U.S. patent number 3,803,430 [Application Number 05/304,885] was granted by the patent office on 1974-04-09 for miniature motor.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Motorola, Inc.. Invention is credited to Harry H. da Costa, Victor W. Foster, Charles G. Thornton.
United States Patent |
3,803,430 |
da Costa , et al. |
April 9, 1974 |
MINIATURE MOTOR
Abstract
A miniature electric motor is disclosed wherein a synthetic
bobbin or frame has a rotor inside of a central cylindrical cavity,
the rotor being supported in bearings which include large diameter
flanges bonded to the bobbin. The windings are disposed around the
bearing flanges and in grooves whose bottom surfaces are tangential
to the cylindrical cavity. The windings thus assist in holding the
bearing flanges to the bobbin and form part of the motor framework.
The angular bottom surfaces effects increase in the number of turns
in the windings and effects an increase in the rotor diameter and
thus in the motor torque. A slightly elliptical ring yoke of high
permeability and low remanence surrounds and is bonded to the
bobbin, the minor axis of the ellipse being at a slight angle to
the normal of axis of the field created by the windings to create
poles for stopping the rotor at a predetermined position. The major
axis of the ellipse is only slightly larger than the minor axis to
keep the starting torque requirements low, thereby preventing
increase in power consumption.
Inventors: |
da Costa; Harry H. (Scottsdale,
AZ), Foster; Victor W. (Scottsdale, AZ), Thornton;
Charles G. (Phoenix, AZ) |
Assignee: |
Motorola, Inc. (Franklin Park,
IL)
|
Family
ID: |
23178408 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/304,885 |
Filed: |
November 8, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
310/40MM;
310/216.137; 310/216.111; 310/90; 368/204; 310/156.21; 310/41;
968/493 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G04C
3/16 (20130101); H02K 21/14 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H02K
21/14 (20060101); G04C 3/00 (20060101); G04C
3/16 (20060101); H02k 021/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;310/156,4MM,254,259,258,41,193,90 ;58/23 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Duggan; D. F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Rauner; Vincent J. Myer; Victor
Claims
1. A miniature motor for a timepiece comprising:
A non-magnetic stator having a central cylindrical cavity of a
predetermined diameter and a predetermined longitudinal
dimension;
two non-magnetic, relatively rigid disk closures attached at their
peripheries to said stator interiorly of its periphery for closing
said cylindrical cavity to define a chamber and for rigidifying the
assembly of said disks and stator;
shaft bearing supports integral with and disposed centrally of said
disk closures;
said bearing supports projecting perpendicularly to said disk
closures;
Shaft bearing disposed at the ends of said shaft bearing
supports;
a shaft disposed in said bearings;
a permanent magnet member having a north and a south pole mounted
on said shaft interiorly of said chamber;
longitudinal and transverse slot means in said stator exterior of
said cavity and said disk closures, the transverse dimension of
said slot means increasing as said transverse dimension approaches
the diameter of said cavity;
winding means disposed in said slot means for providing a magnetic
field of a predetermined direction;
an elliptical ring yoke of high permeability and low remanence
surrounding, and attached to, said stator for further support
thereof;
the minor axis of said ellipse being at an angle to the normal of
the direction of said field; and
the major axis of said ellipse being greater in length than the
minor axis of said ellipse to provide bias means for stopping the
rotor in the same position after each energization of said winding
means and for reducing the starting torque following the
application of a starting energization.
2. A miniature motor according to claim 1 wherein the minor axis of
said
3. A miniature motor according to claim 1 wherein the excess in
length of said major axis over said minor axis is about two to
three thousandths of
4. A miniature motor according to claim 1 wherein said slot means
comprises
5. A miniature motor according to claim 4 wherein the interior
surface of said windings is disposed away from the surfaces of said
disk closures.
6. A miniature motor according to claim 1 wherein each of said
closure disks includes a longitudinal sleeve along the bearing axis
of said shaft
7. A miniature motor according to claim 1 wherein said stator
includes a pair of longitudinal openings beyond the periphery of
the disk closures, and includes contact members disposed in said
openings.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to pulse operated miniature electric motors,
more particularly to such miniature motors having good starting
torque and low power consumption for watch movements and it is an
object of the invention to provide improved miniature motors of
this nature.
Electric motors for watch movements by their very nature are small
devices, usually being of the order of a few millimeters in overall
dimensions. Miniature watch motors are known to the art and most,
if not all, of them present some problems of ease of assembly,
disassembly, efficiency, and torque.
This application provides efficient and simple solutions for these
problems and presents a motor which is an integral unit separate
from the watch requiring no assembly into the watch movement and no
need for wiring. Simply stated, the motor can be plugged into the
printed circuit or other operating components of the watch without
any separate electrical connections. The motor is positively
located in the watch movement and provisions are made for several
different methods of securing or mounting it in place.
Accordingly it is a further object of the invention to provide an
improved pulse operated miniature electric motor of the nature
indicated which is simple to manufacture, easy to assemble into a
watch movement, provides positive starting, and accurate stepping
of the movement.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a motor of the
nature indicated that is inexpensive to make and efficient in
operation.
Further objects and advantages will become apparent as the
description proceeds.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In carrying out the invention in one form there is provided a
miniature motor for a timepiece comprising: a non-magnetic stator
having a central cylindrical cavity of a predetermined diameter and
a predetermined longitudinal dimension; two non-magnetic,
relatively rigid disk closures attached at their peripheries to
said stator for closing said cylindrical cavity to define a chamber
and for rigidifying the assembly of said disks and stator; shaft
bearings disposed centrally of said disk closures; a shaft disposed
in said bearings; a permanent magnet member having a north and a
south pole mounted on said shaft interiorly of said chamber;
longitudinal and transverse slot means in said stator exteriorly of
said cavity and said disk closures, the transverse dimension of
said slot means increases as said transverse dimension approaches
the diameter of said cavity; winding means disposed in said slot
means for providing a magnetic field of a predetermined direction;
an elliptical ring yoke of high permeability and low remanence
surrounding and attached to said stator for further support
thereof; the minor axis of said ellipse being at an angle to the
normal of the direction of said field; and the major axis of said
ellipse being greater in length than the minor axis of said ellipse
to provide bias means for stopping the motor in the same position
after each energization of said winding means and for reducing the
starting torque following the application of a starting
energization.
In carrying out the invention in another form the minor axis of the
ellipse is at an angle of 20.degree.-30.degree. to the normal of
the field direction and the excess in length of the major axis over
the minor axis is about two-three thousandths of an inch.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view on an enlarged scale somewhat
fragmentary and with a section cut away of a motor according to the
invention;
FIG. 2 is an elevational view on a different scale taken
substantially in the direction of the arrows 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view taken substantially in the direction
of the arrows 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a plan view with a cut out portion of one component of
the invention;
FIG. 5 is an elevational view taken substantially in the direction
of arrows 5--5 of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 6 is a side view with a section broken out taken substantially
in the direction of arrows 6--6 of FIG. 5; and
FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view illustrating certain positions of the
components in the functioning circuit.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to the drawings the invention is shown as comprising a
motor 10 including a stator 11 and a rotor member 12. The stator
comprises a ring yoke 13, a winding bobbin or motor frame 14,
winding coils 15 and 16 and bearing members 17 and 18. The rotor
member 12 comprises a rotor 19 which may be in the form of a disk
and a shaft 21 attached to the center of the rotor 19 as by some
adhesive, for example an epoxy. The rotating member 19 may be
formed of any well known high permeability, high magnetic strength
magnetic alloys such for example as samarium cobalt and is
magnetized such that north and south magnetic poles exist on
opposite ends of a particular diameter. In some instances it may be
convenient to use an ordinary bar magnet as compared with a disk
member.
The motor frame member or bobbin 14, also shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6
comprises a one piece molded construction according to a preferred
form of the invention. The material may be nylon, polyvinylchloride
or any other synthetic material having sufficient dimensional
stability and rigidity for the intended purposes. The material must
be non-magnetic and in appropriate instances may also be formed of
brass or aluminum, for example, although these metals would have to
be annodized to produce an insulating surface so as to not risk
short circuiting the windings which are ultimately disposed on the
bobbin.
The bobbin 14 is essentially a cylindrical piece having a central
cylindrical cavity 22 therein within which the rotor 19 is
ultimately received, there being sufficient clearance between the
walls of the cavity 22 and the surfaces of the rotor 19 for this
purpose. On one side of the center of the bobbin 14 transverse
grooves 23 and 24 (FIG. 6) are formed and correspondingly on the
other side of the center of the bobbin transverse grooves 25 and 26
are formed. On the one side of the center of the bobbin,
longitudinal grooves 27 and 28 are formed and on the other side of
the bobbin, longitudinal grooves 29 and 31 are formed. The grooves
23,24 and 26,28 form one winding slot into which the winding 15 is
wound or disposed, and the grooves 25,26 and 29,31 form another
winding slot into which the winding 16 is wound or disposed.
The inner surfaces or bottoms 68,69 and 71,72 of the grooves 23 and
24, respectively, are parallel to each other as may be seen best in
FIG. 6 but the interior surfaces or bottoms of the grooves 27 and
28, as shown for example, by lines 32 and 33 respectively in FIG. 5
are at an angle to each other and are in effect tangent to the
cylindrical surface of the cavity 22. The angular disposition of
the bottoms 27 and 28 enables more turns of wire to be disposed in
the winding groove as compared with a winding groove wherein the
bottoms 27 and 28 were parallel to each other. This may be observed
in FIG. 2 by noting the darker cross hatched portion 20 as compared
with lighter cross hatched portion 30.
In addition the angular bottoms 27 and 28 enable the winding
disposed in the grooves to be closer to the cylindrical wall of
cavity 22 and thus closer to the surface of the magnetic rotor 19
which will be disposed therein. A more efficient magnetic circuit
is thereby achieved. The motor is enabled to develop a higher
torque level or more power output for the same power input.
Similarly the grooves 29 and 31 have angularly disposed bottom
surfaces as shown by the lines 34 and 35, respectively, and the
winding groove formed by the slots 25,26 and 29,31 will receive
more turns for the same stated reasons. The angular bottom surfaces
27,28 34, and 35 enable about 20% more turns to be disposed in the
winding grooves as compared with ordinary constructions.
The end of the cylindrical cavity 22 terminates in circular grooves
36 and 37 which are adapted to receive, respectively, the flanges
38 and 39 of the bearing members 17 and 18, as will be more
particularly described.
Theformation of the winding grooves 23,24 and 27,28 and 25,26 and
29,31 leaves two segment-shaped portions 41 and 42 and to radial
boss-like members 43 and 44. Longitudinal grooves 45 are disposed
in the outer periphery of the segment-like members 41 and 42 and
longitudinal grooves 46 are disposed in the outer peripheries of
the boss-like members 43 and 44. The grooves 45 and 46 are utilized
for cementing or bonding the bobbin to the ring yoke 13 as will be
described. Radial grooves 47 and 48 are formed, as shown, in the
segment portions 41 and 42 to receive the ends 49 and 51 of
connecting pins 52 and 53. The enlarged ends 49 and 51 of the
connecting pins 52 and 53 are press fitted into holes 54 and 55 in
the segment members 41 and 42 respectively. Holes 56 and 57 are
formed, respectively, in the boss-like members 43 and 44 for
receiving attaching screws in the event that such be desired.
The bearing member 17 includes a sleeve portion 58 and a large
diameter radially extending flange 38 at right angles thereto at
one end. At the other end a smaller flange 59 exists which includes
the actual bearing surface centrally thereof for receiving one end
of the shaft 21. Similarly the bearing member 18 includes a large
diameter radially extending flange 39 projecting at right angles to
a sleeve portion 60. At the other end a second and smaller diameter
flange 61 exists at the inner central area of which there is the
actual bearing surface for holding the other end of shaft 21. By
having the bearing flanges 59 and 61 placed at the ends of the
sleeve portions 58 and 60 the bearing surfaces for the shaft 21 are
disposed far apart so that the shaft 21 is supported in a very
stable and accurate manner. The bearing members 17 and 18 may be
formed of any suitably hard non-magnetic and dimensionally stable
material. One type of such material which has been found to be
satisfactory is the alloy beryllium copper. The bearing flanges 59
and 61 made of beryllium copper may run without lubrication as is
well understood although lubrication of course may be provided.
In the assembling process the rotor 19 may be first assembled to
the shaft 21. Thereafter the rotor and shaft are disposed in the
cavity 22 of the bobbin or frame 14. This is followed by disposing
the flanges 59 and 61 of the bearing members 17 and 18 over the
appropriate ends of the shaft 21 and the outer peripheries of the
large diameter flanges 38 and 39 in the respective grooves 36 and
37 at the ends of the cavity 22. While in this position beads 62 of
synthetic material which may be of the same nature as that of the
bobbin itself are formed over the outer peripheries of the flange
members 38 and 39 as by the application of a heated tool. Beads 62
are formed in association with the surfaces of the grooves formed
inwardly of the segmentshaped members 41 and 42 as may be seen best
in FIG. 1. The flange members 38 and 39 are thus firmly bonded to
the bobbin 14 and form therewith a relatively rigid structure which
accurately and firmly holds the shaft 21 in the proper
position.
After the bobbin 14, the rotor 19 and shaft 21 together with the
bearing members 17 and 18 have been assembled together, the
windings 15 and 16 are wound in the appropriate grooves. The
windings, or coils, 15 and 16 are wound in the grooves described
along the angular surfaces 32, 33, 34 and 35 under ordinary tension
for wire of the size as used here which for example may be No. 55
ASW. 156 feet in total comprising about 2,200 turns in each of
coils 15 and 16 are wound as described and the resistance of the
windings may be about 5.6K ohms. The winding tension results in the
inner surface of the cylindrical cavity 22 firmly engaging the
outer edges of the bearing flanges 38 and 39 thereby forming a
relatively rigid and in effect a monolithic structure. The windings
being disposed on the outside of the bearing flanges 38 and 39 thus
provides a significant portion of the strength of the unit.
Referring to FIG. 2 it will be seen that the coils 15 and 16 are
connected by a run 63 of wire and the ends 64 and 65 of the coils
are disposed across and in the grooves 66 and 67 in the ends 49 and
51 of the connecting pins 52 and 53.
The grooves 36 and 37 (FIG. 6) terminating the end of the
cylindrical cavity 22 are disposed inwardly of the surfaces 68 and
69, 71 and 72, which form the inward surfaces of the grooves
receiving the windings. Accordingly it will be evident that the
innermost layer of the windings 15 and 16 are disposed slightly
away from the surfaces of the bearing flanges 38 and 39 thereby
avoiding the possibility of short circuits.
Surrounding the assembly of the rotor, bobbin and windings is the
ring yoke 13. The ring yoke is in the form of a shell or annulus
having a longitudinal, or axial, dimension equal to or slightly
greater than the longitudinal dimension of the bobbin 14. The inner
diameter of the ring 11 is just slightly larger than the diameter
of the bobbin 14 so that the ring may be received thereover in very
close fitting relationship. The slots 45 and 46 in the outer
periphery of the bobbin 13 are utilized to receive a cement such as
for example as an epoxy for tightly cementing the ring yoke 11 to
the bobbin 14. Thereby additional rigidity and strength are
imparted to the motor as a whole.
The ring yoke 11 is not a precise circle but differs therefrom
slightly and actually is in the form of an ellipse. Reference is
made to FIGS. 2 and 7 in this connection. In FIG. 2 the actual
dimensions of one specific form of motor are shown. In this Figure
the major axis of the ellipse is shown to be 0.2474 inches while
the minor axis is shown to be 0.2444 inches. In other words the
minor axis is about three thousandths of an inch less than the
major axis. In the actual case it was found that the minor axis of
the ellipse should be between two thousandths and three thousandths
of an inch less than the major axis. The elliptical shape of the
ring yoke 13 provides for poles at the ends of the minor axis as
may be seen in FIG. 7, and determines the stationary position of
the rotor 12. During operation, positive and negative pulses in
succession are applied to the windings 15 and 16 and provide a
magnetic field in the direction of the arrow 73 in FIG. 7. The
application of each voltage pulse causes the rotor to step, rotate
so to speak, 180 degrees thereby coming opposite the poles
determined by the minor axis of the ellipse. The rotor becomes
stationary at this point. The application of the next pulse again
causes the rotor to step one-half of a revolution, and again it
comes to rest at the poles determined by the minor axis of the
ellipse.
The difference between the major and minor axes of the ellipse is
small in order to create, on the one hand, poles so that the rotor
comes to rest at the same point after each energization. On the
other hand the difference cannot be too great, or the power
required to break the rotor loose for the next succeeding half
revolution becomes too large. Appropriate choice of the difference
keeps the power consumed by the motor. The elliptical cross section
is required to provide poles for stopping the rotor and the
difference in dimensions must be smaller in order to prevent
excessive torque being required.
The major axes 75 of the ellipse is disposed at an angle shown
clockwise in FIG. 7 with respect to the axis 73 of the field
created by the windings. The minor axis 74 on which the north and
south poles of the ring yoke 13 lie is therefore at the same angle
to the normal 76 to the direction of field 73. In this manner the
rotor 12 stops with its north-south axis always at a slight angle
to the normal 76 of the direction of field 73 and enables the
starting torque to be applied to the same direction at each
application of a positive or negative pulse. Accordingly the motor
always runs in the same direction. The angle .alpha. between the
minor axis 74 and the normal 76 is in the vicinity of
20.degree.-25.degree. in the practical case described.
The ring yoke 13 should be of any high permeability low remanence
material such as that available under the trade name of
Hypernic.
Because the inner surfaces 32,33,34 and 35 of the winding grooves
are at an angle, the rotor 19 may be approximately 20 percent
larger in diameter than is possible in constructions where the coil
shape is parallel sided and of comparable diameter. Higher torque
level, or more power output, for the same electrical input is
achieved.
The recesses 36 and 37 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 6 provide
mounting space for the wide flange bearing 38 and 39, allowing for
extremely accurate alignment and positive centering of the rotor
shaft to the motor frame. The bearing flanges also serve the
purpose of entirely enclosing the rotating parts and preventing the
wire winding from protruding into the rotor cavity. Also, being a
close fit in their respective seats they impart a rigidity to the
motor frame impossible to achieve with the molded plastic bobbin
itself, thus preventing distortion due to the pressure of the many
turns of tension wire wound on it.
The method of locking the two bearing flanges in place by hot
pressing a bead of plastic or synthetic material over them provides
a rigid mounting and positive end play positioning without any
possibility of coming loose or loosening alignment. The bearings
and frame become, in effect, one solid piece. The bearing surfaces
themselves are an integral part of the whole bearing assembly and
are spaced as far apart as possible for positive alignment and
reduction of radial movement at the pinion end. Each bearing, as
may be seen, is both radial and thrust, thereby eliminating the
need for additional thrust bearings. The bearing 59 extends beyond
the plane of the base of the motor as may be seen in FIG. 3, and
its outside diameter is held to very tight concentricity and size
tolerances. This provides a boss by which the motor can be
accurately located in the watch movement by simply inserting the
boss into a properly located hole in the watch movement.
The ends of the windings 64 and 65 are disposed across the grooves
66 and 67 in the end lugs 49 and 51 of the connecting pins 52 and
53. A blob of solder may be disposed over the winding in the
grooves 66 and 67 for firmly holding the ends of the coils in
place. During assembly the ends of the wires 64 and 65 may be held
as shown with a dab of cement 77 and 78 until the actual soldering
operation is performed whereafter the blob of cement and the
attached wire end are removed.
It has been found that the ring yoke 13 need not have any apertures
or perturbations for creating any bias, or poles, for holding the
position of the rotor but this effect is achieved by having a solid
ring as shown but in elliptical form rather than circular.
In one particular form of watch motor the diameter of the cavity 22
was 0.128 inches. the longitudinal dimension of the cavity 22
between flanges 38 and 39 was 0.040 inches, and the diameter of the
rotor 12 was 0.117 inches. The diameter of the flanges 38 and 39
was 0.1365 inches and the thickness of the flanges was 0.0055
inches. It will be understood of course that small tolerances are
available in each of these dimensions as will be clear to those
skilled in the art. Other dimensions of course may be used for
particular constructions of motors to meet the particular
conditions.
* * * * *