U.S. patent number 3,803,808 [Application Number 05/375,801] was granted by the patent office on 1974-04-16 for two-stage type of electric dust arrester.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Yoshifumi Nitta, Kazuhiko Sendai, Akira Shibuya, Susumu Takayama, Masaharu Yana.
United States Patent |
3,803,808 |
Shibuya , et al. |
April 16, 1974 |
TWO-STAGE TYPE OF ELECTRIC DUST ARRESTER
Abstract
A two-stage electric dust arrester having a charging stage and a
collecting stage arranged in succession within a chamber defined by
a casing. The charging stage includes a pair of charging electrodes
spaced apart laterally of the path of flow of dust through the
chamber. The collecting stage, located downstream includes a
collecting electrode having a pocket extending along its length
with an open face aligned with the space between the charging
electrodes in the direction of movement of dust through the
chamber. A high voltage DC source connected to the charging and
collecting electrodes creates a field to accelerate dust particles
as they move between the electrodes and for attracting the
particles into the pocket.
Inventors: |
Shibuya; Akira (Tokyo,
JA), Takayama; Susumu (Saitama, JA), Nitta;
Yoshifumi (Yokohama, JA), Sendai; Kazuhiko
(Tokyo, JA), Yana; Masaharu (Tokyo, JA) |
Assignee: |
Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo
Kabushiki Kaisha (Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo-to, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
27307494 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/375,801 |
Filed: |
July 2, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Sep 20, 1972 [JA] |
|
|
47-94207 |
Oct 14, 1972 [JA] |
|
|
47-102869 |
Dec 19, 1972 [JA] |
|
|
47-127402 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
96/54; 96/62 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B03C
3/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B03C
3/12 (20060101); B03C 3/04 (20060101); B01d
003/12 (); B01d 003/45 (); B01d 003/41 () |
Field of
Search: |
;55/123,129,130,138,139,152,154,156 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
519,391 |
|
May 1953 |
|
BE |
|
840,853 |
|
Jul 1960 |
|
GB |
|
999,051 |
|
Jul 1965 |
|
GB |
|
1,198,881 |
|
Jul 1970 |
|
GB |
|
714,821 |
|
Sep 1931 |
|
FR |
|
1,268,819 |
|
Jun 1961 |
|
FR |
|
448,504 |
|
Jul 1928 |
|
DD |
|
471,795 |
|
Feb 1929 |
|
DD |
|
45-29719 |
|
Sep 1970 |
|
JA |
|
215,135 |
|
Nov 1941 |
|
CH |
|
Primary Examiner: Talbert, Jr.; Dennis E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Price, Heneveld, Huizenga &
Cooper
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or
privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A two-stage type of electric dust arrester comprising a charging
stage and a dust collecting stage arranged in succession within a
casing from an inlet of said casing towards an outlet thereof,
characterized by the provision of:
a. a collector electrode disposed downstream of a gap space formed
between adjacent driving electrodes in said collecting stage, said
collector electrode having a pocket formed therein extending in the
lengthwise direction, the inlet opening of said pocket being
directed towards said gap space, and
b. a high voltage DC source for establishing an electric field such
that charged dust particles are driven in said electric field from
said driving electrode toward said inlet opening of said pocket in
said collector electrode.
2. A dust arrester as defined in claim 1, further characterized by
corona discharge means in said charging stage, said corona
discharge means including a plurality of spaced apart rod-shaped
electrodes each having a body of angle-shaped transverse
cross-section, the apex edges of said angle-shaped body being
directed toward said inlet of said casing, the rear edges of said
angle-shaped bodies being formed with sharp tips; and a plurality
of opposite electrodes disposed downstream of said corona discharge
electrodes.
3. A dust arrester as defined in claim 2, further characterized in
said opposite electrodes having passageway means formed adapted for
connection to a coolant source.
4. A dust arrester as defined in claim 1, further characterized in
corona discharge electrodes disposed in front and rear stages in
said charging stage along the flow path of dust containing gas
through said casing and opposite electrodes positioned between said
front and rear stages of said corona discharge electrodes.
5. A dust arrester as defined in claim 1, further characterized in
that said driving electrodes and said collector electrodes are
formed with pockets extending in their lengthwise direction; the
side edges of said pockets providing electric field forming
surfaces of circular cross-sectional configuration, said pockets in
said driving electrodes having inlet openings therein directed
toward said collector electrodes, and said pockets in said
collector electrodes having inlet openings disposed downstream of
said gap space formed between said adjacent driving electrodes.
6. A two-stage type of electric dust arrester comprising a charging
stage and a dust collecting stage arranged in succession within a
casing from an inlet of said casing towards an outlet thereof,
characterized by the provision of:
a. a plurality of rod-shaped collector electrodes disposed
downstream of a plurality of rod-shaped driving electrodes said
driving electrodes being spaced apart having gap spaces formed
therebetween, said collector electrodes having pockets formed
therein extending in the lengthwise direction; said pockets having
inlet openings directed toward said gap spaces,
b. rod-shaped sorption electrodes positioned at said inlets to said
pockets of said collector electrodes; and
c. a high voltage DC source having a negative terminal connected to
said driving electrodes and a positive terminal connected to said
collector electrodes.
7. A dust arrester as defined in claim 6, further characterized in
that said driving electrodes are formed with pockets extending in
their lengthwise direction, said pockets having inlet openings
therein, the side edges of said pockets in said collector electrode
having electric field forming surfaces of arcuated cross-section
configuration, said pockets in said driving electrodes and said
pockets in said collector electrodes being opposed to each other,
said inlet openings of said pockets in said collector electrodes
disposed downstream of said gap spaces formed between adjacent
driving electrodes; said sorption electrodes being rod-shaped
having a radius of curvature in the transverse cross-section
smaller than that of said field forming surfaces of said collector
electrodes and disposed downstream of the centers of said gap
spaces.
8. A two-stage type of electric dust arrester as defined in claim
6, further characterized in that the sorption electrodes are
disposed in the proximity of a plane tangential to said electric
field forming surfaces of arcuated cross-section configuration
provided along the side edges of said pockets in said collector
electrodes.
9. A two-stage type of electric dust arrester as defined in claim
6, further characterized in that the polarity of the electric
potential at said collector electrodes is the same as the polarity
of the electric potential at said sorption electrodes.
10. A dust arrester as defined in claim 6, further characterized by
a high voltage AC source connected across said driving electrodes
and said collector electrodes.
11. An electric dust arrester having a charging stage and a
collecting stage arranged in succession within a chamber defined by
a casing, said arrester characterized by said charging stage having
a pair of charging electrodes spaced apart laterally of the path of
flow of dust through said chamber; said collecting stage having a
collecting electrode aligned with the space between said charging
electrodes in the direction of movement of dust through said
chamber; said collecting electrode having a pocket extending
lengthwise thereof, said pocket having an open face directed toward
said charging electrodes; and a high voltage DC source of
electrical energy connected to said charging and collecting
electrodes for creating a field to accelerate dust particles as
they move between said charging and collecting electrodes and for
attracting the particles into said pocket of said collecting
electrode.
12. An electric dust arrester having a charging stage and a
collecting stage arranged in succession within a chamber defined by
a casing, said arrester characterized by said charging stage having
a plurality of charging electrodes spaced apart laterally of the
path of flow of dust through said chamber; a plurality of opposite
electrodes positioned downstream of said charging electrodes; said
collecting stage having a plurality of spaced apart driving
electrodes therein positioned downstream of said charging and said
opposite electrodes; a plurality of collecting electrodes aligned
with the space between said driving electrodes in the direction of
movement of dust through said chamber; said collecting electrode
having a pocket extending lengthwise thereof, said pocket having an
open face directed toward said driving electrodes; and a high
voltage DC source of electrical energy connected to said charging,
opposite, driving and collecting electrodes for creating a field to
accelerate dust particles as they move through said chamber and for
attracting the particles into said pocket of said collecting
electrode.
13. The dust arrester of claim 12 wherein said DC source includes a
negative terminal and a positive terminal, said negative terminal
being connected to said charging and driving electrodes and said
positive terminal being connected to said opposite and collector
electrodes.
14. The dust arrester of claim 13 and further including sorption
electrodes positioned in said pockets at the open face thereof said
sorption electrodes being connected to said positive terminal.
Description
The present invention relates to an electric dust arrester for use
in removal of dust contained in an exhaust gas discharged from a
baking apparatus or kiln for limestone, cement and the like, a
combustion apparatus for coal, petroleum and the like, or other
exhaust gas sources.
More particularly, the present invention relates to improvements in
a two-stage type of electric dust arrester consisting of a charging
stage for charging the dust in the exhaust gas by making use of a
corona discharge and a dust collecting stage disposed downstream of
said charging stage for separating the charged dust from the
exhaust gas.
The above-referenced two-stage type of electric dust arrester has
an excellent feature over the so-called single-stage type of
electric dust arrester comprising a corona discharge electrode and
a dust collector electrode disposed opposite to the former in that
even if the apparent resistivity of the dust is as high as
10.sup.11 .OMEGA..sup.. cm the dust collection can be achieved
without being accompanied with anomalous phenomena such as, for
example frequency of spark, inverse ionization, etc.
However, upon removal the dust accumulated on the dust collector
electrode as by hammering, once the accumulated dust is dispersed
again into the exhaust gas, in the case of the single-state type of
electric dust arrester, the recharging of the dust particles is
achieved immediately and is collected by the dust collector
electrode. In the case of the two-stage type of electric dust
arrester there is a disadvantage that the dust particles are
admixed into the exhaust gas without being recharged and thus
discharged to the exterior.
A principal object of the present invention is to make it possible
to collect the dust particles without exposing the particles to the
exhaust gas flow, even in the case of dust having an apparent
resistivity equal to or higher than 10.sup.11 .OMEGA..sup.. cm, or
even upon removal of the dust which has once accumulated on the
electrode as by hammering.
A second object of the present invention is to intensely charge the
dust particles in the exhaust gas by making said particles contact
directly to the corona discharge electrode.
A third object of the present invention is to adjust the flow of
the exhaust gas by means of the electrode and thereby eliminate the
proper flow adjusting means.
A fourth object of the present invention is to provide double
contact between the exhaust gas containing dust particles and the
corona ions in parallel and anti-parallel flows and thereby
uniformly charge the dust particles in the exhaust gas.
A fifth object of the present invention is to lower the temperature
at the opposite electrode and thereby prevent the inverse
ionization phenomena.
A sixth object of the present invention is to cause all the charged
dust particles to move towards the inlet of the pocket of the
collector electrode.
A seventh object of the present invention is to capture the charged
dust particles in a space in front of the collector electrode,
separate them from the exhaust gas by making use of a gravity, and
thereby make them drop away.
According to the present invention, a two-stage electric dust
arrester includes a charging stage and a collecting stage arranged
in succession within a chamber defined by a casing, from an inlet
to an outlet thereof. The charging stage includes at least a pair
of charging electrodes spaced apart laterally of the path of flow
of dust through said chamber. The collecting stage includes
collecting electrodes aligned with the space between the charging
electrodes in the direction of movement of dust through said
chamber from the inlet to the outlet. Pockets are formed in the
collecting electrodes and extend lengthwise thereof, the pockets
have an open face directed upstream toward the charging electrodes
to receive dust particles. A high voltage DC source of electrical
energy is connected to said charging and collecting electrodes for
creating a field to accelerate dust particles as they move between
said charging and collecting electrodes and for attracting the
particles into the pockets of the collecting electrodes.
The present invention will be more fully understood from the
following description of a number of embodiments of the two-stage
type of electric dust arrester illustrated in the accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing an outline of the two-stage
type of electric dust arrester according to the present
invention,
FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view of the same,
FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a part of the apparatus
in FIGS. 1 and 2,
FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a modification of the part shown in
FIG. 3,
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view showing another embodiment of the
present invention,
FIG. 6 is an enlarged plan view of a part of the apparatus in FIG.
5,
FIG. 7a through 7y, respectively, show alternative embodiments of a
part of the electrodes shown in FIG. 6,
FIGS. 8 and 9, respectively, are plan views illustrating further
modified embodiments of the invention, and
FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a modification of a part of the
apparatus in FIG. 9.
The two-stage type of dust arrester illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2,
comprises a charging stage A and a dust collecting stage B arranged
within a casing 1 in succession from an inlet 2 of the casing
towards an outlet 3. In addition, beneath the casing 1 are provided
a hopper 4 for dust and a transfer conveyor 5, and further in the
proximity of the inlet 2 are provided guide blades 6.
The charging stage A consists of angle-shaped corona discharge or
charging electrodes 9 having a contactor 8 with sharp tips 7
fixedly secured thereto and rod-shaped opposite electrodes 10
disposed downstream of discharge electrodes 9. Corona discharge
electrodes 9 and opposite electrodes 10 are arrayed in multiple at
intervals along the respective planes transverse to the flow of
exhaust gas.
The dust collecting stage B consists of elongated rod-shaped
driving electrodes 11 extending in the vertical direction and
rod-shaped collector electrodes 12 disposed downstream of the
driving electrodes. The driving electrodes 11 are arrayed in
multiple at intervals providing gap spaces 13 along a plane
perpendicular to the direction of the exhaust gas flow. The
collector electrodes 12 are also arrayed in multiple at an interval
along a plane transverse to the exhaust gas flow. An elongated
pocket 14 is formed within collector electrode 12 extending in the
lengthwise direction. An inlet 15 of pocket 14 is disposed
downstream of the gap space 13 formed between adjacent driving
electrodes 11 and is directed towards gap space 13.
A high voltage DC source 16 is connected across the corona
discharge electrodes 9 and opposite electrodes 10 and also across
the driving electrodes 11 and the collector electrodes 12 via
conductors 17 and a limiting resistor 18 as shown in the
figures.
In operation, the exhaust gas discharged from an exhaust gas source
(not shown) flows from gas inlet 2 through guide blades 6, charging
stage A and dust collecting stage B to gas outlet 3. The dust
particles floating in the exhaust gas are charged by the negative
ion flow directed from corona discharge electrodes 9 to opposite
electrodes 10.
Since the corona discharge electrodes 9 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and
2 are formed in an angle-shape cross-section and their corner edges
are directed upstream, the exhaust gas flow is temporarily choked
upon passing through the gap spaces between the corona discharge
electrodes 9. The dust particles in the exhaust gas are caused to
contact the electrodes so that they are intensely charged in a
short period of time.
The charged dust particles directed into the dust collecting stage
B are driven from driving electrodes 11 toward collector electrodes
12. In particular, since a high voltage DC source is connected
across driving electrodes 11 and collector electrodes 12, the
charged dust particles are conveyed to within the pockets 14 of the
collector electrodes 12. Because of the DC electric field
established between electrodes 11 and 12, dust collects on
collector electrodes 12. The collector electrodes 12 are applied
with mechanical shocks as by hammering, and the dust then torn off
the electrodes 12 falls through the space in the pockets 14,
reaches the conveyor 5 via the hopper 4, and then is discharged to
the exterior. Therefore, the exhaust gas passing through the dust
collecting stage B is converted to a clean gas containing no dust,
and then led to the outlet 3.
While the corona discharge electrodes 9 were formed, in the
above-described embodiment, in an angle-shape having a contactor 8
with sharp tips 7 fixedly secured thereto, the same function and
effect can be expected as shown in FIG. 4 by employing corona
discharge electrodes 9' of angle-shape having a contactor 8' and a
plurality of needle-like protrusions 7' mounted at a predetermined
interval in the lengthwise direction along the rear edges on both
sides of the angle-shaped body.
In the two-stage type of electric dust arrester illustrated in
FIGS. 5 and 6, the component parts designated by the same
references bearing the prime (') designation as those in FIGS. 1
and 2 achieve the same functions. Reference numeral 19 designates
an arcuated field forming surface provided on each side of the
rod-shaped driving electrode 11' having an arcuated transverse
cross-section, the open end 20 of said driving electrode 11' being
directed downstream. Driving electrodes 11' shown in FIGS. 5 and 6
are distinguished from those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in that the
configurations of the transverse cross-section are different from
each other and in that on each side of open end 20 is formed a DC
electric field forming surface 19 of arcuated shape.
Gap spaces 13' formed between DC electric field forming surfaces 21
of arcuated shape of the adjacent driving electrodes 11' are
disposed so as to oppose the inlet openings 15' of the collector
electrodes 12' defined by field forming surfaces 21 formed on the
respective sides of collector electrodes 12' which are provided
downstream of driving electrodes 11'. The width of the inlet
openings 15' is broader than that of gap spaces 13'.
The negatively charged dust particles conveyed to the narrow
regions between respective adjacent driving electrodes 11' in dust
collecting stage B are, due to the negative polarity of the
potential on driving electrodes 11', repulsed by driving electrodes
11', concentrated by the electric field between the driving
electrodes 11' and collector electrodes 12' toward collector
electrodes 12' which are maintained at a positive potential and
collected in pockets 14' of electrodes 12.
Since the DC electric field is established toward the inner side of
the collector electrode 12' as shown by dotted lines in FIG. 6,
almost all of the dust particles in the exhaust gas which are
moving along the lines of electric force, are conveyed toward the
inner side of pocket 14' in the collector electrode 12'.
FIGS. 7a through 7y illustrate examples of modified cross-section
configurations of driving electrodes 11' and collector electrodes
12' in the two-stage type of electric dust arrester shown in FIG.
5.
The corona discharge electrodes 9 in the two-stage type of electric
dust arrester shown in FIG. 8 are similar to those shown in FIG. 2,
but another set of corona discharge electrodes 22 are disposed
downstream of opposite electrodes 10 in such manner that the apex
edges of the angle-shaped bodies may be directed in the opposite
direction to that of corona discharge electrodes 9. In addition,
extending through the opposite electrodes 10 are formed passageways
23 for liquid coolant such as, for example, cooling water. Water
feed and discharge pipes (not shown) are connected to passageways
23. The other component parts in FIG. 8 designated by the same
reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 2, also achieve the same
functions.
In operation, the dust particles in the exhaust gas flowing through
the casing 1 are at first charged as moving along with the ionic
wind caused by the corona discharge and emitted from the corona
discharge electrodes 9 towards the opposite electrodes 10,
subsequently they are charged as moving inversely in the direction
of the ionic wind flowing from the other set of corona discharge
electrodes 22 towards the opposite electrodes 10, and thereby the
dust particles can be charged uniformly. In addition, the liquid
coolant such as water flowing through the passageways 23 within the
opposite electrodes 10 serves to lower the temperature of the dust
layer adhered to the electrode surface and thereby greatly reduce
the electric resistivity of the same, so that the inverse
ionization phenomena caused by the dust adhered to the electrode
surface may be eliminated.
In the two-stage type of electric dust arrester illustrated in FIG.
9, sorption electrodes 24 are provided at the center of the pocket
15 in the collector electrodes 12 and applied with a potential of
the same polarity as the rod-shaped collector electrodes 12. The
radius of curvature in the cross-section of the sorption electrodes
24 is smaller than that of the field forming surface 21 on each
side of the collector electrodes 12. Sorption electrode 24 is
disposed substantially on the center line of gap space 13 formed
between adjacent driving electrodes 11, in such manner that the
extreme edge of the field forming surface of sorption electrode 24
is tangent to the plane including the extreme edges of the electric
field forming surfaces on the respective sides of the collector
electrodes 12. The other component parts designated by the same
references as those described with reference to the preceding
embodiments, achieve the same functions.
In this embodiment, a first uneven DC electric field as shown by
dotted lines is established between the electric field forming
surfaces 19 of driving electrodes 11 and electric field forming
surfaces 21 of collector electrodes 12. Simultaneously a similar
intense DC electric field is established between electric field
forming surfaces 19 and sorption electrodes 24. Dust particles
passing through gap spaces 13 between adjacent driving electrodes
11 are driven toward collector electrodes 12 by the first DC
electric field and the intense DC electric field to be concentrated
at and adhered to sorption electrodes 24 and also to be adhered to
the inner surface of collector electrodes 12.
The dust adhered to the sorption electrode 24 grows gradually to
form a dust layer, which peels off by applying mechanical shocks or
vibrations as by intermittent hammering, and falls into the hopper
4 to be collected therein. Then the partly dispersed dust particles
adhere to the collector electrodes 12. The dust particles dispersed
upon hammering the sorption electrodes 24 start to disperse
substantially from the center of the inlet opening 15 of the
collector electrode 12, and are entirely transferred to the inner
surface of the collector electrode 12 and thereby completely
collected.
FIG. 10 shows schematically a part of a modification of the
two-stage type of electric dust arrester illustrated in FIG. 9, in
which an AC voltage source 25 is connected across driving
electrodes 11 and collector electrodes 12. In this case, because
the AC electric field established between driving electrodes 11 and
collector electrodes 12, a part of the charged dust particles are
captured in the space between these electrodes to be prevented from
moving further, and under the captured condition the charged dust
particles fall down to be collected.
It is intended that the scope of the present invention should not
be limited to the preferred embodiments described above and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings. All modifications
employing the principles of the invention are therefore considered
as included in the appended claims unless these claims by their
language expressly state otherwise.
* * * * *