U.S. patent number 3,805,570 [Application Number 05/305,995] was granted by the patent office on 1974-04-23 for method and apparatus for rolling hot metal workpieces and coiler for use in coiling hot metal workpieces.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Steel Company of Canada, Limited. Invention is credited to William Smith.
United States Patent |
3,805,570 |
Smith |
April 23, 1974 |
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ROLLING HOT METAL WORKPIECES AND COILER
FOR USE IN COILING HOT METAL WORKPIECES
Abstract
The rollng of hot metal workpieces in a rolling mill including a
roughing mill, a finishing mill and a mandrelless coiler located
between the former two components is accomplished by first rolling
the workpiece in the roughing mill, then coiling the workpiece in
the coiler, uncoiling the workpiece from the coiler, delivering the
workpiece to the finishing mill and rolling it in the finishing
mill.
Inventors: |
Smith; William (Burlington,
Ontario, CA) |
Assignee: |
The Steel Company of Canada,
Limited (Toronto, Ontario, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
26267143 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/305,995 |
Filed: |
November 13, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Nov 15, 1971 [GB] |
|
|
52995/11 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
72/146;
242/535.1; 72/231 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B21C
47/08 (20130101); B21C 47/04 (20130101); B21B
1/26 (20130101); B21B 2015/0057 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B21C
47/02 (20060101); B21C 47/08 (20060101); B21C
47/04 (20060101); B21B 1/26 (20060101); B21B
15/00 (20060101); B21b 001/32 () |
Field of
Search: |
;72/146,168,231,250,366
;242/78,78.7 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Larson; Lowell A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sim & McBurney
Claims
What I claim as my invention is:
1. Apparatus for processing hot metal workpieces comprising first
and second spaced apart rolling mills for rolling a hot metal
workpiece to increase the length and decrease the thickness
thereof, a mandrelless downcoiler for coiling a hot metal workpiece
rolled in said first rolling mill prior to delivery of said hot
metal workpiece to said second rolling mill, said mandrelless
downcoiler having separate spaced apart entrance and exit regions a
bending roll unit for bending said hot metal workpiece to impart a
curvature thereto, means for driving said bending roll unit, cradle
rolls located below said bending roll unit and against which the
coil formed in said mandrelless downcoiler bears and means for
driving said cradle rolls in opposite directions to wind said coil
in one direction and unwind said coil in the opposite direction,
said cradle rolls having axes of rotation that remain fixed during
coiling and uncoiling, said bending roll unit being arranged to
impart a curvature to said hot metal workpiece such that the coil
formed in said downcoiler is formed in a counterclockwise direction
when viewed from the west considering said hot metal workpiece on
entering said downcoiler to be travelling in a south to north
direction, means for conveying a hot metal workpiece rolled in said
first rolling mill through said entrance region and into said
mandrelless downcoiler to be coiled into coil form therein, and
means for delivering said hot metal workpiece via said exit region
to said second rolling mill after said hot metal workpiece has been
uncoiled from said coil form.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said mandrelless
downcoiler includes pinch rolls between which said hot metal
workpiece rolled in said first rolling mill passes before being
coiled in said coiler, means for driving said pinch rolls, and
means located between said pinch rolls and said bending roll unit
for guiding said hot metal workpiece from said pinch rolls to said
bending roll unit, said bending roll unit comprising at least three
bending rolls.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said mandrelless
downcoiler includes an inner wrap retainer adapted to be inserted
into the hollow core of said coil during the last stages of
uncoiling of said coil to retain the inner wraps of said coil
during final uncoiling of said coil, and means for moving said
inner wrap retainer into and out of the core of said coil.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said first mill is a
roughing mill and said second mill is a finishing mill.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said first mill is the
last direct rolling roughing mill stand of a plurality of direct
rolling roughing mill stands and said second mill is the first
finishing mill stand of a plurality of finishing mill stands.
6. A mandrelless downcoiler having separate spaced apart entrance
and exit regions for entrance of a workpiece to be coiled into said
downcoiler and exit of said workpiece from said downcoiler during
uncoiling of the coil formed in said downcoiler, a bending roll
unit for bending a workpiece to impart a curvature thereto, said
bending roll unit comprising at least three bending rolls, driving
means for rotating said bending rolls, at least two cradle rolls
located below said bending roll unit and against at least one of
which the coil formed in said downcoiler bears during coil
formation and driving means for rotating said cradle rolls in
opposite directions to wind said coil in one direction and unwind
said coil in the opposite direction, said cradle rolls having axes
of rotation that remain fixed during coiling and uncoiling, said
bending roll unit being arranged to impart a curvature to said
workpiece such that the coil formed in said downcoiler is formed in
a counterclockwise direction when viewed from the west considering
said workpiece on entering said downcoiler to be travelling in a
south to north direction.
7. A mandrelless downcoiler according to claim 6 wherein there are
at least three of said cradle rolls.
8. A mandrelless downcoiler according to claim 7 including pinch
rolls for receiving a metal workpiece to be coiled by said
downcoiler and driving means for rotating said pinch rolls, said
bending roll unit being located to receive a metal workpiece
transferred thereto from said pinch rolls.
9. A mandrelless downcoiler according to claim 8 including means
for guiding said workpiece from said pinch rolls to said bending
roll unit.
10. A mandrelless downcoiler according to claim 6 including an
inner wrap retainer adapted to be inserted into the hollow core of
said coil during the last stages of uncoiling of said coil to
retain the inner wraps of said coil during final uncoiling of said
coil and means for moving said inner wrap retainer into and out of
the core of said coil.
11. A mandrelless downcoiler according to claim 6 including means
for moving at least one of said bending rolls towards and away from
the other of said bending rolls.
12. A method for processing hot metal workpieces which comprises
the following steps:
a. rolling a hot metal workpiece in a first rolling mill to
increase the length and decrease the thickness thereof;
b. coiling said hot metal workpiece from said first rolling mill in
a mandrelless downcoiler of the type claimed in claim 6;
c. thereafter uncoiling said hot metal workpiece from said
mandrelless downcoiler;
d. subsequently delivering said hot metal workpiece to a second
rolling mill; and
e. rolling said hot metal workpiece in said second mill to further
increase the length and decrease the thickness thereof.
13. A method according to claim 12 wherein there is crop shear
located between said mandrelless downcoiler and said second mill
and wherein said hot metal workpiece is rolled in said first
rolling mill to a length greater than the spacing between said
first rolling mill and said crop shear.
14. A method according to claim 12 wherein said hot metal workpiece
is rolled in said first rolling mill to a length greater than the
spacing between said first and second rolling mills.
15. A method according to claim 12 wherein said first rolling mill
is a roughing mill and said second rolling mill is a finishing
mill.
16. A method according to claim 12 wherein said rolling mills are
hot strip mills and said hot metal workpiece delivered to said
second rolling mill is a hot metal strip.
17. A method according to claim 16 wherein said first rolling mill
is a roughing mill and said second rolling mill is a finishing
mill.
18. A method according to claim 12 wherein said hot metal workpiece
is uncoiled substantially immediately after coiling, whereby said
hot metal workpiece is substantially continuously in motion with
respect to said cradle rolls from commencement of coiling to
termination of uncoiling.
Description
This invention in a first aspect relates to methods and apparatus
for rolling hot metal workpieces, particularly steel, although the
invention may be applied to the hot rolling of another metals, such
as aluminum, for example. This invention in a second aspect relates
to coilers for use in coiling hot metal workpieces, particularly
coilers useful in methods or that constitute part of apparatus
embodying the first aspect of this invention.
In the detailed description of this invention that follows,
reference will be made to the rolling and coiling of hot metal
strip, specifically hot steel strip. In other words, the workpiece
will be described as strip material. It is to be understood that in
practising this invention workpieces in other than strip form, for
example, in rod form, may be utilized, although the invention finds
particular utility where the workpiece is strip material.
The conventional method of rolling hot metal strip involves heating
an ingot or slab to approximately 2,300.degree.F (for steel) and
reducing it in thickness by rolling it through a series of rolling
mill stands. Normally the rolling sequence takes place in two
stages referred to as the roughing mill and and finishing mill.
In the roughing mill stage the slab or ingot normally is rolled
through one or more rolling mill stands in a series of passes until
it is reduced in thickness to a transfer bar approximately 1 inch
thick. The roughing mill stage also may include one or more
vertical edging mills.
Following the roughing operation, the transfer bar normally is
transferred on table rolls to a continuous finishing mill train
where it is further reduced to the desired gauge.
There are a number of problems inherent in this normal method of
rolling hot metal strip. Some of these problems arise from the long
length of time that it takes the transfer bar to feed at a
relatively slow speed into the finishing mill train. In this
connection, the transfer bar is fed into the finishing mill train
at a speed that is slower than the speed at which the transfer bar
emerges from the roughing mill. Thus, the latter speed may be 600
ft/min. and the former speed 150 ft./min.. The speed of the strip
emerging from the finishing mill train is much greater, of course,
and may be 2,800 ft./min., for example. Another problem is that to
provide sufficient future capacity it is necessary to build a mill
having greater capacity than that which will be utilized
initially.
Because of the high heat transfer rate of the relatively thin
transfer bar, the fact that heat is imparted to the transfer bar in
the finishing mill and the tail end of the transfer bar cools off
as the head end thereof passes through the finishing mill train, a
considerable temperature drop results between the head and tail
ends of the transfer bar during the finishing mill operation. In
addition, a considerable amount of secondary scale is formed on the
very large exposed surface area of the transfer bar while it is
waiting on the delay table ahead of the finishing mill stage. It
will be understood that the aforesaid temperature differential
creates a problem in that temperature is an important factor in the
rolling operation, and changes in temperature must be compensated
for if constant strip thickness is to be achieved. Moreover, in
order to obtain constant metallurgical properties, strip
temperature out of the last finishing mill stand must be kept
substantially constant.
In order to overcome the temperature differential problem, modern
mills are powered to roll the transfer bar at its minimum tail end
temperature, are designed for high speed operation to minimize the
time the transfer bar sits on the delay table and are equipped to
provide zoom rolling in order to maintain an acceptable constant
strip temperature out of the last finishing mill stand. Zoom
rolling involves accelerating the finishing mill after the head end
of strip has reached the coilers to compensate for the temperature
differential by increasing the amount of heat put into the transfer
bar during the finishing mill operation. Zoom rolling also
decreases the time that the transfer bar sits on the transfer
table. Where zoom rolling is used, zoom cooling also is
required.
In order to remove secondary scale formed on the transfer bar while
it is waiting on the delay table, a high pressure water descaling
unit is employed, this unit being located just ahead of the
finishing mill train. Of course, such treatment drastically reduces
the temperature of the transfer bar, and additional mill rolling
horsepower is required to compensate for this reduction in
temperature.
It is known to provide a heat reflector shield over the delay table
to reduce the heat radiation loss from the top side of the transfer
bar. However, this system only partially conserves the heat of the
transfer bar, does not eliminate head to tail rundown or equalize
transfer bar temperature and does not prevent formation of
secondary scale.
It also is known to roll a tapered transfer bar with its head end
thinner than its tail end. The theory of this system is, of course,
that the thicker tail end of the transfer bar will lose heat more
slowly than the front end thereof and, consequently, reach the
first finishing stand at a similar temperature to that of the head
end when it was at the entry to the first finishing stand. This
technique introduces additional operating variables, e.g., taper
rolling in the roughing stands and variable drafting through the
finishing stands. It also doesn't prevent formation of secondary
scale.
The installation at the delay table of an induction heating furnace
to control the temperature of the transfer bar has been suggested.
However, this technique could interfere seriously with the removal
of cobbles.
The use of a Steckel mill to avoid the aforesaid head to tail
temperature differential and its associated problems also is known.
A Steckel mill is designed primarily for the purpose of rolling
light gauge strip on a single stand reversing hot mill. Normally
there is provided a reversing roughing stand that reduces a slab to
about 1 inch before presenting it to a single stand, reversing,
four high roll stand with a hot coiling furnace located on either
side thereof. The transfer bar is passed back and forth through the
latter stand until the desired thickness is obtained, the strip
being successively reheated in the coiling furnaces on the final
passes. This method suffers from the following drawbacks:
a. poor strip surface quality resulting from the formation of scale
during the rolling and reheating cycles, this scale being rolled
into the strip,
b. fast deterioration of mill work rolls caused by rolled in scale
and all work being done on one set of mill rolls, and
c. variation in gauge due to the ends of the strip being colder
than the middle of the strip because of the relatively cool
temperature of the mandrels and the length of time that the ends of
the strip are out of the hot coiling furnaces during the reversing
cycle.
In accordance with the method embodiment of the first aspect of
this invention, methods are provided for rolling hot metal
workpieces that offer the important advantage of, for a new mill,
reducing the length of the mill, buildings, foundations etc. that
would otherwise be required and providing flexible capacity to take
care of future requirements or, for an existing mill, increasing
the capacity of the mill to roll larger size coils than it was
designed to roll. Other significant advantages that may be obtained
are as follows:
a. conservation of the heat of the hot metal workpiece,
b. substantial equalization of the temperature of the hot metal
workpiece,
c. reduction in the formation of secondary scale on the hot metal
workpiece, and
d. reduction in the cost of mill drives, electric motors, power
supplies, controls and other electrical equipment.
In accordance with a method embodying the first aspect of this
invention, a hot metal workpiece is rolled in a roughing mill and
the resultant hot transfer bar then is delivered to and downcoiler
in a mandrelless coiler. The transfer bar subsequently is uncoiled
from the downcoiler, delivered to a finishing mill and then rolled
in the finishing mill.
In accordance with the apparatus embodiment of the first aspect of
this invention, apparatus for rolling hot metal workpieces that
offers the advantages (a), (b) and (c) noted beforehand and that
can offer other of the advantages comprises first and second
rolling mills and a mandrelless downcoiler located therebetween for
receiving and coiling hot metal workpieces from the first rolling
mill prior to being delivered to the second rolling mill.
In accordance with the second aspect of this invention there is
provided a mandrelless downcoiler that offers a number of
advantages over coilers having a mandrel and some advantages over
upcoilers.
This invention in its various aspects will be more apparent from
the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the
appended drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic top elevation of a conventional, fully
continuous hot strip mill;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top elevation of a continuous hot strip mill
constituting a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of this
invention;
FIG. 3 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a coiler
constituting a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of this
invention;
FIG. 4 is a top elevation of the coiler shown in FIG. 3; and
FIGS. 5-10 are schematic side elevations of the coiler shown in
FIG. 3 at various stages during its operation.
Referring to the conventional, fully continuous hot strip mill of
FIG. 1, it includes, in the following order, a furnace 10, a
vertical scale breaker 11, a horizontal scale breaker 12, a
roughing mill consisting of five roughing mill stands 13, 14, 15,
16 and 17 each with its own vertical edger, a rotary crop shear 18,
a finishing mill consisting of six finishing mill stands 19, 20,
21, 22, 23 and 24 and three coilers 25, 26 and 27. Indicated in
FIG. 1 are typical distances in feet between various components of
the rolling mill assuming that it is arranged to roll 1,000 pounds
per inch of width (P.I.W) steel strip.
FIG. 2 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of
this invention and shows a continuous hot strip mill also arranged
to roll 1,000 P.I.W. strip. It differs from the mill of FIG. 1 in
that it includes a coiler 29 located between final roughing mill
and stand 17 and the first finishing mill stand 19. More
specifically, a coiler 29 is located between roughing mill stand 17
and rotary crop shear 18. Not shown but part of the hot strip mill
is the runout table on which the strip passes from the finishing
mill to the coilers 25, 26 and 27, the water sprays above the
runout table, other roller tables between various components and a
descaling spray unit that may be located between crop shear 18 and
finishing mill stand 19, all of which are conventional. It also
should be understood that the number and type of stands that
constitute the roughing and finishing mills, the type, location and
even provision of a crop shear, and the number and type of coilers
25-27 are not material to this aspect of this invention.
Coiler 29 is a mandrelless coiler that accepts the hot metal strip
from roughing mill stand 17 head end first, coils the hot metal
strip and then delivers it tail end first to the finishing mill.
Coiler 29 is a mandrelless downcoiler, since a coiler of this type
offers a numberof advantages which will become more apparent
hereinafter. A mandrelless downcoiler that is constructed in
accordance with the second aspect of this invention and which is
used in methods embodying the first aspect of this invention and as
part of apparatus embodying the first aspect of this invention is
illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 and will be described in greater
detail hereinafter.
The operation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 and a preferred
method embodying the first aspect of this invention now will be
described with reference to FIG. 2.
A slab or ingot from furnace 10 is processed in a conventional
manner in scale breakers 11 and 12 and the roughing mill. As the
slab or ingot is processed through the roughing mill, its length
increases and its thickness diminishes, and ultimately a hot
transfer bar emerges from final roughing mill stand 17.
In the conventional, continuous hot strip mill shown in FIG. 1, the
distance between roughing mill stand 17 and crop shear 18 must be
sufficient to accommodate the transfer bar that is produced by the
roughing mill, and it is for this reason that there is spacing
between roughing mill stand 17 and crop shear 18 in FIG. 1 of in
excess of 320 ft. However, the interposition of coiler 29 between
roughing mill stand 17 and crop shear 18 or between the former and
finishing mill stand 19 makes it entirely unnecessary to provide
sufficient space between roughing mill stand 17 and crop shear 18
or between the former and finishing mill stand 19 to accommodate
the full length of the transfer bar. Consequently, there can be
marked reduction, as compared with the hot strip mill of FIG. 1, in
the spacing between furnace 10 and crop shear 18 or in the spacing
between furnace 10 and finishing mill stand 19. This represents not
only a saving in real estate, but also a saving in mill buildings,
foundations and roller tables. In order to maximize these savings,
the transfer bar should be as long as possible. Preferably the
transfer bar is considerably longer than the distance between
roughing mill stand 17 and crop shear 18 and, even more preferably,
is considerably longer than the spacing between roughing mill stand
17 and finishing mill stand 19.
The transfer bar is delivered on a suitable roller table (not
shown) head end first to coiler 29, and the complete transfer bar
is coiled therein. This step is as opposed to the step utilized in
the operation of the mill of FIG. 1 wherein the transfer bar would
be delivered from the roughing mill to a delay table and remain
thereon until delivered to the finishing mill, with all the
attendant disadvantages that flow from this prior art
procedure.
Coiler 29 is a special type of coiler, i.e., a mandrelless
downcoiler, that offers important advantages and details of one
embodiment of which are set out hereinafter.
After the transfer bar has been completely coiled in coiler 29, it
is uncoiled and delivered on a roller table (not shown), preferably
tail end first, to the finishing mill. Before the transfer bar is
delivered to the finishing mill, it passes through crop shear 18
that crops the end of the transfer bar in a conventional manner.
The transfer bar then is rolled in the finishing mill in a
conventional manner and delivered on a runout table (not shown) to
and coiled by one of coilers 25, 26 and 27. As noted beforehand, a
descaling unit may be provided between crop shear 18 and finishing
mill stand 19 and water sprays for cooling the transfer bar are
provided over the runout table.
Provision may be made, if desired, to permit coiler 29 to be
readily removed, thereby converting the hot strip mill of FIG. 2 to
a direct rolling mill, albeit of limited capacity.
The use of mandrelless downcoiler 29 and the rolling technique
hereinbefore described enables the length of the transfer table
between the roughing and finishing stands to be reduced
appreciably. Thus, with a mill designed to roll 1,000 P.I.W., it
may be possible to reduce the length of the transfer table by about
250 or 260 resulting in a considerable capital cost saving.
Another significant advantage of the method constituting the first
aspect of this invention can be seen by comparing the lengths of
the runout table in FIGS. 1 and 2, this length being the distance
between the last finishing mill stand 24 and the first coiler 25.
For a conventional, fully continuous hot strip mill (FIG. 1) the
runout table is 530 feet in length. By way of comparison, the
runout table in FIG. 2 is only 385 feet, a difference of 145 feet.
This reduction in the length of the runout table results from the
fact that zoom rolling is not required when coiler 29 is
employed.
In conventional, hot strip mills the transfer bar is accelerated
considerably as it passes through the finishing mill stands (so
called zoom rolling) to compensate for the head-to-tail temperature
rundown of the transfer bar. An extremely important feature in the
development of proper metallurgical properties in the strip
emerging from the finishing mill is the cooling which takes place
between the last finishing mill stand 24 and the coiler and,
consequently, the temperature at which the strip is coiled. In
conventional, hot strip mills the transfer bar is accelerated
during passage through the finishing mill, so the runouout table
must be sufficiently long to allow adequate cooling of the strip
existing from the finishing mill at very high speed (up to 4,000
feet per minute). However, in a method embodying the first aspect
of this invention as described hereinbefore, the transfer bar can
be rolled in the finishing mill at more moderate, constant speeds
of, say, about 2,500 feet per minute and achieve similar rolling
rates. Consequently, the length of the runout table can be
considerably shorter and yet still provide the necessary degree of
cooling for the entire length of rolled strip.
It should be understood that the first aspect of this invention may
be practised with an existing, conventional, continuous hot strip
mill of the type shown in FIG. 1. Since such a hot strip mill is an
existing mill, no saving in real estate, mill buildings foundation,
roller tables etc. will be realized, but, on the other hand, the
capacity of the mill can be suitably increased by virtue of its
ability to accommodate a transfer bar on the final pass through
roughing mill stand 17 that is considerably longer than the
transfer bar that can be accommodated without the provision of
coiler 29.
A mill designed and powered for rolling the bulk of the product
mix, e.g. 62 inches wide, 0.09 inch thick .times. 750 P.I.W., in a
conventional manner could, by the practise of the method
hereinbefore described, roll a wider range of product, possibly 74
inches wide, 0.06 inch thick .times. 1,000 P.I.W., the coiler in
the latter case providing the temperature equalizing and heat
retention required in order to remain within the power capability
of the mill and metallurgical property limits of the product.
Since the transfer bar stored in coil form in coiler 29 goes
through a temperature equalizing cycle, and it can be arranged so
that there is negligible heat loss to the atmosphere, the
temperature of the transfer bar entering the first finishing mill
stand 19 can be substantially constant head to tail, and the
transfer bar then can be fed into the finishing mill train at a
slower speed, so that more power can be used for rolling materials
like stainless steel or high strength low alloy steels.
Since the head to tail temperature of the transfer bar entering the
first finishing stand 19 can be substantially constant, zoom
rolling and its attendant complications conventionally required to
compensate for head to tail temperature rundown can be avoided, as
aforementioned. Ancillary to this, there is no necessity to
accelerate gradually from, say, 2,000 ft./min. to 4,000 ft./min.,
as is necessary when zoom rolling is practised. Consequently, after
the strip has reached the coilers 25, 26 or 27, the finishing mill
stands can be accelerated to top speed at a very fast rate and
produce at a higher rolling rate. Moreover, with zoom rolling
eliminated, the strip can travel at a constant speed between the
last finishing mill stand 24 and the coilers, simplifying the
runout cooling spray system (no zoom cooling), and yet identical
metallurgical properties can be obtained throughout the coil.
Since the finishing mill stands will roll a constant temperature
transfer bar at a constant speed, thus removing these two
variables, more stable mill operation should result, the work of
the automatic gauge control (A.G.C.) system and loopers should be
reduced and closer product tolerances achieved.
Since the temperature of the transfer bar entering the first
finishing mill stand 19 can be predetermined and will remain
substantially constant regardless of thickness or coil size, it
should be possible to roll high tensile alloy steel by reducing
mill speed and hence increasing mill power and taking minor
productivity penalties. The reduction in rolling speed also will
eliminate the need for high powered coilers and possibly could
permit the use of in-line flying shears in place of coilers and
also reduce the fumes normally produced on the last three finishing
mill stands of a conventional high speed mill.
If a staged capacity hot strip mill is desired, it is possible to
start with a four finishing mill stand installation by reducing the
transfer bar thickness in the roughing mill to something less than
1 inch. This will enable the final coiler 25, 26 or 27 to be
located closer initially to the finishing mill, reducing the length
of the runout table, building foundations, etc.
In a conventional, hot strip mill any cobbles at the finishing mill
or coilers usually mean the loss of the following transfer bar
being rolled simultaneously at the roughing mill, since it would be
too cold for further processing after the cobble has been cleared.
With the mill of FIG. 2, the roughing mill could complete its
operation and the hot transfer bar could be stored in coiler 29
until the cobble was cleared. In a conventional, hot strip mill the
transfer bar may come into the first finishing mill stand at the
relatively high temperature of about 1,950.degree.F -
2,000.degree.F to compensate for the head to tail temperature drop
during finishing mill rolling, and this high temperature results in
substantial scale formation. With a mill of the type shown in FIG.
2, the development of secondary scale through the finishing mill
stands can be controlled by predetermining the transfer bar
temperature at its time of entry into the finishing mill and
keeping it below the temperature at which high temperature
secondary scale forms.
While the furnace 10, slabs 30 are on skids which create cold spots
in the slabs. Operation of the A.G.C. system is required to reduce
the thickness of these cold spots. In a mill of the type shown in
FIG. 2, it may be possible to substantially temperature equalize
the cold spots.
In conventional, hot strip mills there is a minimum temperature for
the slabs delivered from the furnace to ensure proper transfer bar
temperature at the finishing mill. With the temperature equalizing
effect that can result from the practise of a method embodying the
first aspect of this invention, this minimum temperature can be
reduced and the slabs moved through the furnace more quickly.
The practise of the method hereinbefore described will reduce the
temperature loss in the transfer bar significantly, and this will
result in a substantial increase of P.I.W. on an existing mill.
By the practise of the aforesaid method, it is believed possible
that a mill layout designed for conventional rolling of 750 P.I.W.
could roll up to, say, 1,600 P.I.W.. This would enable a reheating
furnace to be charged with slabs all of the same length and
thickness to give 100 percent furnace hearth utilization. The hot
transfer bar then would be split into desired sizes at a crop shear
ahead of the first finishing mill stand.
It is an important feature of the first aspect of this invention
that coiler 29 is a mandrelless downcoiler, since a coiler of this
type avoids many of the problems that are inherent in hot strip
coilers having a mandrel and that have been used with Steckel
mills, for example. Mandrelless coilers having been used in the
past for coiling cold strip, but their use for coiling a hot
transfer is believed to be unique. A mandrelless downcoiler is used
rather than a mandrelless upcoiler, because the latter does not
lend itself to a subsequent uncoiling operation in a continuous
manner without the aid of peelers and pinch rolls. This is an
important consideration when one is dealing with a hot transfer bar
being processed in a hot strip mill, since subjecting the hot
transfer bar to scratches or conditions under which cold spots
could occur must be avoided.
In accordance with the second aspect of this invention there is
provided a mandrelless downcoiler that coils a hot transfer bar
into the form of a complete coil and then, in one continuous
operation, uncoils the transfer bar in the same direction. The
mandrelless downcoiler is designed to avoid scratching of the
surface of the hot transfer bar by minimizing the use of mechanical
equipment that could result in this undesirable effect. In
addition, it is designed to be operated in such a manner as to
prevent cold spots from being formed in the hot transfer bar as a
result of the hot transfer bar becoming stationary while in contact
with a cold metal surface.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, a mandrelless downcoiler 40 includes an
entry pinch roll set 41, a set 42 of bending rolls, a set 43 of
coil cradle rolls, three drive mechanisms 44, 45 and 46
respectively of any suitable type for the foregoing sets of rolls,
an inner wrap retainer 47, a suitable drive mechanism 48 for
reciprocating the retainer into and out of position, exit
sideguides 49, a standby exit pinch roll 50, a removable cover 51,
an emergency peeler 52 and any suitable drive mechanism 53 for
peeler 52.
Entry pinch roll set 41 consists of upper and lower driven rolls 54
and 55 respectively mounted with their axes of rotation parallel to
each other.
Extending between pinch roll set 41 and bending roll set 42 are
deflection plates 56 for guiding the hot transfer bar to the
bending roll set. The latter is conventional in nature and consists
of one lower and two upper driven rolls 57, 58 and 59 respectively
mounted with their axes of rotation parallel to each other and to
the axes of rotation of rolls 54 and 55.
The bearing blocks 60 and 61 are provided at each end of rolls 58
and 59 respectively and may be reciprocated up and down along
tracks 62 and 63 respectively by means of hydraulically operated
pistons (not shown) contained in cylinders 64 and 65 respectively
and connected to bearing blocks 60 and 61 via connecting rods 66
and 67 respectively. Cylinders 64 and 65 are mounted on a part 68a
of the framework or housing of coilers 40. Of course screw jacks or
other devices may be used for moving rolls 58 and 59.
When rolls 57, 58 and 59 are in the position shown in FIG. 3, the
hot transfer bar is forced to follow a curved path in passing
between the rolls, and the transfer bar receives a permanent bend
or curvature. However, rolls 58 and 59 can be retracted when it is
desired not to bend the transfer bar.
Cradle roll set 43 consists of three driven cradle rolls 68, 69 and
70 mounted with their axes of rotation parallel to each other and
to the axes of rotation of rolls 54, 55, 57, 58 and 59. In a less
preferred embodiment cradle roll 70 could be replaced by a skid
plate.
Inner wrap retainer 47 normally remains in a retracted position and
is not to be confused with a mandrel. A mandrel is a device upon
which a material may be coiled. Inner wrap retainer 47, on the
other hand, is in its retracted position during the whole of the
coiling operation. It is inserted into the hollow core of the coil
only towards the end of the uncoiling operation and serves to
retain the inner wraps of the coil in position during the last
stages of uncoiling.
Exit sideguides 49 assist in the proper formation of the coil and
prevent the coil from forming into a telescope configuration.
Peeler 52 normally remains in its retracted position and is not
used in the normal operation of coiler 40. However, in emergencies
it can be moved into operating position by its drive mechanism 53
and operates to separate the wraps of the coil.
The housing of coiler 40 includes an optional removable cover 51,
which has been found not to be required, and other walls 72.
Located ahead of coiler 40 is an entry table 73 including driven
table rolls 74 on which the hot transfer bar is transported to
coiler 40. An exist table 75 includes driven table rolls 76 is
located behind the coiler.
Standby exit pinch roll 50 is used only in emergencies and normally
is located above the position thereof shown in FIG. 3. When it is
used, as, for example, in conjunction with peeler 52, it is pivoted
into the position thereof shown in FIG. 3 and cooperates with one
of rolls 76 to form a pinch roll unit.
The location of cradle rolls 68-70 and their speed of rotation
relative to the speed of rotation of bending rolls 57-59 is
important in ensuring the formation of a proper coil. In this
respect, the coil initially is formed on rolls 69 and 70, i.e.,
during the initial formation of the coil, the curved transfer bar
from the set of bending rolls contacts rolls 69 and 70, but not
roll 68. After the coil being formed has become quite large,
contact is made with rolls 68 and 69, and contact with roll 70 is
broken. The location of cradle rolls 68-70 relative to bending
rolls 57-59 and the speed of the latter relative to the former must
be selected such that the curved transfer bar emerging from the
bending roll unit is prevented from following the path that it
otherwise would be striking itself somewhere near the entry point
to the three roll bending unit and instead is formed into a tight,
circular coil. Many different locations and speeds of the cradler
rolls are possible, but, in all cases, the cradle rolls should be
driven faster than bending rolls 57-59. However, care should be
taken not to drive cradle rolls 68-70 so fast as to form so tight a
coil as to cause scratching and galling of the rolls on the
transfer bar and of the transfer bar on itself. In general, the
cradle rolls should not substantially alter the velocity of the
head end of the transfer bar on its first wrap.
The operation of mandrelless downcoiler 40 now will be described
with reference to FIGS. 5 to 10 from which it will be noted that
suitable hot metal detectors 78 and 79 are disposed over entry and
exit tables 73 and 75 respectively.
Prior to initiation of the coiling operation, the components of the
coiler are in the positions shown in FIG. 5, i.e., inner wrap
retainer 47 retracted and bending rolls 57-59 in operative
position. The bending rolls all are being driven at the same speed,
as are all of the cradle rolls, this being achieved via drive
mechanisms 45 and 46 respectively. The cradle rolls are being
driven slightly faster than the bending rolls and the peripheral
speed of the latter is the same as that of the transfer bar. Pinch
rolls 54 and 55 are driven at the same peripheral speed as that of
the bending rolls. Roll 54 is pivotally mounted so that after the
transfer bar has reached the bending rolls, it can be raised
slightly. It then functions as a guide roll rather than as a part
of a pinch roll unit.
Hot metal detector 78 detects the head end of a hot transfer bar.
If hot metal detector 79 indicates that coiler 40 is clear, the
transfer bar is permitted to enter the coiler. However, if hot
metal detector 79 indicates that coiler 40 is not ready to receive
the transfer bar (because the previous transfer bar has not yet
cleared coiler 40), the drive mechanism (not shown) for table rolls
74 is disconnected therefrom, and the transfer bar is held until
the coiler is clear. The aforementioned control operations may be
performed electronically using equipment of known type.
The hot transfer bar passes through pinch roll set 41 and is guided
by deflection plates 56 into bending roll set 42 where a curvature
is imparted thereto. The curved end of the transfer bar heads
downwardly toward cradle roll set 43, contacts cradle rolls 69 and
70 and is formed into a tight coil. After the coil has become
larger, it falls to the position shown in FIG. 6 where it is
supported on cradle rolls 68 and 69.
As shown in FIG. 6, after hot metal detector 78 detects the tail
end of the transfer bar, bending rolls 58 and 59 are retracted.
This avoids putting a bend or set into the tail end of the transfer
bar and facilitates extraction of the tail end prior to encoiling.
Of course, other techniques than using a hot metal detector for
sensing the tail end of the transfer bar and retracting bending
rolls 58 and 59 may be employed. For example, the quantity of steel
passing through the pinch rolls may be measured and the bending
rolls retracted shortly before all of the transfer bar passes
through the bending roll set.
Turning now to FIG. 7, when the tail end of the transfer bar leaves
pinch rolls 54 and 55, a signal is derived and transmitted to drive
mechanism 46 by any suitable detection device, and cradle roll
68-70 are decelerated and brought to rest at the instant that the
tail end of the transfer bar leaves bending roll set 42 and passes
over the top of the coil. The tail end of the coil then falls
freely due to its inertia onto exit table 75, and the direction of
rotation of cradle rolls 68-70 automatically is reversed. The
transfer bar then is uncoiled being driven tail end first out of
coiler 40.
It should be noted that in normal operation the tail end of the
transfer bar is not permitted to pass under the coil. However, if a
cobble should occur at some point beyond the coiler, cradle rolls
68-70 would be driven to rotate the coil slowly to inhibit the
formation of cold spots.
When hot metal detector 79 detects the presence of the hot transfer
bar, a signal is produced that is supplied to a control system for
the drive mechanism of bending rolls 58 and 59 and these are
returned to their operative position as shown in FIG. 8. In
addition, this signal may be used to activate the crop shear.
Any suitable device may be employed to determine when the uncoiling
operation is near its end and, as shown in FIG. 9, activate inner
wrap retainer 47. This retainer is inserted through the hollow core
of the coil and serves to retain the last few wraps of the coil
during the uncoiling operation.
Referring now to FIG. 10, when hot metal detector 79 ceases to
detect hot metal indicating that the transfer bar has cleared the
coiler, a signal is derived and used to reset the coiler (inner
wrap retainer 47 returned to its retracted position), release an
interlock on hot metal detector 78 to permit the next transfer bar
to enter coiler 40 and activate crop shear for a tail end
(previously the head end of the transfer bar) cut.
While various embodiments of the different aspects of this
invention have been disclosed in detail herein, those skilled in
the art will appreciate that changes and modifications may be made
therein without departing from the spirit and scope of this
invention as defined in the appended claims.
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