, Tempo Turns and Carved
Turns, and the maximum arcs feels to the operator as if he were
achieving perfect Mambo Turns, the body being forced to angulate
over to maintain balance.
Edging of skiis during turns is made possible by the fact that the
width of the slot in the tracks, is wider than the width of the
pins holding the pivot-balls. This enables the tracks and the skiis
above them to be tilted or edged sideways in either direction no
matter what degree of position of each turn is being made. For
beginners the skiis can be locked in a horizontal position, with
lock FIGS. 5,6 and 7.
* * * * *