U.S. patent number 3,807,388 [Application Number 05/172,149] was granted by the patent office on 1974-04-30 for heartbeat rate monitors.
This patent grant is currently assigned to SAID Orr, by said Ogden. Invention is credited to Roland Ogden, Thomas Orr.
United States Patent |
3,807,388 |
Orr , et al. |
April 30, 1974 |
HEARTBEAT RATE MONITORS
Abstract
A heartbeat rate monitor or personal pulse indicator comprises a
transducer for detecting heartbeats and supplying an electric
signal corresponding to the heartbeat rate, and a display for
indicating the heratbeat rate. The display is incorporated in a
watch casing which also incorporates means to display the time of
day, the watch casing preferably being mounted on a wrist-strap
which carries the transducer.
Inventors: |
Orr; Thomas (Southampton,
EN), Ogden; Roland (Portsmouth, EN) |
Assignee: |
SAID Orr, by said Ogden
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
10440061 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/172,149 |
Filed: |
August 16, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Sep 29, 1970 [GB] |
|
|
46151/70 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
600/503;
968/886 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
5/024 (20130101); A61B 5/02438 (20130101); G04G
21/025 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
5/024 (20060101); G04G 1/04 (20060101); G04G
1/00 (20060101); A61b 005/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/2.5P,2.5T,2.6F,2.5R,2.6A,2R ;58/28A,28B,28D,26R,23TF
;307/208 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Cohen; Lee S.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Becker; John E.
Claims
We claim:
1. A body worn, compact heartbeat rate monitor comprising:
a transducer to detect heartbeats and provide an electric signal
the frequency of which corresponds to the heartbeat rate;
compact timing means to produce an electric timing signal;
comparison means connected in circuit with said transducer and
timing means so as to compare the transducer signal with said
timing signal to produce a heartbeat rate signal which represents
the heartbeat rate per unit time;
a wrist watch type casing within which said compact timing means
and said comparison means are incorporated; and
first and second display means operably connected with said circuit
and mounted in said watch casing so as to be visible to a user;
the first display means being operable in dependence on said timing
signal to display the time of day, and the second display means
being operable in dependence on said heartbeat rate signal to
directly display the heartbeat rate.
2. A heartbeat rate monitor according to claim 1 wherein said
timing signal is derived from a crystal controlled oscillator
incorporated in said watch casing.
3. A heartbeat rate monitor according to claim 1 wherein said
timing signal is derived from a conventional watch mechanism by
means of an electromagnetic pick-off, said watch mechanism being
incorporated in said watch casing.
4. A heartbeat rate monitor according to claim 1 wherein said
timing signal is derived from a tuning fork incorporated in said
watch casing.
5. A heartbeat rate monitor according to claim 1 wherein said
timing signal is derived from an electrically impulsed pendulum
incorporated in said watch casing.
6. A heartbeat rate monitor according to claim 1 wherein the
transducer comprises a pressure sensitive resistor.
7. A heartbeat rate monitor according to claim 1 wherein the
transducer comprises a pressure sensitive transistor.
8. A heartbeat rate monitor according to claim 1 wherein the second
display means comprises a moving coil meter.
9. A heartbeat rate monitor according to claim 1 wherein the second
display means comprises a pointer movable over a scale graduated in
heartbeats per minute.
10. A heartbeat rate monitor according to claim 1 wherein the first
and second display means each comprise light emitting diodes.
11. A heartbeat rate monitor according to claim 1 further
comprising a wrist-strap on which said watch casing and said
transducer are mounted.
12. A portable, body attached directly readable heartbeat rate
monitor comprising in combination:
a transducer to detect heartbeats and to provide an electric signal
the frequency of which corresponds to the heartbeat rate;
said transducer being a pressure sensitive device of which the
impedance varies in dependence upon applied pressure thereon;
compact timing means to produce first and second electric timing
signals;
comparison means connected in circuit with said transducer and
timing means so as to compare the tranducer signal with said second
timing signal to thereby produce a heartbeat rate signal which
represents the heartbeat rate per unit time;
a watch casing within which said timing means and said comparison
means are incorporated;
a wrist-strap on which said watch casing and said transducer are
mounted, the mounting of the tranducer being such that when the
wrist-strap is worn on the wrist of a user the transducer detects
arterial heartbeats in the wrist of the user; and
first and second display means including light-emitting diodes
mounted in said watch casing so as to be visible to the user; the
first display means being operable in dependence on said first
timing signal to display the time of day, and the second display
means being of a direct reading digital type operable in dependence
on said heartbeat rate signal to display the heartbeat rate of the
user in pulses per unit time.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The usual method of ascertaining a person's heartbeat rate is by
counting heartbeats which are detected manually, usually at the
wrist, over a short period timed by a watch or clock. This method
is generally somewhat unsatisfactory, because the short period
chosen is usually less than one minute and so errors may occur in
the necessary mental arithmetic. Moreover, this method only
provides a measurement of the heartbeat rate during the actual
period of counting, and this somewhat time-consuming operation has
to be repeated every time a fresh measurement is required. This is
particularly inconvenient in the case of certain heart conditions
where quick and possibly frequent measurements are required.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One object of the present invention is to provide a heartbeat rate
monitor.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a heartbeat
rate monitor which is incorporated into, or is made in the general
form of a wrist-watch.
According to the present invention a heartbeat rate monitor
comprises a transducer to detect heartbeats and provide an electric
signal corresponding to the heartbeat rate, and display means
operated in dependence on said signal to display the heartbeat rate
digitally or on a dial.
The invention can be embodied in various different forms. A
particularly convenient form is to incorporate the heartbeat rate
monitor in a wrist-watch and mount the necessary transducer in the
wrist strap so as continually to be actuated by heartbeats detected
in the wrist. The signal supplied by the transducer is supplied to
an electronic circuit within the watch casing. The circuit also
derives a timing signal from the watch mechanism for comparison
with the signal supplied by the transducer, and the output is
displayed on the watch face either by a pointer moving over a scale
or by a digital display which may comprise light emitting diodes.
Alternatively, the heartbeat rate monitor can be made in the
general form of a wrist-watch for wearing on the wrist, but without
being incorporated into an actual wrist-watch.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Four heartbeat rate monitors in accordance with the present
invention will now be described by way of example with reference to
the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically a first transducer,
FIG. 2 shows diagrammatically a second transducer,
FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically the mounting of a transducer on a
wrist strap,
FIG. 4 is a section on the line 4--4 of FIG. 3, and
FIGS. 5 to 8 show diagrammatically the electric circuits of the
four heartbeat rate monitors respectively.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Each of the embodiments to be described comprises a transducer to
detect heartbeats and to provide an electric signal corresponding
to the heartbeat rate. Although specific transducers will be
described, other suitable transducers can of course be used, the
essential feature being that an electric signal corresponding to
the heartbeat rate is produced. In the description which follows it
will be assumed that the transducer is to be placed or worn in
contact with a person's wrist, although the invention is not
limited to this arrangement, because the signal can be derived from
any other suitable place on the body.
Referring to FIG. 1, the transducer shown therein comprises a
pressure sensitive resistor pad 1, mounted so as to project from
the inner surface of a wrist strap (not shown) and electrically
connected so as to be part of a resistive chain 2 connected across
an electric power supply derived from a battery. In use, arterial
pulses in the wrist will cause variations in the resistance of the
resistor 1 and hence variations in the voltage at a terminal 3. A
signal derived from the terminal 3 is supplied to an amplifier 4
which, like the remainder of the electrical circuitry, is
preferably in the form of an integrated circuit, the output of the
amplifier 4 being used in producing the required display.
FIG. 2 shows an alternative form of transducer making use of a
pressure sensitive transistor 10. The base is connected to the
junction of resistors 11 and 12 connected across the power supply,
the collector is connected by way of a resistor 13 to one pole of
the power supply, and the emitter is connected directly to the
other pole of the power supply. This results in a constant bias on
the base of the transistor 10, and as the applied pressure varies
due to the pulse in the wrist, the collector current will vary, so
that a signal corresponding to heartbeat rate can be derived from a
terminal 14 and supplied to an amplifier 15.
Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, in both the cases described above,
the pressure sensitive element 1 or 10 of the transducer is mounted
in a wrist strap 20 and surrounded by a stabilizing frame 21 to
reduce the effect of random strap movements relative to the wrist
22. The frame 21 is preferably made of a resilient material and in
order to ensure that the pressure sensitive element is pressed
against the wrist 22 it projects somewhat more from the strap 20
than does the frame 21.
In alternative arrangements the transducer is mounted so that it
can be worn permanently or semi-permanently on some other part of
the body, or alternatively is mounted in a small pad or strap which
can be placed against or round an appropriate part of the body when
a measurement is to be made.
Referring now to FIG. 5, this shows the electric circuit of a
heartbeat rate monitor incorporated into and forming part of an
electronic wrist-watch, preferably with time and heartbeat rate
display by light emitting diodes.
The circuit comprises a crystal controlled oscillator 30 operating
at 16.384 kHz., the output signal of which is supplied to a
15-stage divider circuit 31 which supplies an output signal of 0.5
Hz. which is suitable for deriving the time indication. This signal
is supplied directly to a binary coded decimal to decimal decoder
32 to provide an output for display of seconds, and by way of a
further divider circuit 33 to decoders 34 and 35 for the display of
minutes and hours respectively. The outputs of the decoders 32, 34
and 35 are supplied to an array 36 of light emitting diodes so that
the time is displayed digitally.
A signal derived from the oscillator 30 is also compared with the
signal supplied by the heartbeat rate transducer 37 (which may be
as described with reference to FIG. 1 or 2) to provide a digital
display of the heartbeat rate. The signal supplied by the
transducer 37 is supplied by way of a shaper circuit 38 to an AND
gate 39 to which a signal derived from the divider 31 is also
supplied. For a lost or gained pulse from the divider 31 to be
insignificant, the frequency of the signal supplied by the divider
31 to the gate 39 should be say 100 times the fastest heartbeat
rate of say 150 beats per minute, so that the frequency required is
about 250 pulses per second. To derive such a signal the divider 31
can be intercepted at the appropriate point to give an output of
256 pulses per second, this signal being supplied to the gate 39.
The output of the gate 39 is supplied to an accumulating counter
40; the number of pulses at the minimum heartbeat rate of say 30
pulses per minute determining the capacity of the counter 40, this
being 512 in the example given above.
To reduce the possibility of occasional random heartbeat periods
being displayed, it is preferable for the output of the shaper
circuit 38 to be divided in frequency by a divider 41 before being
supplied to the gate 39 so as to average the measurement over
several heartbeat periods. This necessitates a corresponding
increase in the capacity of the counter 40. Particularly where this
form of operation is used, it is desirable that the output of the
counter 40 is supplied to a memory 42, so that the measurement
obtained during the preceding counting period can be displayed
during each current counting period. A further output of the gate
39 is connected to a reset circuit 43 which resets the counter 40
at the end of each counting period and causes the reading then in
the counter 40 to be transferred to the memory 42. The number of
pulses counted in each counting period varies inversely with the
heartbeat rate and hence a suitable readout circuit 44 can be
provided to give signals corresponding to 100's, 10's and units of
heartbeat rate for supply to an array 45 of light emitting diodes
whereby the heartbeat rate is displayed.
It is not essential that either the time display or the heartbeat
rate display should be continuous, and as the electric power
consumption of the arrays 36 and 45 is high relative to that of the
remainder of the electronics, which is preferably in the form of
integrated circuits, it may be preferable in some instances for
these displays to be intermittent and to be illuminated on demand
for example by operating a press-button.
As an alternative, the arrays 36 and 45 of light emitting diodes
can be replaced by some suitable mechanical arrangements whereby
the time is displayed in the conventional way by means of hands and
a dial, and the heartbeat rate is displayed by means of a pointer
and a dial graduated in heartbeats per minute.
Referring now to FIG. 6, this shows a heartbeat rate monitor
incorporated in and forming part of an ordinary mechanical watch.
In this case an electric signal for timing purposes is derived from
the balance wheel 50 of the watch which is oscillating at about 5
Hz. An electric signal is derived by way of an electromagnetic
pick-off, wherein the passage of a suitable spoke or protrusion of
the balance wheel 50 reduces the reluctance of a magnetic path and
triggers a relaxation oscillator 51. The output of the oscillator
51 is applied by way of a monostable circuit 52 to an AND gate 39.
Also supplied to the gate 39 is the output signal from the
transducer 37 which is supplied by way of the shaper circuit 38 and
dividing circuit 41, the dividing circuit 41 preferably dividing by
5 so as to average the measurement over 5 heartbeats and give
acceptable accuracy. The output of the gate 39 is supplied to the
counter 40 which incorporates division to bring the measurement to
a convenient time period. As in the previous embodiment a further
output of the gate 39 is connected to a resetting circuit 43
whereby the counter 40 is reset at the end of each counting period,
the count then accumulated in the counter 40 being transferred to a
memory 42. The output of the memory 42 is connected to a suitable
display arrangement which comprises a binary coded decimal to
analog converter 60 and a moving coil meter 61 whereby the
heartbeat rate is displayed by a pointer movable over a suitably
graduated scale. The meter 61 is conventional in form and employs a
taut-wire suspension, but is of suitable size for incorporation
into the watch.
Referring now to FIG. 7, this shows the electric circuit of a
heartbeat rate monitor incorporated into and forming part of an
electric wrist-watch in which the balance wheel of the conventional
mechanism is replaced by an electrically impulsed pendulum
operating at the same frequency, or a tuning fork oscillator
operating at a higher frequency. Both these cases are indicated in
FIG. 7, in the case of the pendulum system, a pendulum 70 supplying
a signal to a mechanism 71 for driving the hands of the watch,
whilst in the tuning fork system the tuning fork 72 supplies a
signal by way of a divider 73 to the mechanism 71.
In either case a signal is derived and supplied to a monostable
circuit 52 the output of which is supplied to the gate 39, this
part of the circuit being similar to that described above with
reference to FIG. 6.
The tuning fork system allows a higher measurement accuracy because
a high frequency signal can be derived from the dividing circuit 73
and this permits more pulses to be counted during each period
defined by the dividing circuit 41. Indeed this makes it possible
in certain instances to dispense with the dividing circuit 41.
Apart from the points mentioned the operation is similar to that of
the embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.
Referring now to FIG. 8, this shows the electric circuit of a
heartbeat rate monitor which is independent of any watch mechanism.
In this case a signal derived from the transducer 37 is supplied by
way of the shaping circuit 38 to a monostable circuit 80 which
incorporates a timing reference which it compares with the
heartbeat period. The output of the monostable circuit 80 is a
signal representing the instantaneous heartbeat period, and this is
fed by way of a smoothing circuit 81 to a moving coil meter 62 the
pointer of which moves over a suitable scale to indicate the
average heartbeat rate. The circuit parameters are selected to
avoid rapid fluctuations in the reading whilst at the same time
giving an acceptable speed of response.
It will be apparent that many modifications additional to those
referred to above can be made without departing from the scope of
the invention as defined by the appended claims. In particular, and
as mentioned above, the transducer can be incorporated into a pad
which can be placed on some suitable part of the body other than
the wrist. It is not necessary that the transducer is continuously
connected to the display means, and for use in hospitals and by
veterinary surgeons, the display means can be incorporated into a
casing to be worn by a nurse or surgeon, the transducer being
mounted in a pad which is permanently or temporarily connected by
means of a lead to the display means. Also for use in hospitals,
the heartbeat rate monitor can be made in a form which permits a
display to be given continuously for example at a patient's bed or
in an operating theatre.
* * * * *