U.S. patent number 3,803,976 [Application Number 05/284,322] was granted by the patent office on 1974-04-16 for automatic pistol.
Invention is credited to Hinderikus Lucas Visser.
United States Patent |
3,803,976 |
Visser |
April 16, 1974 |
AUTOMATIC PISTOL
Abstract
The invention relates to automatic pistols, and visualises the
employment of a mechanism the purpose of which is to permit the
mode of firing to be changed automatically i.e., from the firing of
single rounds to firing a burst of rounds of a predetermined number
(and vice-versa). The change in mode is effected through the agency
of a lever-like handgrip which is pivotably fitted to the forestock
and such that in a folded position the handgrip sets the mechanism
to a mode of operation in which only the firing of a single round
is possible, and in this folded position the handgrip lies flush
with the forestock such that in size and appearance the weapon is
conventional. In the unfolded position of the handgrip the weapon
has, through the unfolding operation, been set to permit the weapon
to fire a burst of a predetermined number of rounds. Furthermore,
in the unfolded position, the handgrip provides an auxiliary grip
which, when grasped by the normally free hand of the marksman,
steadies the aim and contributes to overcoming the inherant
characteristic of "elevation creep" of the trajectory during the
firing of bursts or continuous firing of such machine-pistols when
employed in the role of a sub-machine gun. The mechanism for
determining the mode of firing functions in cooperation with the
trigger sear and bolt. Actuation of the trigger in the unfolded
position of the handgrip permits a segmentally toothed switching
member to pivot step-by-step for each recoiling action of the bolt
after the firing of a burst of a predetermined number of rounds,
i.e., the stepping actions equalling the bolt recoil movements.
Actuation of the trigger in the folded position of the handgrip
permits one round only to be fired since the stepping of the
toothed member is inhibited by a stop on the handgrip which is
interposed in the path of the member in its pivoting action. In
this mode of operation the trigger must be released for the
mechanism to be reset to fire a following single round. Removal of
the detent in the mechanism, or displacement of the toothed member
inhibits operation of the mechanism in the mode for firing bursts
of rounds and permits a whole magazine to be fired off or as many
rounds as permitted so long as the trigger remains in the pulled
condition.
Inventors: |
Visser; Hinderikus Lucas
(Wassenaar, NL) |
Family
ID: |
19813911 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/284,322 |
Filed: |
August 28, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Aug 30, 1971 [NL] |
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7111952 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
89/129.02;
89/141; 42/72 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41A
19/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41A
19/00 (20060101); F41A 19/02 (20060101); F41d
011/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;42/71R,71P,72,73
;89/129R,129B,141 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Bentley; Stephen C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Burgess, Dinklage & Sprung
Claims
I claim:
1. Automatic pistol comprising a forestock, a firing mechanism
adapted for the firing of single shots and for firing bursts or
continuous fire and a pivotable handgrip operable between two fixed
positions on said forestock and adapted to change said firing
mechanism over from the firing of single shots to the firing of
bursts or continuous fire upon pivoting said handgrip from one
fixed position to the other.
2. Automatic pistol comprising a forestock, a firing mechanism
adapted for the firing of single shots and for the firing of bursts
and a pivotable handgrip operable between two fixed positions on
said forestock and adapted to change said firing mechanism over
from the firing of single shots to the firing of bursts upon
pivoting said handgrip from one fixed position to the other, said
handgrip having a stop which, when said handgrip is flush with said
forestock, engages a spring based toothed switching member of said
firing mechanism in a position to effect firing of single
shots.
3. Automatic pistol comprising a forestock, a firing mechanism
adapted for the firing of single shots and for firing bursts, a
pivotable handgrip operable between two fixed positions on said
forestock adapted to change said firing mechanism over from the
firing of single shots to the firing of bursts, one of said fixed
positions being substantially perpendicular to the barrel thereby
allowing a spring biased toothed switching member of said firing
mechanism to pivot to effect said firing of bursts.
4. Automatic pistol comprising a forestock, a firing mechanism
adapted for the firing of single shots and for firing bursts, a
pivotable handgrip operable between two fixed positions on said
forestock adapted to change said firing mechanism over from the
firing of single shots to the firing of bursts, one of said fixed
positions being substantially perpendicular to the barrel thereby
allowing a spring biased toothed switching member of said firing
mechanism to pivot to effect said firing of bursts, said handgrip
in said perpendicular position serving when grasped by a free hand,
to steady the aim during the firing of bursts, and the pistol
assumes the role of a sub-machine gun.
5. Automatic pistol comprising a forestock, a firing mechanism
adapted for the firing of single shots and for firing bursts, a
pivotable handgrip operable between two fixed positions on said
forestock adapted to change said firing mechanism over from the
firing of single shots to the firing of bursts, one of said fixed
positions being substantially perpendicular to the barrel thereby
allowing a spring biased toothed switching member of said firing
mechanism to pivot to effect said firing of bursts, the total
number of rounds fired in a burst being determined by the
configuration of the said toothed switching member.
Description
This invention relates to improvements in automatic pistols.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,058,746 (K. Westinger) describes an automatic
pistol, which employs a changeover mechanism for effecting
continuous fire. Such pistols have the disadvantage of a relatively
high rate of fire since, through their nature of operation, there
is insufficient room to permit the bolt to recoil over a longer
distance which would result in a slower rate of fire. Through this
high rate of fire and the general lightness in weight of such
weapons, delivery of effective bursts of fire is only possible with
the support of a pistol-butt. However with such a pistol-butt, the
weapon assumes the proportions of a sub-machine gun. Besides this
the fitting of the butt requires more time to accomplish than the
unfolding or withdrawal of the butt of a modern sub-machine gun to
its operative position. In the majority of cases the magazine
capacity is too small or too large for the weapon to be considered
as a substitute for a sub-machine gun.
Solutions are also known in which the high rate of fire is
compensated for by retardation of the breach mechanism velocity or
operation of the firing mechanism. Such solutions are, however,
complicated and their realisation in terms of manufacturing costs
is high. Furthermore complicated mechanisms lead to higher
incidences of stoppages.
A pistol has been developed as recently as 1970 by the Firm of
Heckler & Koch, Oberndorf-on-Neckar, Germany. This pistol
employs a firing system such that the firing of short bursts of a
determined number of rounds (or shots as they are sometimes called)
is possible. Since the mechanism for achieving this mode of fire is
accommodated in the butt, the changeover from firing single rounds
to bursts of rounds (and vice-versa) with this weapon is only
possible with the butt in the operative position and such that the
previously stated disadvantages still arise.
The present invention seeks to remove the objections arising from
these known disadvantages in machine-pistols, and in a simple
manner such that as well as firing single rounds the pistol may be
employed as a machine-pistol for firing bursts of a determined
number of rounds. In pursuance of the objects of the present
invention, the pistol to be described herein is provided with a
lever-like handgrip which is pivotably mounted on a leading portion
of the forestock. This handgrip is coupled in operative
relationship with the trigger mechanism. It is pivotable from one
to the other (and vice-versa) of two operative positions; in the
unfolded (open) position it acts to permit automatic firing of a
determined number of rounds i.e., a burst of rounds instead of the
firing of single rounds such as occurs in the folded (closed)
position. This arrangement obviates the necessity for providing a
changeover switch for determining the mode of firing. In the folded
position, the handgrip lies flush with the underside of the
foregrip so that, in appearance, it is substantially
indistinguishable from a conventional pistol; and again in its
unfolded position the handgrip acts as a second handgrip thus
making an attachable handgrip unnecessary.
A major portion of the control mechanism for determining the mode
of operation lies foreward of the trigger guard, and is
accommodated within the forestock. Only this portion of the
mechanism is more voluminous than with conventional types of
pistol, and that much heavier by the sum of the weights of the
extra components.
When the pistol assumes the role of a sub-machine gun, the extra
weight forward of the trigger guard has an advantage inasmuch that
the inherent tendancy for the trajectory to increase in elevation
i.e., ("elevation creep" ) is lessened when the weapon is firing
automatically, this advantage accrues through a better distribution
of weight effecting the balance of the weapon.
According to the present invention therefor there is provided:
An automatic pistol comprising a barrel with a cartridge feed
mechanism, a forestock including a butt, and a firing mechanism,
which is arranged for the firing of single shots and for firing
bursts, characterized in that there is provided a pivotable
handgrip operable between two fixed positions whereby the firing
mechanism can be automatically changed over from the firing of
single shots to the firing of bursts or continuous fire .
The foregoing aspect and other aspects of the invention will be
better understood from the following description read with
reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows, in cross-section, a side elevation of the forestock
revealing the components accommodated therein and,
FIG. 2 shows, in cross-section, a side elevation of the forestock
revealing the components accommodated therein when the handgrip is
in the unfolded (open) position.
FIG. 1 shows a trigger 2 pivotably mounted, within the forestock 1,
on a pin 3. A forewardly placed portion of the trigger 2 pivotably
mounts, via a pin 6 extending therefrom a carrier 5. A vertically
extending member of the carrier 5 is machined with a recessed
portion 5a, which is arranged to be engaged by a bent portion at
the forward (lefthand) end of a sear 7. Extending from the rear
(right-hand) end of the carrier 5 is a member 5b which is arranged
to engage with and act under the influence of a spring 4 carried on
the pin 3 mounting the trigger. Yet another member 5c extends
forward (left) from the carrier 5. The previously referred to sear
7 is arranged to pivot on the pin 8 such that it is biassed by the
spring 18 to turn in a clockwise direction i.e., the left hand end
is biassed to move upward. The detent 9 is also pivotably
accommodated on the pin 10 within the forestock 1. This detent 9
has an arm 9a extending rearwards therefrom and a pawl 9b extending
laterally from a vertically depending arm thereof. The detent 9 is
biassed to pivot in a clockwise direction about pin 10 under the
influence of the spring 13 accommodated on the pin 12, and also
engaging a catch 11. The toothed switching member 14, which
functions in the changeover of the mode of operation, is pivotably
mounted on a pin 17 within the forestock 1 and is biassed to pivot
in the clockwise direction under the influence of the spring 16
carried by the same pin. On the remote side of the toothed
switching member 14 there extends therefrom an interrupter 15, and
arcuate toothed portions 14a and 14b are arranged on either side of
the pivot pin 17 supporting the toothed switching member. A
changeover lever 19 is pivotably mounted on a spindle 24 and is
also biassed to pivot in an anti-clockwise direction such that the
rear (righthand) free end can move upward. A changeover link 22 is
pivotably mounted on a pin 20 affixed to, and extending from, the
free end of the changeover lever 19. This changeover lever
incorporates therein an arcuate slot 21 which is engaged by a pin
23 extending from the changeover link 22; this arrangement permits
the changeover link 22 to pivot about the pin 20 over an arc
defined by the arcuate limits of the slot 21 (FIG. 2).
The previously mentioned catch 11 is accommodated within the
forestock 1, this catch 11 is engaged by and subjected to the
influence of the apring 13 so as to cause it to pivot in the
clockwise direction about the pin 12. At the foreward end of the
forestock, and accommodated therein, is a locking pin 27 which is
urged in the forward direction under the influence of a compression
spring 28, which is accommodated within the locking pin and
impinges against the spindle 24. The handgrip 25, pivotably mounted
in common with the changeover lever 19 on the spindle 24 has a hole
29 therein at its fore end and is fitted with a stop pin 26 at its
rear end.
FIG. 1 shows the relative positions of the components in their
operative condition for firing of single shots. It will be seen
that the handgrip 25 is in the folded position thereof such that it
lies substantially flush with the forestock 1, and is locked in
position by engagement of the catch 11 with a portion of the
handgrip 25 at its rear end. The mechanism just described operates
in the following manner:
For the firing of single shots, the trigger 2 is pulled in the
conventional manner, thus it is caused to pivot on the pin 3,
whereupon the member 5a of the carrier 5 is urged into engagement
with the sear 7 under the action of the spring 4 on the member 5b
of the carrier 5; and since the sear 7 and the carrier 5 are
coupled by the engagement of the bent portion at the end of the
former engaging with the recess 5a in the latter, the sear 7 is
caused to pivot, simultaneously with the pulling of the trigger 2,
on the pin 8.
On the pulling of the trigger 2 other actions take place; the
upwardly acting force of the pin 6 of the trigger 2 on the
underside 9a of the arm of the detent 9 pivots said detent on the
pin 10 in an anti-clockwise direction to cause the pawl 9b
extending from the lower end thereof to come into engagement with
the arcuate rack of teeth 14b of the toothed member 14 under the
action of the spring 13. Through the action of the sear 7 in its
pivoting movement, the bolt 31 is released in a well-known manner
to make a foreward excursion to effect firing of a single shot.
Under the pressure of gases, built up by the burning of propellent
on detonation of the cartridge, the bolt 31 recoils rearward in a
well-known manner in the breach (not shown), and whereby the
change-over lever 19 pivots on the spindle 24, under the action of
the spring 18, in the clockwise direction and so that it causes the
changeover link 22 thereon to descend. Since the changeover link 22
is mounted on the changeover lever 19, via pin 20, this changeover
link is biassed into engagement with the foreward end of the
toothed arcuate rack 14a of the toothed switching member 14 under
the influence of the spring 18, and its descent the pawl portion
22b engages with the teeth of the rack. Further descent causes
pivoting of the toothed switching member 14 over an arc, subtended
by the pitch subtended by one tooth of the rack of teeth, in the
anticlockwise direction. The pivoting of the toothed switching
member 14, against the influence of the spring 16, causes the
interrupter thereon designated 15 to move upward into engagement
with the arm 5c of the carrier 5. Through this engagement, and
against the influence of the spring 4, the carrier 5 pivots in the
clockwise direction such that the recess 5a therein comes out of
engagement with the bent end portion of the sear 7 which then
pivots on the pin 8 in a clockwise direction, under the influence
of the spring 18, to its original position.
When, in a well-known manner, the bolt 31 is again driven forward
under the action of the breach spring (not shown), the changeover
lever 19 (and thus the changeover link 22) return to their original
positions under the influence of the spring 18. This return
movement continues until an extending stop portion of the
changeover link 22 comes into engagement with a stop 30 affixed to
the forestock 1, and further through this movement the pawl portion
22b of the changeover link 22 is pivoted out of engagement with the
tooth in the arcuate rack of teeth 14b in the toothed changeover
member 14.
To fire the following single shot, the trigger must first be
released and pulled again. By releasing the trigger 2, the pin 6
extending therefrom causes the detent 9, via the arm 9a thereon, to
move upward due to the anticlockwise movement on pin 10 against the
influence of the spring 13; this results in the pawl 9b being
withdrawn from engagement with a tooth of the arcuate rack of teeth
14b whereupon the toothed switching member 14 returns to its
original position, under the influence of the spring 16, by its
pivoting movement on the pin 17.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown the condition of the
mechanism components for the firing of bursts. The handgrip 25 is
shown in the unfolded position, and is fixed vertically with
respect to the barrel by engagement of the locking pin 27 in the
hole 29 in the handgrip 25 and under the influence of the spring
28. Through the action of unfolding the handgrip 25, the stop pin
26 affixed thereto is withdrawn from engagement with the underside
of the rear (righthand) portion of the toothed switching member 14;
whereupon this member rotates about pin 17 in an anti-clockwise
direction under the influence of the spring 16 and until the
underside of the member lies flush against an adjacent portion of
the forestock 1 as illustrated.
The operation for the firing of bursts is the same as for firing
single shots with the followingly described differences however.
Firing is only interrupted when the number of recoil excursions of
the bolt is equal to the number of teeth in the arcuate racks of
teeth of the toothed switching member 14. During the firing of
bursts, and in a well-known manner through the provision of a
second catch arrangement, (not shown) the firing mechanisms is
acted on by the foreward movement of the bolt 31. When the trigger
2 is released after firing of a burst, or when the magazine is
empty, al components return to their original positions as
previously described.
Without modification to the mechanism it is possible, as well as
firing bursts, to deliver continuous fire. To this end therefor it
is only necessary to interrupt the rotation (pivoting) of the
toothed switching member 14, which takes place under the action of
the bolt 31. This interruption may be achieved by mounting the
toothed switching member 14 in a laterally displacable manner on
the pin 17, whereby with the employment of any well-known means the
switching member can be set to assume any one or the other of two
positions. In one of said fixed positions it functions normally to
effect bursts of firing, and in the other one of said fixed
positions the teeth thereon cannot be engaged by the pawls 22b and
9b of the link member 22 and the detent 19 respectively.
It is also possible with the unfolding of the handgrip 25, to
effect continuous firing, instead of the firing of bursts, by
removal of the detent 9.
In the unfolded position of the handgrip 25, it serves as a second
handgrip so that, when gripped by the free hand of the marksman,
the aim is steadied and thus an extra fixed handgrip is
unnecessary.
It is to be understood that the invention is not confined to the
embodiment illustrated herein and described, but may be modified in
a variety of ways. Prefereably however the sear 7 should be mounted
above the trigger 2 rather than below it since the former
arrangement makes it simpler to apply a magazine accommodating two
rows of cartridges.
* * * * *