U.S. patent number 3,802,607 [Application Number 05/185,339] was granted by the patent office on 1974-04-09 for child resistant overcap for aerosol or like containers.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Dow Chemical Company. Invention is credited to Keith C. Mead.
United States Patent |
3,802,607 |
Mead |
April 9, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
CHILD RESISTANT OVERCAP FOR AEROSOL OR LIKE CONTAINERS
Abstract
A child protective overcap detachably fastenable over the spray
nozzle of an aerosol container, and which may, for example, embody
coaxially arranged inner and outer hollow shell portions connected
together such as by radially aligned webs or struts. Such an
overcap has as a characterizing structure, slot(s) or opening(s)
which preferably extend upwardly from the lower lip of the inner
shell portion, and which operate to assist distortion and, or
expansion of the inner shell portion in such a manner as to release
the overcap from the container responsive to force applied
selectively thereto.
Inventors: |
Mead; Keith C. (Midland,
MI) |
Assignee: |
The Dow Chemical Company
(Midland, MI)
|
Family
ID: |
26765359 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/185,339 |
Filed: |
September 30, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
81228 |
Oct 16, 1970 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/182;
215/201 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
83/40 (20130101); B65D 50/045 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
50/00 (20060101); B65D 83/14 (20060101); B65D
50/04 (20060101); B65d 083/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/182,498,562,402.11,153 ;215/9 ;220/60,85P,43,41 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Tollberg; Stanley H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Halldorson; Burke M.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending
application Ser. No. 81,228, filed Oct. 16, 1970 now abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A safety overcap in combination with a pressurized container,
said overcap comprising a bonnet of resiliently deformable
material, the bonnet including a top wall and a generally
cylindrical sidewall depending downwardly therefrom, a generally
cylindrical inner shell member of resiliently deformable material,
and which is attached to the underside of said top wall and extends
downwardly in generally radially spaced relationship with said
sidewall, an aperture defined in the inner shell and which is open
at the lower edge thereof, a retaining means being integral with
said inner shell and extending at least partially about the
periphery thereof adjacent said lower edge, said retaining means
detachably fastening the overcap to the container, means between
said sidewall and inner shell to transmit force generally radially
inwardly from the sidewall to the inner shell, the ease of removal
of the overcap from the container being dependent on the area hand
pressure is applied to said sidewall and thus the force that is
transferred from said area to the inner shell, and ultimately the
response of said aperture to said transferred force, and means to
indicate to the user the select area to apply such hand pressure in
order to detach the overcap with acceptable ease.
2. The combination of claim 1 wherein said force transmitting means
comprises a web means connecting said inner shell to said
sidewall.
3. The combination of claim 1 wherein the inner shell includes at
least two such apertures.
4. The overcap of claim 1 wherein said combination is of one-piece
molded plastic construction.
5. The overcap of claim 4 wherein said aperture comprises a cut-out
type opening which terminates short of the uppermost extent of said
inner shell.
6. The combination of claim 5 wherein said retaining means is
substantially continuous adjacent the lower lip of said inner shell
except for being interrupted by said aperture.
7. The combination of claim 2 wherein said web means and aperture
are cooperatively positioned to define opposed areas on the bonnet
which when pressed inwardly contract said aperture to assist in
retaining the overcap on the container respnsive to force applied
improperly thereto.
8. The combination of claim 7 wherein said web means and aperture
are cooperatively positioned to define opposed zones on the bonnet
which when pressed inwardly expand said aperture to assist in
releasing the overcap from the container responsive to force
applied properly thereto.
9. The combination of claim 1 wherein said container is of the
general type including a hollow cylindrical body portion, a
cylindrical chime disposed in a position raised above the uppermost
edge of said body portion, and being generally coaxial with and of
less diameter than the body portion, a product dispensing means
extending upwardly from adjacent the central part of said chime,
said inner shell containing the said dispensing means and extending
downward generally snuggly and peripherally about said chime, said
retaining means extending inwardly and being locked together with
the underside of said chime.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Pressurized containers such as aerosol cans are frequently carriers
of various insecticides, fungicides, disinfectants and the like
which may be injurious or fatal if swallowed or sprayed in the
hands or face. Dispensing containers of this variety are typically
controlled at the top by a finger operated spray valve customarily
operable by depressing. Understandably, the imitative urge in small
children particularly toddlers, and the illiteracy of the child
combine to create a potentially hazardous situation around the
household where such containers are stored.
Therefore, a wide variety of child protective nozzle locking
devices, protective overcaps, and the like have heretofore been
proposed for use on aerosol containers. Objectionably a number of
such devices are operable or relased by a not to difficult twisting
or turning motion, and thus require only a degree of motor control
ordinarily mastered by children at an early age.
Yet other varieties of current child protective devices employ tear
strip release means, or are otherwise initially releaseable, for
example, through leverage applied such as by inserting a coin or
screwdriver in slot means. Such a device can provide an initially
tamperproof child protective feature, but once operated or
released, frequently does not serve to provide continuing
protection for the child.
Still other prior art child protective devices, while providing
varying degrees of child resistance, go unused or have only limited
use because of complicated constructions requiring, for example, a
plurality or assembled or cooperative parts. The cost of such
devices can be economically unpractical both in the area of
attaching the device to the container, and the manufacturing cost
of the device. Furthermore, substantial modifications and
rebuilding of present day capping equipment or lines to accomodate
a particular such overcap, can retard or altogether restrict its
immediate and oftentimes even future use in the industry.
Accordingly, it is among the objects of the present invention to
provide the following:
An improved child protective overcap for use particularly with
pressurized containers such as aerosol cans, and which is
conveniently removable or releaseable by one familiar with its
operation, or by one following instructions printed on the overcap,
but which effectively resists removal by small children,
particularly in the toddler age group;
Such an overcap which can be combined with presently manufactured
aerosol can designs, and additionally which can be combined
therewith with minimal, if any, modifications required of the
capping equipment employed in applying the overcap to the aerosol
can.
A protective overcap generally of the type above-indicated and
which is of one piece construction so that it is relatively low
cost and simple to manufacture on a mass production basis;
Such an overcap that can be repeatedly operated by an adult and
each time that it is refastened to an aerosol container or the
like, attaches in such a manner that it maintains a substantially
full measure of resistance to removal by small children; and
A protective overcap whose mode of operation is not apparent from
exteriorly viewing the same, and which requires coordinated and
knowledgeable manipulation to effect its release from the
container.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly then, the present invention contemplates an improved safety
overcap particularly for use on pressurized containers of a type
including a finger operated spray valve. The overcap basically
comprises an hollow inner shell or member detachably fastenable
over said spray nozzle, and an outer shell or bonnet member such as
of inverted cup shape, and which is disposed surroundingly about
the inner shell. The overcap is released from the container
responsive to force applied selectively to the bonnet, and which
distorts or deforms the inner shell in such a manner as to effect
such release. The release force is preferrably translated from the
bonnet to the inner shell such as by use of radially aligned webs
or struts which connect therebetween at strategically defined
regions. Alternately or together with such force translating means,
the invention contemplates the use of slot(s) or opening(s) which
extend upwardly from the lower lip of the inner shell. The
opening(s) distort or "spread" responsive to forces applied to the
bonnet thereby assisting to release the overcap from the container.
However, if the release force is applied in a non-prescribed
manner, the openings, assisted by the force translating means,
contract or narrow thereby tightening the overcap on the container.
As will be described further hereinafter, actually a " technique"
of several cooperative steps are oftentimes needed to release or
remove overcaps constructed according to the principles of this
invention, thus rendering such overcaps remarably effective against
removal by small children, especially in the toddler age group.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the
accompanying drawings wherein wheresoever possible, like reference
numerals designate corresponding materials and parts throughout the
several views thereof in which:
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view with parts broken away,
illustrating the improved child protective overcap of the present
invention as affixed over the spray valve of a typical aerosol
container of a design heretofore known;
FIG. 2 is a view like FIG. 1, only showing the improved overcap
separately and turned 90.degree. clockwise from its orientation
shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the overcap and aerosol
container construction of FIG. 1 as taken along reference line 3--3
thereof;
FIG. 4 is of view like FIG. 3 only showing the overcap in the
release position;
FIG. 5 is a view like FIG. 2, but shows a modified form of the
present invention;
FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the improved protective overcap shown in
FIG. 5;
FIGS. 7 and 8 are views generally like FIGS. 2 and 3, respectively,
only showing another modified form of the invention;
FIGS. 9 and 10 are views like FIGS. 5 and 6, respectively, showing
still yet another modified form of the invention;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged partial view showing still another modified
form of the improved overcap constructions of the present
invention, and specifically a modification in the region thereof
where the outer shell or wall of the overcap engages a peripheral
rim-like area of a type typically included in current aerosol
container designs;
FIG. 12 is yet another view like FIG. 3, only showing still another
modified form of the present invention wherein slot(s) or
opening(s) are formed in the inner shell of the overcap to effect
the overall release characteristics; and
FIG. 13 is a bottom view of the overcap shown in FIG. 12.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now more particularly to the drawings, there is shown in
FIG. 1, a typical example of an aerosol spray can or container 10
to which the protective overcap 12 of the present invention is
applicable.
Spray can 10 normally includes, for example, a hollow cylindrical
body portion 14, usually fabricated of metal, and enclosed at one
end such as by a domed end cover member 16. Cover member 16 is
normally attached to body portion 14 by crimping, soldering,
welding or the like as denoted schematically at beaded region 18,
and customarily just inwardly of region 18, there is defined a
circumferentially continuous groove or recessed area 20. A finger
operated spray nozzle assembly 22 is affixed to the upper extent of
cover member 16, and together therewith defines a rim or chime 24,
and immediately beneath rim 24, a circumferentially continuous
undercut ledge portion 26. Nozzle assembly 22 is operated by
depressing downwardly on or otherwise actuating a valve bonnet 28,
the top portion 30 of which is preferably slanted or inclined in a
direction backwardly from the spray aperature 32. This gives nozzle
assembly 22 an inherent directionality in issuing the spray in that
when depressing bonnet 28, the forefinger is automatically aligned
with the direction of spray.
Now refining more specifically to the structure of overcap 12, the
same can include a hollow inner shell or member 36, and an outer
shell or bonnet 38 disposed in preferably coaxially surrounding
relationship about the inner shell 36. The bonnet can be of
generally inverted cup shape, including, for example, a preferably
flat top wall portion 40 of which inner shell 36 is attached (see
additionally FIGS. 2 and 3).
Inner shell 36 fits about spray nozzle assembly 22, and is provided
with a pair of oppositely arranged lugs or protruding detent or
retaining means 42 and 44 disposed in the horizontal plane, and
which extend generally radially inwardly toward each other adjacent
the lowermost extremity or lip 46 of the inner shell 36. Retaining
means 42 and 44 are adapted to snap over rim 24 of nozzle assembly
22, and lock together with undercut ledge portion 26, thereby
securely fastening the overcap to aerosol container 10. Bonnet 38,
in turn, extends downwardly past the lower extremity of the inner
shell member and circumferentially engages peripheral groove 20
defined in the lower region of domed cover member 16.
Additionally, overcap 12 includes opposed connecting struts or web
means 48 and 50 disposed at regions intermediate retaining means 42
and 44 in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions,
respectively, and which stiffly or substantially rigidly affix the
inner shell 36 to bonnet 38. The web means can be vertically and
substantially radially aligned with each other, and can extend in
height from a region adjacent the lower extremity of the inner
shell 36 toward top wall portion 40, and merge with the latter, if
desired.
Referring now to FIG. 4, to operate or detach overcap 12 from
aerosol container 10, pressure must be applied to the sides of the
overcap at opposite strategic pressure zones 52 and 54,
respectively. Force deformation of bonnet 38 at zones 52 and 54 is
thus translated through web means 48 and 50, and correspondingly
deforms inner shell 36 to a generally oval configuration, thereby
moving retaining means 42 and 44 further apart, and disengaging the
same from undercut ledge portion 26. By moving cap 12 to its
deformed condition and then lifting upwardly at the proper moment,
the overcap is thus conveniently removed from container 10 by one
familiar or instructed in the usage of the overcap.
Pressure outside strategic zones 52 and 54, however, ineffectively
distorts inner shell 36, thereby failing to disengage retaining
means 42 and 44. Additionally, as indicated, the user must
coordinate upward movement with critically applied deformation
pressure to release the overcap. The coordination and timing
required, coupled with optimum size of the overcap due to its
increased largeness by the provision of bonnet 38, thus presents a
formidable obstacle for removal of overcap 12, such as by the small
hand of a child.
Further, it may be appreciated that overcap 12 is readily
customized by selection of shell 36 and bonnet 38 wall thickness so
that the degree of deformation pressure required can be increased
to provide even further safety for contents of an extremely toxic
nature, for example. A like effect can be achieved or assisted by
terminating web means 48 and 50 at increasingly spaced distances Y
(see FIG. 2) from the lower extremity 46 of inner shell 36; or by
decreasing the height "h" of the inner shell, where by a
proportionately greater deformation force is required to move
retaining means 42 and 44 to the release position.
Referring now to FIGS. 5 and 6, there is shown a modified overcap
12a designed to operate on tension force applied to its inner shell
36a, as opposed to placing the inner shell in compression as
illustrated in the previous embodiment. In this instance, the
overcap is designed with the struts or web means 48a and 50a in
alignment with retaining means 42a and 44a, the webs being
positioned approximately at the mid-region of the retaining means.
Accordingly, the strategic pressure zones are now located at
regions 52a and 54a, respectively, whereby pressure at these
regions will place inner shell 36 in tension. Accordingly, in the
tensioned state, inner shell 36a is deformed in the direction of
arrows 56 and 58, by a pulling force exerted through webs 48a and
50a, thereby pulling retaining means 42a and 44a outwardly to a
disengaging position.
Yet another modified embodiment of the invention is shown by
overcap 12b illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8. Overcap 12b includes an
oval inner shell 36b, and retaining means 42b and 44b aligned in
opposed relationship along opposite sides 60 and 62, respectively,
of the inner shell comprising the sides of minor radii thereof. The
retaining means can be modified, for example, to the extent the
same comprise local cut-outs or apertures 64 and 66. Apertures 64
and 66, for example, can be cooperable with protruding local areas
or lugs 68 and 70 or the like formed or affixed such as to rim 24b
of container 10b (see FIG. 8) or otherwise included in container
10b structure so as to be appropriately positioned to engage and
lock together with the apertures. Web means 48b and 50b are
additionally of modified design comprising V-shaped configurations
including parts 72 and 74, respectively, the outer extremities of
which are spaced further apart adjacent bonnet 38b than inner shell
36b. The pressure zones for cap 12b are at regions 52b and 54b, and
by the configuration of the web means, force is concentrated to
assist deformation of the inner shell in the direction indicated by
arrows 76 and 78. Sides 60 and 62 of inner shell 36b are thereby
moved further apart causing corresponding outward movement of
retaining means 42b and 44b, thereby releasing the cap. As may be
noted, the oval design of inner shell 36b permits maximum inward
deformation of its sides 80 and 82 of major radii, before
obstruction of the same such as by rim 24b of the container, the
permissible limits of such inward movement being denoted by
distance X and W. Accordingly, the horizontal depth of the
retaining means, or in this instance, lugs 68 and 70, can be
maximized to obtain a more secure locking effect with the
container. Also, as may be appreciated, the use of an oval inner
shell member, when used with retaining means of a type as shown in
FIG. 1, does not entail or require a redesigning of the
conventional container 10 structure illustrated in FIG. 1.
Still yet another modification of the present invention is
illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10, as embodied in overcap 12c, the same
basically comprising an oval inner shell 36c and a cylindrical
bonnet 38c. Web means 48c and 50c, are again V-shaped comprising
parts 72c and 74c, respectively, that provide a focal point
adjacent the bonnet, but are gradually tapered apart as they
approach and merge with the inner shell. The pressure zones for
operating overcap 12c are shown at 52c and 54c, whereby application
of the pressure in these zones serves to deform bonnet 38c in the
direction indicated by arrows 84 and 86, thereby placing inner
shell 36c in tension through force applied or translated through
web means 48c and 50c. Retaining means 42c and 44c, each comprising
two elements, are thereby moved further apart from each other to
obtain the desired releasing capabilities to remove the overcap
from an aerosol can or container.
Still another form of the invention is shown in FIG. 11 where the
bonnet 38d of a modified overcap 12d is formed circumferentially
outwardly a sufficient amount to rest on the top edge of beaded
region 18d, rather than in groove 20d of the container as shown in
FIG. 1. Such an embodiment can be particularly advantageously
incorporated in the overcap designs particularly of FIGS. 7 through
10 where maximum lateral deformation can be required to operate the
overcap to the release position.
Still as yet another embodiment of the present invention there is
illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13, overcap 12e which is similar in
respect to those described hereinbefore in that the same includes
preferably a cylindrical inner shell or member 36e, and an outer
shell or bonnet member 38e arranged concentrically thereabout.
Overcap 12e, however, additionally includes opposed vertical slots
90 and 92 disposed adjacent to, and which open toward the lower lip
or extent 46e of the inner shell. The amount the slots extend
upwardly, determines generally the ease with which overcap 12e can
be detached from the container, as will become more evident
hereinafter.
More particularly, the positioning of slots 90 and 92 defines what
may be referred to as areas of expansion and contraction, such
being denoted at 96 and 98, respectively. By placing areas 96 and
98 in tension circumferentially, the slots 90 and 92 tend to spread
slightly, thereby expanding the inner shell. Correspondingly, by
transmitting compression to such areas, the slots tend to close,
and accordingly contribute to a circumferential contraction of the
inner shell. As yet a third effect, outwardly directed force such
as is indicated generally by arrows 100, tends to force the edges
102 and 104 defining the slots outwardly and apart from each other.
The latter involves a somewhat different distortion of the inner
shell, but one which may be used advantageously to further
sophisticate the release characteristics desired of overcap
12e.
Referring now specifically to the manner of operation of overcap
12e, the overcap is urged to the release position by applying
pressure selectively at opposed pressure zones 52e and 54e, such
zones being located in alignment or near alignment with slots 90
and 92. Application of such force resiliently deforms bonnet 38e
such that the latter assumes a generally oval appearance.
Simultaneously, such deformation force is transferred through force
translating means or webs denoted at 106, 108, 110, and 112, and
which serve to place areas 96 and 98 in circumferential tension.
The net effect is to urge slots 90 and 92 to spread slightly. The
opposed inwardly projected retaining means 42e and 44e, located on
each side of the slots 90 and 92, are thus urged apart via such
expansion or spreading of slots 90 and 92. In other words, inner
shell 36e can be considered to consist of two equal halves 114 and
116 as defined by the position of slots 90 and 92, each including
retaining means. Application of the force selectively at said
zones, through the force translating means, tends to pullingly urge
said halves apart from each other. Consequently the retaining means
are urged apart in such a manner as to promote release or
detachment of the overcap from the container, such as the container
10 above described.
Slots 90 and 92 contribute yet another effect to the functionality
or release characteristics of overcap 12e. For example, it has been
observed that in releasing or detaching such an overcap as from
container 10, most expediently the overcap is detached by applying
pressure selectively at zones 52e and 54e, together with rotating
the overcap on the container; and additionally "cocking" one's
wrist such that a torque is applied simultaneously with the above
motions. The directionality of such torque is not necessarily
critical in that torque in either of the accurate directions
denoted generally by arrows 118 or 120, appears to contribute
significantly to the ease with which overcap 12e can be removed
from the container.
Considering specifically the example where the torque is applied in
the direction of arrow 118, together with rotation such as in the
clockwise direction, and pressure at zones 52e and 54e. It is
believed that in this instance, the retaining means associated with
one of the inner shell halves, such as half 116, will be lifted
upwardly against the underside of rim 24, while the opposite half
is simultaneously urged downwardly against the rim. The rim, in
turn, exerts a reciprocal force on each half, which forces are
generally oppositely directed and thus tend to spread slots 90 and
92. Such tendency to spread is accentuated by the pressure being
applied at the aforenoted pressure zones. The combined effect
therefore, is to expand the inner shell, thereby permitting the
retaining means or "ride" over rim 24, particularly if accompanied
by simultaneous rotation of the overcap on the container.
As mentioned, overcap 12e appears to behave similarly when torque
is applied in the direction of arrow 120, and the analysis advanced
to explain such behavior is largely the same, except that in this
instance, the rim 24 would act directly against areas 96 and 98.
One such area would thus be lifted firmly upwardly against the rim,
while the opposite area is forced downwardly in similar fashion,
with the combined effect being to expand the inner shell, and thus
ease the release of the overcap from the container.
Experience has generally borne out that the deeper the slot, the
more pronounced is its tendency to spread responsive to the
application of pressure at zones 52e and 54e. Conversely with a
relatively shallow slot the amount of spreading that can be
obtained by such selectively applied pressure is much less
appreciable. The release of overcap 12e in the latter instance is
dependant, therefore, principly on the torque that is applied to
the overcap. Thus, especially where one selects a very shallow
slot, it becomes apparent that the overcap 12e may be constructed
eliminating the webs or force translating means, and still be
operative generally in the manner contemplated herein. That is, the
overcap might be constructed as depicted in FIGS. 12 and 13, but
without the force translating means or webs 106, 108, 110 and 112.
Such an overcap without the indicated webs, would still be child
proof in the sense that the application of the torque, together
with simultaneous rotation, would consist of difficult manipulative
steps, especially for children in the toddler age group. Moreover,
in such an overcap, the depth of the slot or slots can be tailored
such that the degree of torque required to detach the overcap, can
be extended beyond the capability of most children, especially
children under the age of, for example, five years.
Even so, the force translating means or webs furnish yet another
operational characteristic such that their use is highly desirable
to maximize the overall performance of overcap 12e, even though the
slot or slots therein may be relatively shallow. This is the
important ability to locally contract the inner shell as
aforementioned in areas 96 and 98, responsive to force that is
applied to bonnet means 38e at regions outside the selective
pressure zones 52e and 54e.
For example, considering the instances where force is applied
90.degree. offset from the pressure zone 52e and 54e as denoted in
FIG. 13 by applying pressure at points 122 and 124, it can be
observed from the drawing that the force translated from the bonnet
and through the forced translating means, places the inner shell in
compression in the region of areas 96 and 98. This, in turn, tends
to narrow or close the slots such that the inner shell becomes even
more firmly and tightly clamped against the container. The overcap
is thus "sensitive" to the location at which it is gripped in
removing the same from the container in that improperly applied
pressure at the indicated points 122 and 124, serves only to more
tightly grip the overcap against the container. Accordingly and
without the release pressure being selectively applied, the slots
are not able to spread, but on the contrary tend to close or
contract the inner shell such that the overcap can be made
virtually impossible to remove save for stripping or "wiping off"
the retaining means as against rim 24.
Referring again briefly to the condition where the slots are
relatively deep, as opposed to being shallow or relatively more
shallow, the application of force selectively at zones 52e and 54e
can cause appreciable expansion or spreading of the slots, such
that this effect alone may be used to detach the overcap from the
container. Such pressure may involve an inherent lifting effect in
that by deforming the bonnet 38e inwardly, the lower edge 126 of
the same tend to ride-up or advance upwardly such as on the dome
member 16 of container 10, for example, and with the result that
the overcap tends to "pop-off" the container when operated in this
fashion. Regardless of the above alternate method of operating
overcap 12e, however, the printed instructions pertaining thereto,
preferably would include a notation to apply torque, together with
pressure at the indicated zone, and while simultaneously rotating
the overcap in the manner as explained. Such instructions would be
preferable because it appears as a general principle that
regardless of the depth of the slot, the use of torque eases the
force required to remove overcap 12e, such as by an instructed
adult, but at the same time provides a more substantial obstacle to
the removal of the overcap by a child since an additional
manipulative step is required. Further, it appears inherently more
pressure is usually required to remove overcap 12e unless torque is
applied, so that the child would still find it very difficult to
remove the overcap without simultaneously applying all three of the
above-mentioned manipulative steps, even though the child may
happen accidently onto one or two of such steps.
Thus as may be appreciated, actually a "technique" is involved in
operating such overcaps as are disclosed herein which can involve
not only the application of forces strategically thereto, but a
select combination of such forces that provides a formidable
barrier to removal of the overcap by small children.
Referring now, to certain other aspects of the invention as relates
most particularly to the embodiment thereof as shown in FIGS. 12
and 13 the retaining means 42e and 44e preferrably extend
continuously, each approximately half-way about the circumference
of inner shell 36e, except for the interruptions as provided by
slots 90 and 92, respectively. In other words, the retaining means
as viewed together, most desirably provide a substantially
peripherally continuous, inwardly projected ledge adjacent the
lower lip 46e of the inner shell. Particularly it is desired that
the opposite ends of such retaining means be coextensive with or at
least very near edges 102 and 104 defining slots 90 and 92. Even so
it is readily apparent from the disclosure herein, that the
retaining means might be varied from that shown in FIGS. 12 and 13,
so long as the same retain the overlap on the container
sufficiently tight to discourage removal of the ocercap such as by
a small child, and yet are cooperative with respect to the slots so
that the distortion effect as obtained by the presence of the
latter, makes it possible for the overcap to be removeable by an
adult within resonably applied force perimeters.
The shape of the slot or opening as is employed, in the structure
of the inner shell, may be varied considerably from that shown in
the drawing, as for example, a V-shaped slot or opening might be
used; or as further example, a "slit" as opposed to a "cut-out"
type opening can be substituted for slots 90 and 92. Generally any
type opening that would permit distortion of the inner shell in the
manner practiced by the present invention could be so substituted.
Additionally, the number of such slots or openings can be varied
from a plurality to a single opening, a suitable embodiment of the
latter being as shown generally in FIGS. 12 and 13, except for the
provision of deleting one of the two slots shown therein. As a
still further example, another of the possible embodiments
utilizing a single slot might include, for example, modified webs,
such as a pair of webs (not shown) located opposite each other and
90 degrees out of phase with the slot.
Moreover, the position of the slot or slots if a plurality of the
same are used, can be varied, and when employed with force
translating means or webs, can be placed in any arrangement with
respect thereto provided preferably, at least areas of contraction
are represented through the particular placement of the force
translating means with respect to such slot(s). Most preferably the
position of such force translating means is further determined so
as to define said areas of expansion which operate responsive to
applying pressure selectively to the inner shell.
As additional consideration, where a plurality of such slots are
used as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the same need not be of the same
height "a" but can be varied. For example, one slot could be
relatively deep while the other is more shallow. By varying the
height of the slots, using a plurality of slots of different
heights, as well as adjusting other variables such as the depth of
the retaining means, almost an inexhaustible variety of
possibilities exist as to customizing the force required to release
overcap 12e.
EXAMPLE
Generally identical one-piece overcaps 12e are constructed
according to the embodiment of FIGS. 12 and 13 using polypropylene
(i.e., "PP") and polyethylene (i.e. "PE") material to mold such
overcaps. The depth of the undercut of the retaining means as
denoted at "d" in FIG. 12, approximately 0.025 inch. The slots 90
and 92 which are alike in each overcap, are varied over the range
of 5/16 to 9/16 inch in height "a." The height of the inner shell
is a constant of approximately 1 and 1/8 inch. The principle
testing is done with adult women, except for the polypropylene
overcap of 9/16 inch slot depth which is tested using children
between about 42 and 52 months of age. The adult test participants
were given 30 seconds to get the overcap off in both demonstrations
and non-demonstration situations. The children, however, were
allowed 5 minutes to remove the overcap, approximately the first
minute and one-half of which was used up without demonstration, and
approximately the last 3 1/2 minutes of which included both verbal
and visual demonstrations of how to operate the overcap.
i. Percentage able to remove overcap without a demonstration
Women Children 5/16 6/16 7/16 7/16 8/16 9/16 9/16 PP PP PE PP PP PP
PP 42 32 64 61 93 97.8 34.8
ii. Total percentage able to remove overcap with (or without) a
demonstration
Women Children 5/16 6/16 7/16 7/16 8/16 9/16 9/16 PP PP PE PP PP PP
PP 63 48 95 75 100 97.8 60.9
the tests show that for the 9/16 inch slot, polypropylene overcap,
approximately 65 percent of the children were unable to get the
caps off without a demonstration. Even after a verbal and visual
demonstration, about 40 percent of the children were still unable
to remove the overcap.
For this same overcap, approximately 98 percent of the adult woemn
were able to remove the overcap from the can both in demonstration
and non-demonstration situations, allowing only 30 seconds for this
task.
In construing the test data above, of course, certainly allowances
must be made in the area of the group tested. For example,
different groups would most likely test out differently as to the
percentages shown above. However such data does show, as a general
trend, that overcaps constructed according to the teaching herein
are effective deterrents as concerns a substantial block of the
children tested. Moreover such data further demonstrates generally
that the release characteristics of the overcap can be varied both
finely and between wide ranges to optimize the effectiveness of the
overcap, even though such data represents only a small portion of
the numerous variables that can be blended and designed into the
overcap to achieve specific desired release properties.
Referring now to some of the generalities of the invention,
plastics having a desired balance between stiffness and resilience,
and which can be used to construct the overcaps of the present
invention, typically would include the aforementioned polypropylene
and polyethylene resins, together with polystyrene, preferably high
impact polystyrene, although general purpose polystyrene can be
used if formulated to avoid cracking or splintering when the
overcap is deformed to the release position. The material as is
used of course, must have sufficient deformation and recovery
properties (resilience) so that the overcap can be repeatedly
attached to and released from an aerosol can or like container.
Also it may be noted that in constructing the overcap, desirable
practice would oftentimes call for tapering the wall thickness of
the inner and outer shells from a relatively thick or thicker base
adjacent the top portion thereof, to a narrower thickness adjacent
the lower extent or edge of the overcap.
While certain representative embodiments and details have been
shown for the purpose of illustrating the invention, it will be
apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and
modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit
and scope of the invention.
* * * * *