U.S. patent number 3,807,347 [Application Number 05/299,344] was granted by the patent office on 1974-04-30 for retractable thru-hull drive system for boats.
Invention is credited to William C. Baldwin.
United States Patent |
3,807,347 |
Baldwin |
April 30, 1974 |
RETRACTABLE THRU-HULL DRIVE SYSTEM FOR BOATS
Abstract
A propeller and drive assembly for boats in particular as an
auxiliary power source for sail boats including a drive assembly
which is extendible through the hull below the water line of the
sail boat into operating position then retractable to a position
within the hull. The assembly includes a trunk preferably
cylindrical in shape extending from the hull upward and closed by a
plate member secured to the bottom of the drive assembly. A
plurality of upstanding shafts align the drive assembly for
substantially vertical movement. One of said shafts is operably
connected to a power source for driving the propeller when the
assembly is extended.
Inventors: |
Baldwin; William C. (Irvine,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
23154384 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/299,344 |
Filed: |
October 20, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
440/54;
440/62 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63H
5/20 (20130101); B63H 2025/425 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B63H
5/125 (20060101); B63H 5/00 (20060101); B63h
005/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;114/17,41R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Halvosa; George E. A.
Assistant Examiner: Frankfort; Charles E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Wagner; John E.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A retractable drive unit for boats comprising:
a drive unit including a propeller, a housing, gear means for
driving said propeller and a shaft extending generally upward from
said housing when said drive unit is mounted for operation on a
boat,
a hollow trunk,
means securing said trunk to the hull of a boat surrounding an
opening therein,
guide means secured to said trunk paralleling the shaft of said
drive unit, said guide means engaging said drive unit,
means coupled to said drive unit to extend and retract said drive
unit out of and into said trunk,
means coupling said drive unit to a power unit which is fixed
relative to the boat,
said drive unit at its lower end carrying a closure for the opening
in said hull,
said guide means comprising a plurality of longitudinally extending
rods including an enlarged end engaging said drive unit at its
lowermost extent of travel to securely position said drive unit in
its operating position;
said coupling means including a drive shaft operatively connected
to move with said drive unit and to drivingly engage said power
unit as said drive unit reaches its lowermost extent of travel.
2. The combination in accordance with claim 1 wherein said trunk
extends within the hull to above the waterline of the boat.
3. The combination in accordance with claim 1 wherein said trunk
includes a mounting plate secured to the hull of said boat and
including a generally isosceles triangular opening therethrough
with one vertex extending in the direction of the bow of the boat
and the triangular opening generally aligned with the center line
of the boat.
4. The combination in accordance with claim 1 wherein said power
unit is mounted outside of said trunk and engages said coupling
means above said trunk.
5. The combination in accordance with claim 1 wherein the end
regions of said longitudinally extending rods are tapered outward
to larger diameters and said drive unit includes tapered holes
positioned to engage the tapered end regions of said rods to secure
said drive unit in driving position.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Heretofore the provision of auxiliary power for sail boats has been
accomplished in one of the following manners:
A. An inboard power unit driving a shaft through a gland with a
propeller and strut assembly.
B. An outboard motor which is secured to the stern of the boat and
removed when not in use.
C. A THROUGH HULL MOUNTING OF A MODIFIED OUTBOARD MOTOR.
In each of these cases, auxiliary power with reasonable efficiency
is achieved. The inboard unit is designed particularly for sailboat
propulsion and is satisfactory with the reservation that such units
are quite expensive and must be mounted forward, usually in the
most wanted cockpit or cabin space. The external drive assembly
including the shaft, gland, strut and propeller provide unwanted
drag while sailing. Low drag folding propellers of the type
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,190,254 to R.H. Meibauer have been
used to minimize drag with a degree of success.
Outboard motors are designed particularly for driving planing type
hull vessels and consequently operate at higher speeds and are not
particularly efficient in driving displacement hulls such as most
sailboats. Outboard motors do not provide any drag during sailing
operation since they are withdrawn from the water by tipping on
their mounting bracket or removal from the stern and stowage. The
mounting and removal of motor on the stern is an awkward procedure
and one left to strong individuals. Consequently, the use of an
outboard motor on sail boats has been an unhappy compromise. It is
significantly less expensive than inboard units and minimizes the
interference with cabin space and explosion danger of inboard power
units.
Outboard motor units have been modified to make them more adaptable
to sail boats. In my U.S. Pat. No. 3,628,492 issued Dec. 21, 1971,
I disclose a lower motor unit for sail boat outboard motors. This
unit accepts a larger propeller and provides a speed reduction to
make the unit more efficient in propelling displacement hulls.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,190,254 discloses a through hull drive unit for
mounting outboard motor power units inside of a hull and the motor
drive unit on the exterior gaining the simplicity and low cost of
an outboard motor unit. The perennial drag of the fixed drive unit
is present.
BRIEF STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
I have invented a fully retractable drive unit for mounting on the
hull of a sail or other boat which reduces the drag of the drive
unit to zero when not in use and although retractable preserves the
water tight integrity of the boat. The unit includes mounts for a
motor or power unit or it may be remotely located. The drive unit
retracts into a trunk secured to the hull. It carries an end
closure for the trunk when retracted and which acts as a flow
confining member to increase the efficiency when the unit is
driving the boat. Novel locking and drive arrangements are
disclosed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
These features may be more clearly understood from the following
detailed description and by reference to the drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a side view of a sail boat incorporating this invention
with the drive unit retracted;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the same sail boat with the drive unit
extended;
FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view along the keel line of the sail
boat of FIG. 2 showing the retractable power unit in accordance
with this invention;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view of the underside of a boat employing
this invention with the unit retracted;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of the apparatus in
accordance with this invention taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary horizontal section taken along lines 6--6
of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary horizontal section taken along lines 7--7
of FIG. 3;
FIG. 8 is a detail of one of the support members of this
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Now referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 in which a portion of the hull of a
boat, for example a sail boat, is shown incorporating this
invention.
As seen in FIG. 1, along the center line of the hull and ahead of
the rudder 11 is a mounting ring 12 and a closure and water ducting
plate 13. The latter ring 12 and plate 13 serve to conceal and
protect an auxiliary power unit 14 of FIG. 3. The auxiliary power
unit 14 may be seen in FIG. 3 and its lower drive unit 15 appears
in FIG. 2, but is virtually entirely concealed in FIG. 1. The only
elements of the auxiliary power unit 14 visible in FIG. 1 are the
throttle 16 and retraction control 20 located topside or in the
cockpit of the boat in a conveninet location. Retraction control 20
is shown in the drawing FIG. 1 in its aft position and the power
and drive portions of the auxiliary power unit 14 are entirely
within the hull 10. When in this position, the auxiliary power unit
14 produces absolutely no additional drag for the boat, a factor of
major significance in racing.
As seen in FIG. 2, the retraction control 20 is in its forward
position and the drive unit 15 of the auxiliary power unit 14
extends below the hull 10 in position to provide efficient
propulsion of the boat. The drive unit 15 comprises a housing 22,
propeller 23 and the closure plate 13, all better seen in FIGS. 3
and 5.
In FIG. 2 the throttle is shown in a half forward position and as
described below, the auxiliary power unit 14 will then be
operational and provide propulsion force for the boat 10. Movement
of the throttle 16 to an aft position reverses the direction of
rotation of propeller 23 to back the vessel down. Such single lever
control throttles are well known in the marine motor field and the
unilever control of the Morse Controls Co. of Akron, Ohio has
proved eminently satisfactory for this purpose. The retraction
control 20 employs a similar control handle which through a
flexible cable is operatively coupled to the drive unit 15 to
extend and retract the drive unit 15. Additionally, I have found
that the control 20 and its flexible cable (seen in FIG. 3) with a
suitable mechanical lock on the control handle such as a bungee
cord engaging the handle and the boat constitutes an efficient
position lock for the drive unit 15. This provides the drive lock
at the control 20 position and removes it totally from the portions
of the power unit 14 exposed to the water.
Now referring to FIG. 3, the power unit 14 may be seen in partial
section with drive unit 15 in its extended position. It includes in
addition to its drive unit 15, a motor 24 and a trunk or wall
assembly 25. The latter is secured to the hull 10 by the mounting
ring 12 and fasteners such as recessed machine bolts, two of which
appear in FIG. 2. The mounting ring 12 is preferably recessed into
a mating annular step in the hull 10 at the edge of the hull
opening through which the power unit 14 extends. When the mounting
ring 12 is recessed as shown, the skin line of the hull is
virtually continuous, and minimum disturbance of its hydrodynamic
characteristics occurs.
The trunk or well 25 in its preferred form is a cylindrical metal
tube in the order of 12 to 20 inches in diameter and 16 to 30
inches in height depending upon the size of the hull and power
source used. The trunk 25 dimensions are more particularly
determined by a) the propeller assembly diameter and b) the depth
of draw of the vessel. The trunk preferably extends above the water
line to avoid the necessity of sealing its upper end.
The trunk 25 is secured as by welding to the mounting ring 12 and
by reason of its shape constitutes a structural hollow column of
substantial strength. Trunk 25 is thus capable of supporting the
motor or power head 24 of the auxiliary power unit 14 when desired.
Such mounting of the motor may be seen in FIG. 3. A typical motor
24 for 23 to 30 foot sail boats is the 9.5 horse power power head
of the type produced by Outboard Marine Corp. of Wakegan, Ill. for
use in outboard motors. In this case the motor unit 24 is shown in
simplified form and typically will include a generator 32 mounted
thereon and belt driven by the fly wheel 33 of the motor 24. The
generator 32 provides charging current for a starting battery
unshown and additionally allows the unit of this invention to act
as a motor generator set to provide electrical power for the boat
when under way, under power and additionally with the drive unit
retracted and the boat under sail or moored.
The motor 24 includes a drive pulley 34 on its fly wheel 33. Power
is transmitted from the motor 24 via pulley 34, a belt 36 to a
dogged clutch pulley 40 riding on the main drive shaft 41 of the
drive unit 15. The shaft 41 extends parallel to the axis of trunk
25 and is coupled through angle drive bevel gears in the unit 15
and unshown in the drawing to the propeller 23. The shaft 41 is
journaled in bearing and seal assembly 42 in the top plate 43 of
trunk 25 and in the drive unit 15.
The shaft 41 extends and retracts with the drive unit 15 and
carries at its upper end the dog assembly portion of clutch pulley
40 so that the pulley 40 and shaft 41 are operatively connected
when shaft 41 is fully extended downward and disengaged when the
shaft (and drive unit 15) are retracted one half inch or more. Thus
the motor 24 may be started and run while disconnected from the
drive unit and engaged by operation of the retraction control 20
(of FIGS. 1 and 2).
The operative connection between the retraction control 20 of FIGS.
1 and 2 and the drive unit 15 is via flexible cable 50 enclosed in
sheath 51 which terminates at tube 49. The cable 50 extends into
the trunk 25 and is secured to a transverse plate 52 rigidly
connected to the drive unit 15 and slidably mounted on three
upstanding guide rods or shafts 53, 54 and 55, two of which appear
in FIG. 3 and better seen in FIG. 7.
A second transverse plate 56 is also secured to the drive unit 15.
This plate 56 is preferably circular or more exactly, conforms to
the shape of the trunk 25 and is located immediately above the
propeller 23. Whenever the drive unit 15 is extended, the plate 56
substantially closes the trunk 25. The plate 56 cooperates with the
outer closure plate 13 to virtually provide a duct for the
propeller to increase its efficiency. It should be noted that the
closing plate 13 parallels the hull line and thus produces minimum
drag and serves to channel the laminar flow region of water along
the hull directly into the propeller region denoted by arrows. Thus
propulsion efficiency is enhanced. The plate 56 in addition to
closing the trunk 25 during powered operation is effective as an
anti cavitation plate. This latter feature is of less significance
than in the case of outboard motors since the through hull mounting
in accordance with this invention places the drive unit well below
the surface and the entire hull 10 and plate 56 prevent
cavitation.
Plate 56 is best seen in FIG. 6 as engaging the three guide rods
53-55 and secured to the drive unit 15. The plate 56 has slight
clearance with trunk 25 as the trunk is not intended to be water
tight at its lower end. Similarly the bottom plate 13 is not sealed
when closed as shown in FIG. 4 and allowing slight entrance and
exit of water between the trunk 25 and exterior.
To minimize vibration and harmful misalignment of the drive unit 15
with respect to the shaft 41, the second plate 56 as shown in FIG.
8 includes tapered holes 60 mating with tapered end sections 61 of
the rods 53-55, one of which appears in FIG. 8. As the retraction
control 20 is moved full forward, the cable 50 of FIG. 3 advances
the drive unit 15 and plate 56 this last one/half inch engaging the
three tapered extensions of the rods 53-55 firmly wedging the unit
in operating position. During that same travel, the clutch pulley
40 engages the dog 44 and shaft 41 and the auxiliary power unit is
operational. Its minimum profile while operating is apparent from
FIG. 5.
In the description above, the auxiliary power unit of this
invention is described as installed with the water line
approximately half way up the trunk 25. This arrangement is
preferred since maintenance on both the motor 24 and the drive unit
15 may be performed easily without allowing the entrance of water
into the boat. The drive unit 15 may be removed with the boat in
the water by merely removing belt 36 and the top cover 43.
In certain installations the trunk is entirely below the water line
and the system operates equally well since the top plate 43 is
sealed to the trunk 25 and the bearing 42 includes a seal as
well.
The above-described embodiments of this invention are merely
descriptive of its principles and are not to be considered
limiting. The scope of this invention instead shall be determined
from the scope of the following claims, including their
equivalents.
* * * * *