U.S. patent number 3,807,418 [Application Number 05/277,861] was granted by the patent office on 1974-04-30 for dishwasher with soil detecting means.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Electric Company. Invention is credited to Thomas E. Jenkins.
United States Patent |
3,807,418 |
Jenkins |
April 30, 1974 |
DISHWASHER WITH SOIL DETECTING MEANS
Abstract
Provision is made in an automatic timer controlled dishwashing
machine for detecting soil particles carried in washing liquid
within the machine and reacting thereto by effecting the nature of
the operational program of the machine whereby dishes in the
machine are subjected to additional rinsing action. The invention
includes a mechanical sensing device adapted to sense and react to
the presence of soil by electrically signaling the machine's timer
control to thereby alter the normal operational program of the
machine.
Inventors: |
Jenkins; Thomas E. (Louisville,
KY) |
Assignee: |
General Electric Company
(Louisville, KY)
|
Family
ID: |
23062674 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/277,861 |
Filed: |
August 4, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
134/57D |
Current CPC
Class: |
D06F
34/22 (20200201); A47L 15/4297 (20130101); A47L
2401/10 (20130101); A47L 15/0026 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47L
15/42 (20060101); D06F 39/00 (20060101); B08b
003/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;134/56D,57D,57DL
;68/12R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Blum; Daniel
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Boos, Jr.; Francis H.
Claims
I claim:
1. A soil sensing means for a washing apparatus having a wash
chamber for holding articles to be washed, the washing apparatus
further having liquid inlet means for the wash chamber, liquid
draining means for the wash chamber, pumping means for circulating
liquid through the wash chamber, and a timer means for controlling
the operational interaction of the liquid inlet means, liquid
draining means, and pumping means; said soil sensing means
comprising;
reciprocal means for varying the cross-sectional flow area of the
liquid draining means, said reciprocal means being disposeable to a
sensing position wherein the cross-sectional flow area of the
liquid draining means is substantially restricted and a retracted
position wherein the cross-sectional flow area of the liquid
draining means is substantially unrestricted, said reciprocal means
being urged from said sensing position to said retracted position
upon a predetermined increase in pressure in the liquid draining
means resulting from further restriction of the cross-sectional
flow area of the liquid draining means by entrained soil particles,
and the timer means being responsive to said reciprocal means upon
said reciprocal means being urged to said retracted position so
that additional washing for the articles in the wash chamber is
provided.
2. The invention as defined within claim 1 wherein said soil
sensing means is disposed within the liquid draining means.
3. The invention as defined within claim 1 further including switch
means responsive to movement of said reciprocal means, and said
switch means being in electrical circuit with the timer means so
that the timer means is responsive to said reciprocal means upon
said reciprocal means being urged to said retracted position.
4. The invention as defined in claim 2 wherein said sensing means
further comprises a casing means for carrying liquid flow
therethrough with said reciprocal means being disposed within said
casing means, whereby the substantially restricted cross-sectional
flow area of the liquid draining means is the space between the
edge of said reciprocal means and the inside surface of said casing
means when said reciprocal means is in said sensing position.
5. The invention as defined in claim 4 further including biasing
means for normally biasing said reciprocal means toward said
sensing position.
6. The invention of claim 5 further including holding means for
holding said reciprocal means in said retracted position for a
predetermined period of time.
7. The invention as defined in claim 6 further including releasing
means for releasing said holding means.
8. The invention as defined in claim 7 wherein said releasing means
includes an electrical resistance element.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
I. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to washing appliances and more
specifically pertains to an article washing machine such as a
dishwasher wherein soiled items are stored for washing within a
chamber and the washing action includes contacting the items with
washing liquid to effect removal of soil therefrom.
II. The Prior Art
The conventional domestic dishwashing machine has a timer control
adapted to automatically complete a series of steps in accordance
with a predetermined program to cleanse soiled dishes and similar
items and render them ready for re-use. In the typical dishwasher
the soiled items are subjected to a series of washing and rinsing
steps, followed ordinarily by a drying step. This series of steps
constitutes an operational cycle or predetermined program of
operation that is automatically conducted and controlled by the
timer. The timer is usually of the type having a rotatable shaft
with cams mounted thereon to sequentially actuate switches in
circuit with various electrical components of the machine. For each
washing or rinsing step of the program, fresh water is brought into
the machine and recirculated over items stored in the wash chamber,
after which the water is drained out of the chamber and then fresh
water is introduced for the next step. The washer step usually
involves the automatic dispensing of detergent into the water which
is then recirculatd over the soiled items for a time generally
exceeding the time of recirculation during the rinsing step. Liquid
recirculation during the shorter rinsing step will generally
utilize fresh incoming water without the addition of any detergent
or washing additives thereto. The typical operational program may
comprise several successive, relatively short, rinse steps followed
by a longer wash step. The wash step may then be followed by one or
more final rinse steps. Since the machine is drained after each
step and fresh water is introduced for each successive step,
particles of food soil suspended in the recirculated liquid is less
for each successive step. Ideally, the liquid utilized in the final
rise step of the operational cycle will contain few or no soil
particles. However, this, of course, depends to some extent on the
number of items being washed and the amount and characteristics of
the soil on the items when they are placed in the machine.
There is a direct relationship between the amount of soil carried
in the recirculated liquid in a dishwashing machine and the degree
of cleanliness of the dishes in the machine. To increase the
efficiency of a dishwashing machine it would be desirable to have a
means incorporated in the machine for detecting or sensing the
presence of soil particles in the recirculated liquid in the
dishwashing machine and reacting to the presence of excessive soil
particles by altering the machine's operational cycle or program
such that the dishes are subjected to additional washing and
rinsing action.
It is recognized that the possibility of sensing the condition of
liquid in a washing appliance and providing for means to react to
the condition to effect the operation of the machine has been
appreciated in the prior art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,114,253
issued Dec. 17, 1963, to Morey et al, and assigned to the assignee
of the present invention, teaches the use of a light sensitive
resistor to sense cloudiness or turbidity of washing liquid in a
washing machine. This particular approach has not been found to be
practical in attaining the desired effect in a dishwashing machine,
particularly where the cloudiness of washing liquid and its ability
to pass light therethrough varies considerably in accordance with
the nature of the food particles on dishes to be washed and the
type of treating agents added during the operational cycle of the
machine to facilitate the cleansing action.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention may be broadly summarized as relating to the
provision of a detecting means in a dishwashing machine capable of
reacting to the presence of food soil particles suspending in
washing liquid within the machine. The detecting means is employed
in the type of dishwasher having an automatic timer control and
wherein soiled items such as dishes and the like are stored in a
chamber and are therein contacted with liquid for at least one
predetermined time interval to effect the cleaning thereof during
the machine's operational cycle. The machine preferably has means
therewith for directing the liquid that has contacted the soiled
items through a flow path having a comparatively narrow channel
area or constriction therealong. The detecting means senses a
partial restriction of the narrow channel area by food soil
particles and initiates a reaction that causes a change in the
program or operational cycle of the washing machine whereby the
dishes are subjected to further cleaning action by liquid contact.
In the preferred embodiment the detection of soil particles causes
the operational cycle of the machine to be altered such that time
usually taken for a final drying step is reduced and one or more
rinse steps occur prior to a shortened drying step to assure a
comparatively cleaner condition of the items in the machine.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the lower portion of an
automatic dishwashing machine incorporating a device for detecting
and reacting to the presence of soil particles in the washing
liquid in the machine in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged side elevational view of the detecting device
first shown in FIG. 1, here having portions thereof illustrated in
vertical section;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view of the device as shown in FIG. 2 with
components thereof repositioned in accordance with the operation of
the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an elevational view of the device as shown in FIG. 2
taken from the right end thereof; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the electrical circuitry
for the dishwasher shown in FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In FIG. 1 there is shown an automatic dishwashing machine 10 having
a housing or cabinet 12 defining a wash chamber 14. The dishwasher
is of the front loading type having a closure or door 16 permitting
access to the chamber and a rack 18 slidably mounted therein.
Mounted within the wash chamber 14 is a rotatable spray arm 20
having spaced apart orifices 22 along the upper surfaces thereof
for discharging washing liquid upwardly over dishes and other items
stored for washing in the rack 18. The spray arm 20 has a hollow
body in liquid flow communication with a pedestal 24 that receives
a pressurized flow of liquid from a pump 26 disposed below the
bottom 28 of the wash chamber 14. The bottom 28 has a sump 30 for
receiving accumulated liquid from the lower portion of the wash
chamber 14 and conducting it through a conduit 32 to the intake
side of the pump 26. The pump 26 is driven by an electric motor 34
in circuit with a timer control switch (not shown). within the
housing of the pump 26 is a solenoid operated valve (not shown)
adapted to be movable between two positions. In one position the
valve disposes the pump for recirculation of liquid received from
the sump 30 whereby it is pumped upwardly through the pedestal 24
and outwardly through the spray arm 20. In its other position the
valve is disposed such that the pump conducts liquid received from
the sump 30 outwardly through a drain line 36 for discharge from
the dishwashing machine into the household sewage system. It will
be noted that the drain line 36 leads to an intake port 38 of a
soil sensing or detecting device 40.
The dishwasher 10 is prepared for operation by opening the door 16
and placing soiled dishes or other items in the rack 18. The
dishwasher has a detergent cup (not shown) in which detergent may
be placed for automatic timer controlled dispensing later during
the operational cycle of the machine. When the items to be washed
are in place within the chamber 14 the door 16 is closed and the
timer control is advanced to its start position by the machine
operator. The timer control then conducts the machine through the
programmed sequence of steps. The first step, usually a rinse step,
involves introducing hot water into the wash chamber 14. To
accomplish this, the timer control actuates a solenoid operated
water inlet valve (not shown), and the water accumulates in the
lower portion of the wash chamber 14. When the water has reached a
predetermined level in the wash chamber 14, the motor 34 is
automatically actuated to drive the pump 26 whereby the water in
the wash chamber 14 flows downwardly through the sump 30 and the
conduit 32 and is then pumped upwardly through the spray arm 20.
The spray arm 20 is of the reactive type whereby the liquid stream
from one of its discharge ports imparts a counterimpetus against
the outer end of the spray arm nd causes it to rotate while it
distributes streams of liquid upwardly over the dishes in the rack
18. The rinse step continues by pumped recirculation of the water
for a predetermined period of time after which the timer control
causes the previously mentioned drain valve in the pump housing 26
to change position whereby continued pumping directs the
accumulated liquid from the wash chamber 14 outwardly through the
drain hose 36. The pumped liquid moves through the device 40, as
will be hereafter described in more detail, and outwardly from the
machine by means of a drain hose 86 to the household sewage
system.
Thereafter, the machine may perform a second rinse step or,
alternatively, depending upon the timer control program, a wash
step that is similar to the rinse step heretofore described but
involves the automatic dispensing of detergent into the water in
the wash chamber 14 to provide a washing solution for recirculation
over the dishes in the rack 18. Then, depending upon the program,
the normal operational cycle may further include an additional wash
step or several final rinse steps followed by a drying step. The
drying step may utilize an electrical resistance heating element 19
and vent means to and from the chamber (not shown) for providing
connection currents to dry the dishes stored in the rack 18.
The device 40 mounted within the cabinet 12 of the dishwasher 10 in
FIG. 1 is a presently preferred embodiment of detecting or sensing
means for sensing and reacting to the presence of food soil
particles in liquid being pumped out of the wash chamber 14 of the
machine 10. The device 40 acts to sense small quantities of soil in
the liquid within the dishwasher 10. The device 40 reacts to the
sensing of such soil particles by causing an electrical signal to
be transmitted to the timer control of the dishwasher whereby
additional steps of wash or rinse time or exchange of liquid in the
machine occur to further clean the items stored in the machine.
More specifically, with reference to FIG. 2, washing liquid having
soil particles emulsified or suspended therein enters a casing or
cylinder 42 defining a flow area 43 and flows through a small
annular gap 44 between the edge of a reciprocal member or piston 46
and the cylinder side wall 48. The pump 26 serves as a means of
pressurizing the drain flow to the area 43 whereby a build up of
soil in the annular gap 44 causes a pressure differential across
the piston 46 which forces the piston rearwardly (to the right as
viewed in FIG. 2). As a function of its rearward movement, the
piston 46 actuates a switch 50. The circuitry of the machine is
such that actuation of the switch 50 causes the dishwashing machine
10 to function in an alternative mode as compared to that which
would have occurred if the switch 50 had not been actuated. It is
preferred that the device 40 be provided with means to prevent the
sensing action of the device except at a specific point in the
operational cycle of the machine 10. The sensing preferably occurs
just before the machine 10 would normally begin the drying step of
its operational cycle. Then, if presence of soil particles in the
recirculating liquid of the rinse step just preceding the drying
step is sensed by the device 40, the retraction of the piston 46
and actuation of the switch 50 automatically alters the operational
program whereby one or more full rinse steps occur before
commencement of the drying step.
As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the piston 46 of the device 40 is
adapted for reciprocation and includes a horizontally elongated
stem or body portion 52 having a dish-like face portion 54
occupying the chamber or cylinder 42 defined by the cylindrical
side walls 48, a front wall 56, and a back wall 58. The stem 52 of
the piston 46 extends through an opening 60 in the back wall 58 and
has a flexible annular diaphragm 62 at an intermediate point
therealong for sealing the back wall opening 60 whereby liquid
entering the cylinder 42 through the inlet 38 can only exit through
a downwardly projecting outlet 64. It should be noted that the
piston 46 is guided for horizontal reciprocation by means of a
guide bar 66 that is a lateral extension of the cylinder front wall
56.
The stem 52 of the piston 46 is carried between upper and lower
rotatable members or rollers 68 and 70 (see FIG. 4). The downwardly
facing surface of the stem 52 is substantially straight whereby it
tracks against the lower roller 70 and causes the roller 70 to
rotate about an axle 72 constituting a stationary axis. Whereas the
lower roller 70 is journalled to rotate about the axle 72, the
upper, slightly smaller roller 68 is journaled to rotate about a
vertically movable axis 74. Slots 75 are provided in a support
frame member 76 to allow the vertical movement (see FIG. 4). The
axle 74 is thus movable, with the roller 68 thereon, a short
distance upwardly while maintaining its horizontal disposition.
Thus, when the piston 46 retracts, a hump portion 77 of the stem 52
serves to cam the roller 68 upwardly from a position shown in FIG.
2 to that shown in FIG. 3. As the roller 68 moves upwardly it bears
against a pivotal rod or arm 78 extends from the switch 50. The
switch 50, which is open when the piston 46 is in the forward
disposition shown in FIG. 2, is caused to close by movement of the
arm 78 upwardly to the position shown in FIG. 3. The downwardly
facing side of the piston stem 52 has a tooth-like projection 80
for engaging a slot 82 (see FIG. 3) in a bimetal element 84 whereby
the piston 46 is held in the retracted position except when the
bimetal element 84 is caused to flex downwardly to the position
shown in dotted lines in FIG. 2. The bimetal element is well known
as an electrical triggering device and comprises two flat pieces of
metal having respectively different coefficients of expansion. The
metal pieces are laminated together with an insulator therebetween
and adapted to conduct current therethrough. The resistance to the
current causes the metal to heat such that the element temporarily
flexes in response to current conducted therethrough.
Having described the major elements of the sensing device 40, the
sensing action thereof may now be considered. During the "pump out"
or draining of washing liquid at the termination of the rinse step
immediately preceding the drying step in the operational cycle of
the dishwasher 10, the piston 46 of the device 40 is disposed as
shown in FIG. 2 whereby liquid pumped through drain line 36 will
enter the inlet 38 and flow through the annular gap 44 defined by
the edge of the piston face portion 54 and the adjacent cylinder
wall 48. The size of the gap 44 is preferably such that reasonably
clean rinse water will bypass the piston 46 and move through the
chamber or cylinder 42 and outwardly through the outlet 64 and be
drained out of the machine 10 through a drain conduit 86. Food
particles carried in the liquid and pumped therewith into the
chamber 42 will tend to accumulate across the annular gap 44. When
the accumulated soil blocks the area of the gap 44 sufficiently,
the increase in liquid pressure against the piston face portion 54
causes the piston 46 to retract from the sensing position of FIG. 2
to the retracted position shown in FIG. 3.
The sensitivity of the piston to react is preferably adjustable
within reasonable parameters. For this purpose the hump portion 77
on the piston stem 52 may be provided with a substantially sharp
drop-off forming a lip 88 which must pass under the upper roller 68
when the piston 46 retracts. The upper roller 68 is provided with
an adjustable biasing means (see FIG. 4) for urging it normally
downwardly against the piston stem 52. The force moving the piston
46 rearwardly must be sufficient to overcome the biasing means and
push the roller 68 upwardly. Adjustment of the biasing force
holding the roller downwardly provides a means of controlling and
setting the sensitivity of the piston's reaction to fluid pressure
against its face portion. As shown in FIG. 4, springs 85 serve as
the biasing means, and the sensitivity of the device is variable in
accordance with the selected spring tension.
In the typical automatic dishwasher, the various operating
components such as the water inlet valve and the electric motor
driving the recirculating pump are controlled in proper sequence by
the timer control. The conventional timer control comprises a
synchronous motor having a cylinder or a series of abutting discs
turning in unison on the motor shaft whereby peripheral camming
surfaces actuate electrical switches to open and close in a desired
sequence. FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a circuitry
incorporating the present invention including a timer motor 90
having cams 92,94,96,98 and 100 that respectively actuate switches
102, 104, 106, 108 and 110. The circuitry shown in FIG. 5 also
includes a switch 112 which is an interlock safety switch that is
closed by the action of closing the door 16 to the washing chamber
14 of the maching 10 (see FIG. 1).
The combination of components for the dishwasher 10 are shown in
FIG. 5. There is the substantially high wattage heating element 19
(see also FIG. 1) for generating heat to the washing chamber 14
during the drying step of the operational cycle, a solenoid
operated water valve 116, a solenoid operated drain valve 118
(contained in the housing of the pump 26 in FIG. 1), and the motor
34 for driving the pump 26. The bimetal element 84 shown in FIGS. 2
and 3 is also represented schematically in FIG. 5. Current to the
machine is provided through lines L.sub.1 and L.sub.2.
With continued reference to FIG. 5, the dishwasher is started in
its operational cycle by manipulation of a control knob 120. The
control knob 120 is rotated a few degrees to turn the shaft of the
motor 90 whereby cam 92 causes switch 102 to close. It is assumed
at this stage that the door to the dishwasher has been closed
whereby the interlock switch 112 is also closed. As timer motor 90
continues to operate, its advancing shaft causes cam 94 to move
switch 104 to complete the circuit through contact 122.
Simultaneously, with the movement of cam 94, cam 98 causes switch
108 to complete the circuit through contact 124 to the water valve
116. The water-fill operation continues for a predetermined time
period terminated by movement of cam 98 to cause switch 108 to
assume a neutral or open position intermediate the contacts 124 and
126. Simultaneously, cam 100 causes switch 110 to close and
energize motor 34 to drive the pump in its recirculation mode. Such
recirculation of the liquid within the machine constitutes the
preliminary rinse step of the operational cycle.
The additional rinse steps and wash steps are sequentially
accomplished by the various cams operating the proper switches. The
wash step differs from the rinse step by the automatic dispensing
of detergent (by means now shown) into the recirculating liquid. At
the end of each rinse or wash step, the cam 98 causes switch 108 to
actuate the drain valve 118 whereby continued operation of the pump
34 causes the liquid in the machine to flow out through drain line
36, through the cylinder 42 of the device 40 and thence out of the
machine to the household sewage line.
During the dishwasher operation the occurrence of the first
pump-out of liquid from the machine at the end of the preliminary
rinse step actuates the device 40 whereby the switch 50 is closed.
Soil carried in the liquid being drained may sufficiently block the
gap 44 in the device 40 to crease a pressure differential against
the piston 46 whereby it is caused to move to the retracted
position shown in FIG. 3. The bimetal element 84 serves as a
holding means; it engages the tooth-Like projection 80 of the
piston stem 12 whereby the piston 46 is held in the retracted
position.
For the last rinse step of the operational cycle, the switch 106 is
closed by cam 96 whereby the bimetal element 84 is placed in series
with the chamber heating element 19. The bimetal element 84 then
acts to release the piston 46. It heats and flexes away from the
tooth-like projection 80 such that the piston 46 is forced to move
to the sensing or operative position shown in FIG. 2. The force of
the biased roller 68 against the hump-like portion 77 of the piston
stem 52 pushes the piston 46 from its retracted position to its
operative position once the bimetal 84 has released the piston. The
arm 78 of the switch 50 (FIG. 2) has means (not shown) for biasing
it normally downwardly such that the switch 50 opens when the
piston 46 advances to the position shown in FIG. 2. Then, if soil
in the liquid being drained through the device 40 at the end of the
last rinse step actuates the device 40 such that the piston is
pushed to its retracted position, the switch 50 is thereby closed.
Closing of the switch 50 shunts the switch 104 that would normally
complete a circuit through contact 128 to initiate the drying step
at the end of the operational cycle. With the switch 50 closed, the
circuitry of the machine is disposed to operate for additional
rinsing. Continued advancement of the timer control will
sequentially actuate the water valve 116, the motor 34, and the
drain valve 118 to accomplish an additional rinse step.
By the proper combination of cams and switches in the timer control
two or more rinses could occur in the event that the device 40
sensed the presence of sufficient soil in the last rinse step of
the normal operational cycle of the machine and closed the swtich
50. These additional rinses would occur during time that would
normally have been used for part of the drying step in the normal
operational cycle. The length of the normal drying step can be such
that utilization of a part of its time period for one or two
additional relatively short rinse steps will not materially effect
the combination of the dried dishes at the end of the machine's
operation.
In accordance with the circuitry illustrated in FIG. 5, the
switches 108 and 110 controlling the water valve, drain valve, and
pump motor will operate during the last portion of the operational
cycle of the machine whether or not the device 40 senses and reacts
to residual soil particles in the drainage liquid from the last
normal rinse step. In the normal situation wherein the device 40
would not be actuated by the presence of residual soil particles in
the drainage liquid, the switch 108 and 110 are mechanically
cam-operated during the drying step at the end of the normal
operational cycle but do not energize the water valve 116, the
drain valve 118, or the motor 34 due to the fact that switch 50
remains open whereby current is not conducted to these
components.
The device 40 heretofore described operates a soil detecting means
that is automatically self-cleaning. When the piston 46 is
retracted, drainage flow through the flow area 43 serves to carry
away soil particles therefrom and sweep them out of the device
40.
* * * * *