U.S. patent number 3,802,544 [Application Number 05/248,682] was granted by the patent office on 1974-04-09 for high speed dot matrix printer.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Centronics Data Computer Corp.. Invention is credited to Robert Howard, Prentice I. Robinson.
United States Patent |
3,802,544 |
Howard , et al. |
April 9, 1974 |
HIGH SPEED DOT MATRIX PRINTER
Abstract
An elongated paper document is advanced preferably at a constant
rate although incremental advancement may be employed if desired. A
plurality of reciprocating solenoid assemblies are mounted in
stationary fashion in a closely spaced arrangement and are each
provided with reciprocating print wires for impacting an inked
ribbon against a paper document. The free ends of the print wires
which impact the inked ribbon are slidably mounted within suitable
bearings provided within an elongated movable plate with the
bearings arranged to align the free ends of the print wires along
an imaginary straight line. Means are provided for moving the
movable plate substantially in a horizontal direction transverse to
the movement of the paper document so as to selectively print a row
of dots. The movable member may be guided along a slight incline to
compensate for constant paper movement during a printing operation.
After completion of the first row, the movable member is reset to
the start position which together with the advancement of the paper
document places the printer in readiness for selective printing of
the next row of dots. Seven rows of dots with a five column width
each define alphanumeric characters. Alternatively, the printer may
be employed for curve or graph plotting. High speed operation is
obtained through the movement of print wires having extremely low
mass as compared with conventional printers.
Inventors: |
Howard; Robert (Roslyn, NY),
Robinson; Prentice I. (Hudson, NH) |
Assignee: |
Centronics Data Computer Corp.
(Hudson, NH)
|
Family
ID: |
22940214 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/248,682 |
Filed: |
April 28, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
101/93.05;
358/1.8 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
25/006 (20130101); B41J 2/245 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
2/235 (20060101); B41J 2/245 (20060101); B41J
25/00 (20060101); B41j 003/50 () |
Field of
Search: |
;197/1R ;101/93C
;178/34 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Pulfrey; Robert E.
Assistant Examiner: Rader; R. T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Ostrolenk, Faber, Gerb &
Soffen
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive privilege or
property is claimed are defined as follows:
1. An impact printer for forming dot patterns upon a movable
document comprising:
a deflection assembly movable over a small distance in a direction
transverse to the direction of movement of said paper document
positioned adjacent said document;
a plurality of impact means each mounted in a stationary fashion
adjacent said deflection assembly so as to experience no movement
during printing;
each of said impact means including a reciprocating print wire and
means for driving said wire against said document at high
speed;
the free ends of said wires adapted to impact said document being
arranged at closely spaced intervals within openings provided in
said deflection assembly, said openings being arranged along an
imaginary line substantially in alignment with the direction of
movement of said deflection assembly;
means for selectively energizing said impact means during movement
of said deflection assembly in the printing direction, whereby the
distance travelled by said deflection assembly and hence the free
ends of the print wires in printing one line of dots is 1/Nth the
total length and is of the order of the width of one character of
said line where N represents the number of impact means;
register means having N storage stages for storing N binary signals
representative of the N dots to be printed in the next row of
dots;
buffer storage means having a plurality P of stages, each stage
being associated with one of said driving means;
means for transferring a group of P binary signals stored in
selected stages of said first storage means to said buffer storage
means wherein the binary signals are transferred from P positions
in said first storage means, said positions being at intervals in
said first storage means which are N/P apart in said first storage
means;
means coupled to said buffer storage means for selectively
energizing said impact means at each dot position in a line of dots
across said document during movement of said deflection assembly in
the printing direction, whereby the distance traveled by said
deflection assembly in printing one line of dots is 1/Pth the
length of said line where P represents the number of impact
means.
2. The printer of claim 1 wherein the free ends of said print wires
are arranged at equally spaced intervals whereby each print wire is
adapted for printing 1/Nth of the total number of dots per row.
3. The printer of claim 1 further comprising means for continuously
moving said document;
means for moving said deflection assembly;
means for guiding said deflection assembly to move along an angle
of inclination adapted to cause each row of dots to lie along a
straight line even though the paper document is moving during the
printing of each row of dots.
4. The printer of claim 1 further comprising means coupled to said
first storage means for generating a plurality of character signal
groups, each of said groups comprising a plurality of rows of
signals collectively representing a character;
means coupled to said character generating means for sequentially
coupling row signals to associated ones of said impact means for
printing a plurality of characters.
5. The printer of claim 1 further comprising means coupled to said
moving means for driving said carriage assembly.
6. Means for controlling the print assembly of a dot matrix impact
printer wherein an M row by N column matrix of dots represents each
character of symbol comprising a movable member movable a distance
of the order of the width of one character and a plurality of
fixedly mounted solenoids positioned adjacent said movable member
and arranged to experience no movement in the direction of movement
of said movable member:
a paper document and means for moving said paper document
simultaneously with the movement of said movable member; each of
said solenoids including print wires having their free ends mounted
within an associated opening provided in said movable member;
said control means comprising:
register means having a plurality of stages for storing the binary
coded representation of characters to be printed on one line of
said paper document;
means for shifting said characters out of said storage means;
said register means including means for recirculating characters
shifted out of said output stage back into the input stage upon the
occurrence of a shift pulse;
first means for counting the number of shift pulses applied to said
register to identify the character in the output stage of said
register;
second means for identifying the column of dots being printed by
said print assembly;
third means for identifying the character being printed by each
solenoid;
fourth means for identifying the row of the characters being
printed;
means coupled to said second means for determining the column being
printed;
character generator means coupled to the output stage of said
register and the column determining means for providing an output
representing the dots of the Nth column of the character presently
stored in the output stage;
means coupled to said character generator means and said fourth
means for selecting only one of the row position dots determined by
said fourth means;
buffer storage means having a plurality of storage positioned equal
in number to the number of solenoids being coupled to said dot
selection means and said first means for storing the output of dot
selection means in the storage position associated with the
solenoid which is assigned to print the dot being stored;
registration means sensing the movement of said movable member for
generating pulses controlling the time at which said solenoids are
simultaneously operated;
each of said solenoids being coupled to an associated one of the
storage positions of said buffer storage means;
said buffer storage means being enabled by said registration means
to selectively operate said plurality of solenoids after said
buffer storage means is loaded.
7. The device of claim 6 further comprising means for generating a
code identifying the last character to be loaded into said
register;
means responsive to said first counting means and said code
generating means for filling the remainder of said register means
with blank character data until said register positions are
completely filled.
8. The device of claim 6 further comprising means coupled to said
second means for causing a shift of N.sub.c /S.sub.n characters in
said register when the dots in the first row of the first group of
characters has been printed where N.sub.c = the total number of
characters in a line of characters and S.sub.n = the number of
solenoids.
9. The device of claim 6 wherein T = maximum number of characters
per line;
S.sub.n = number of solenoids and the number stages in said buffer
register;
said first counting means being capable of counting to a capacity
of T;
said second counting means being capable of counting to a capacity
of T(N+1); and
said third counting means being capable of counting to a capacity
of T(N+1) .times. T/S.sub.n.
Description
The present invention relates to printers and more particularly to
high speed printers of the dot matrix type which are adapted to
provide extremely high speed printing while providing extremely low
mass for the moving parts to provide printing speeds not heretofore
possible through conventional designs.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Dot matrix printers are well known in the art and are typically
comprised of a matrix of print wires (conventionally arranged in an
ordered matrix of seven rows and five columns having 35 print wires
in all) in which the print wires are selectively packed against an
inked ribbon which, in turn, is driven against the paper document
to form any desired characters. The print wires are then physically
shifted or moved, in unison, in a direction transverse to the
movement of the paper document so as to move the print wires to the
next print position. Upon completion of a single line of characters
or symbols, the print wire bundle making up the five by seven
matrix is rapidly shifted back to the starting position, the
document is advanced and the next line of characters is printed in
a similar fashion.
In order to reduce the amount of mass required to be moved at high
speed during the printing operation, an improved version of the
aforementioned technique has been developed and is set forth in
detail in copending applications Ser. No. 35,405, filed May 7, 1970
now U.S. Pat. No. 3,703,949, issued Nov. 28, 1972 and Ser. No.
179,457, filed Sept. 10, 1971, assigned to the assignee of the
present invention, wherein the five by seven matrix of print wires
is replaced by a set of substantially vertically aligned print
wires which are advanced in stepwise fashion five times per
character to form substantially the same five by seven dot matrix
as that described hereinabove. The print wires are incrementally
advanced one additional step to provide the appropriate spacing
between adjacent characters. The print wire assembly is advanced in
this manner to complete a line of characters after which the print
wire assembly is rapidly stepped in the reverse direction to return
to the start position; the paper document is advanced and the next
line of characters is printed in a similar fashion. This
arrangement, however, requires the acceleration, movement and
deceleration of the print wires at a very high repetitive rate and
over a substantial distance (usually 8-12 inches) thereby severely
limiting the printing speed and increasing down-time due to the
wearing of the moving components. Also, the distance traveled by
the print head for one line of characters is double the width of
the line of print.
Still another technique which has been developed to further enhance
the printing speed of the dot matrix printers is described in U.S.
Appliction Ser. No. 204,024, filed Dec. 2, 1971 abandoned in favor
of U.S. application Ser. No. 345,000, filed Mar. 26, 1973 and
assigned to the assignee of the present application. In an effort
to further reduce the amount of movement experienced by the print
wire assembly, the print wires and their actuating solenoids are
mounted upon a movable mounting assembly with the free ends of the
reciprocating print wires being arranged substantially along an
imaginary straight line. In one preferred embodiment, wherein it is
desired to provide 80 characters per line, and in accordance with a
five by seven matrix, the print wires selectively print a first row
of dots with each print wire printing the first row of ten
characters per line. Thus, the movable assembly is reduced to
experiencing a movement which is effectively 1/8 the distance of
the entire length of a line of characters. In the case where the
paper document is continuously advanced, the mounting assembly
moves along a slight incline so as to compensate for constant paper
movement while at the same time providing a horizontal dot row.
Thus, the mounting assembly undergoes movement which is effectively
one-tenth of a line of characters in the print position and
one-tenth in the return position providing mechanical movement
which is equal to one-fifth of the length of a line of characters
whereas in the printers described hereinabove in U.S. Pat. No.
3,703,949 and U.S. application Ser. No. 179,457 the print wire
assemblies undergo movement which is double the length of a line of
characters. It can thus be seen that the print wire assembly of
application Ser. No. 345,000 reduces the amount of physical
movement of the parts by one-tenth that experienced in the printers
of U.S. Pat. No. 3,703,949 and application Ser. No. 179,457.
Whereas all of the above techniques have led to significant
increases in printing speeds and reduction in the amount of moving
parts, it is still nevertheless desirable to provide printers
capable of even higher operating speed while at the same time
significantly reducing the mass of the moving parts thereby
requiring techniques which constitute a significant departure in
design and operating concepts.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is characterized by providing a high speed
impact printer of the dot matrix type in which the print wires
undergo significantly reduced linear movement transverse to their
longitudinal axes relative to present day techniques and in which
the need for physically moving the actuating solenoids is
completely eliminated so as to achieve print speeds not heretofore
possible.
The present invention is comprised of a printing machine frame
having mounted thereon in stationary fashion a plurality of print
wire actuating solenoids. In one preferred embodiment, wherein it
is desired to print 132 characters per line, 132 print wire
actuating solenoids are mounted in a stationary fashion upon the
printer machine frame.
The printer machine frame is further provided with means for
mounting a document advancing apparatus which may either be a
rotatable platen or a tractor advancing assembly for advancing the
paper document in either continuous or incremental fashion. The
solenoids are mounted in front of the platen assembly and are each
provided with a slender print wire mechanically coupled to a
solenoid armature for actuation thereof. The free ends of the print
wires are all positioned in close proximity to the surface of the
paper document to be impacted. An inked ribbon spanning the space
between a take-up and feed reel is positioned to span the paper
document and to be impacted by the print wires to effect the
printing of dot rows.
An elongated movable deflection plate is positioned adjacent the
free ends of the print wires and is provided with a plurality of
openings preferably aligned along an imaginary straight line.
Suitable bearings are provided within each of the openings and they
are each adapted to receive the free end of an associated print
wire to maintain the free ends thereof in alignment along the
aforesaid imaginary straight line while enabling the print wires to
experience reciprocating movement. In the case where the paper
document is advanced in a continuous manner, the deflection plate
is preferably guided along a slight incline to compensate for paper
movement and thereby assure printing of a dot row along an
imaginary straight and preferably horizontal line. This arrangement
may be eliminated in instances where the paper document is advanced
in incremental fashion.
Printing is performed by moving the deflection member to the start
position which is typically the left-hand end of the paper
document. The deflection plate is moved at a substantially constant
rate while the print actuating solenoids are activated to cause the
free ends of the print wires to impact the inked ribbon against the
paper document. In a preferred embodiment, the deflection plate
deflects the print wire over a distance equal to five adjacent dots
(i.e. one character) which is a distance of the order of
one-twelfth of an inch. Since only the forward ends of the print
wires undergo deflection, the amount of mass which is moved during
the printing of any row is reduced to an absolute minimum.
The printer electronics is comprised of input means for receiving
data in either serial or parallel fashion and feeding the data in
parallel fashion into a multistage shift register capable of
storing a multiplicity of binary words each representing a
particular character or symbol.
Once the register, which is capable of storing coded
representations of a full line of characters, is fully loaded, or
is loaded to the desired amount (i.e., to respectively print a full
line or less than a full line) the contents of each stage of the
register (containing the binary bits representing a character or
symbol) are applied to conversion means for each character which
may, for example, be a character generator adapted to provide
output signals in binary form at selected ones of its plurality of
output terminals which represent the first dot row of the line of
characters to be printed. These signals are, in turn, employed to
selectively trigger the operation of the print wire actuating
solenoids to cause "dots" at spaced intervals along the first dot
row to be printed. The deflection member then moves a very small
distance (of the order of 1/60 of an inch) to the right to cause
selective printing of the next dot position within the first dot
row. A counter is employed for "remembering" the position of the
deflection plate at any given instant. The state of the counter
controls that dot position of the first dot row which is outputted
to the associated solenoid for controling the solenoid to print the
proper dot at each position within the row.
The stepping operation continues, in the preferred embodiment, over
a distance equal to five adjacent dot positions until all the dots
along the first dot row have been printed. The deflection assembly
is then returned to the start position and movement of the paper
document at that time automatically maintains the appropriate dot
spacing between the first and second dot rows. The second and
remaining dot rows of the five by seven matrices are formed in a
similar fashion.
Upon completion of the seventh dot row, the document feed device is
caused to operate to separate the completed line of characters from
the next line of characters to be printed. During this stepping
operation, the binary code groups of the next line of characters
are shifed into the register and as soon as the register is loaded
(either completely or to the extent desired) the operation is
continued for the next line of characters in a similar fashion.
Perfect registration of the dot patterns in each dot row are
assured through the use of a registration means which enables
actuation of each solenoid only at the precise position of printing
and which further serves as the means for advancing the counter
which "remembers" the position of the deflection means at any given
instant.
The same technique as has been described hereinabove may be
employed for curve or graph plotting with only slight modifications
being required in the printer electronics, as will be more fully
described.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore one object of the present invention to provide a
novel high speed impact printer of the dot matrix type in which
printing of characters is undertaken in a partially serial and
partially parallel fashion for each line of characters and in a
serial by line fashion to form characters and/or symbols and to
plot curves.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel high
speed impact printer in which the mass of the moving parts is
significantly reduced and further in which the amount of physical
movement undergone by the impacting members is remarkably reduced
as compared with present day techniques.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novel
high speed impact printer of the dot matrix type incorporating a
print wire assembly in which the print wire actuating solenoids are
mounted in stationary fashion and in which the print wires are all
simultaneously deflected toward each print position.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The above as well as other objects of the present invention will
become apparent when reading the accompanying description and
drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a dot matrix impact printer
designed in accordance with the principles of the present
invention.
FIG. 1a is a perspective view showing a portion of the printer of
FIG. 1 in greater detail.
FIG. 1b is an end view showing the registration means employed in
the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 1a.
FIG. 2 is a drawing useful in explaining solenoid carriage and
paper movement.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the electronics employed in the
printer of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 shows the manner in which characters are generated by the
printer of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The printer of the present invention is an impact printer which,
when printing characters utilizes a five by seven dot matrix to
produce each character when in the printing mode or, alternatively,
utilizing any of a plurality of the print wires when operating in
the curve plotting mode. The unit, in one preferred embodiment,
prints an array of from 80 to 132 characters per line. The printer,
in one embodiment, is capable of printing eighty characters per
line with paper widths varying between eight and nine inches. The
device utilizes an elongated paper document moved by a platen and
generates of the order of six lines of characters to the inch in
the vertical direction, with ten characters per inch in the
horizontal direction. The printer requires no special paper and can
produce an original plus seven copies with the seventh copy being
quite legible.
PRINTING METHOD
The printing of characters is accomplished by moving the paper
document (in the preferred embodiment) in a substantially constant
speed upon the platen by mechanical movement. The top row of dots
(i.e. the first dot row) of all characters are formed in the
following manner:
The printer in the embodiment capable of printing eighty characters
per line, is provided with eighty solenoids mounted in tightly
spaced fashion. In the case where each line comprises eighty
characters, the solenoid print wires are mounted within the movable
deflection member and are spaced at approximately one-tenth inch
intervals. With each character comprised of five dot positions
(i.e. five dot columns per character) the solenoids are actuated
the maximum of six times per dot row and the movable deflection
member is stepped a distance of the order of one-tenth inch at a
substantially constant rate to complete each dot row of a line of
characters. The mounting assembly is then returned to the start
(i.e., left-hand-most) position in readiness to print the next dot
row of the line of characters. Seven rows of dots are printed to
form a line of (up to 132) characters, each character being defined
by an associated five by seven matrix pattern, the sixth dot
position providing the spacing between adjacent characters.
Each individual solenoid forms a single character in a fashion
which is most analogous to the manner in which an electron beam
scans the face of a cathode ray tube (i.e., in the line-by-line
fashion employed, for example, in television receivers).
Accurate spacing of the dots in each row, and hence the time of
printing, is initiated by the strobe pulse derived from an optical
pick-up head which cooperates with a stationary slotted Mylar strip
having a slot provided for each dot position along the horizontal
row of dots. A slit spacing of one dot size between characters is
provided.
The printing of characters is accomplished by the print wires which
are solenoid driven to move the print wires against the inked
ribbon to produce dots on the original copy. The actuation of the
solenoids occurs only during the generation of the strobe pulse
derived from the optical pick-up head. This pulse has the duration
of the order of 450 microseconds with a relaxed time (return time)
of 550 microseconds. The characters are printed such that one dot
row of each of the characters in a line of characters is printed in
a row by row fashion. Seven rows of dots are printed, thereby
forming a five by seven dot matrix for each character printed
within a line of characters. Spacing between horizontal rows of
dots is of the order of 0.015 inches and between character lines is
of the order of the spacing between five horizontal rows of
dots.
COORDINATION BETWEEN PAPER MOVEMENT AND SOLENOID MOVEMENT
The movement of the paper document, in one preferred embodiment, is
constant regardless of the fact that single line feeds or multiple
line feeds are desired. Single motor means is employed as a source
for all of the motive power necessary in the printer such as, for
example, for moving the platen or paper drive and for moving the
movable deflection member. Appropriate gearing or other mechanical
mechanisms are provided for coupling the output of the motor to
each of the movable means. Obviously, the inked ribbon may be
driven by the same motor source through appropriate gearing. The
deflection means is horizontally aligned and moves along a path
which is aligned at a slight incline relative to the horizontal
direction to synchronize relative vertical movement of the print
wires with vertical movement of the paper to assure printing of a
horizontally aligned straight row of dots. During the return
stroke, the relative downward movement of the solenoid mounting
assembly cooperates with the continuous upward movement of the
paper to provide accurate spacing between horizontal rows of
dots.
DOT REGISTRATION
Character registration control is provided by a character
registration control circuit whose mechanical features will be more
fully described hereinbelow and which is adapted to generate an
optical signal developed by the movement of an optical pick-up head
and cooperating light source relative to an intervening encoded
Mylar strip when the printer is printing a row of dots. The optical
signal is converted into an electrical pulse to initiate the timing
for the printing of each line as well as serving as the means for
advancing the row counter which "remembers" the dot position within
each dot row which is being printed. The completion of each row is
also remembered by a second counter means so as to provide means
for "remembering" the particular dot row being printed at any
time.
FIGS. 1 and 1a are perspective views shown in somewhat exploded
fashion to facilitate an understanding of the invention in which
the printer 10 is comprised of an elongated mounting bracket 11
secured upon the machine frame F for mounting the solenoids 12
thereto in a stationary fashion. In one preferred embodiment, the
forward ends of each of the solenoids are provided with threaded
portions 12a which threadedly engage the tapped apertures 11a
provided in mounting plate 11. Each of the solenoids is further
provided with a slender print wire 13 extending outwardly from the
forward end of each solenoid and mechanically coupled to the
solenoid armatures (not shown for purposes of simplicity) which
cooperate with the solenoid field coils (also not shown for
purposes of simplicity) to provide for reciprocating movement of
the print wires. Copending applications Ser. No. 152,598 and Ser.
No. 37,815 show typical solenoid assemblies which may be employed
to great advantage in the present invention. A detailed description
of the solenoid assemblies will be omitted herein for purposes of
simplicity, it being understood that the above-mentioned copending
applications are incorporated herein by reference thereto. For
purposes of understanding the present invention it is sufficient to
understand that the armatures and print wires are normally biased
to maintain the print wires a small but spaced distance from the
inked ribbon. Energization of the solenoid field coils cause the
armatures and hence the print wires to be moved in the direction
shown by arrow 14 so as to impact the ribbon 15 against the paper
document 16. Deenergization of the solenoid field coil causes the
armatures and hence the print wires to come under the influence of
spring members (not shown for purposes of simplicity) to return the
armatures and print wires back to the undeflected or non-print
position.
The paper document 16 which is preferably an elongated member of
indeterminate length is entrained about a platen 17 mounted to
rotate about a shaft 18 which is coupled to a single drive motor M
employed to serve as the motive source for all physical movement
within the printer.
The inked ribbon 15 is reeled between a supply and a take-up reel
19 and 20, respectively, which reels are selectively mechanically
coupled to the single motor means M for moving the ribbon 15 in the
direction shown by arrow 21. Rollers 22a-22d are spring loaded and
act to maintain the inked ribbon extending between supply and
take-up reels 19 and 20 under tension. Energization of the solenoid
field coils cause the associated print wires to be impacted against
the inked ribbon 15 which, in turn, is driven against the paper
document 16 to cause the dots to be formed. Total linear movement
of the print wires in the direction of arrow 14 is of the order of
0.015 inches. Under normal operation, the free end of each print
wire is approximately 0.006 inches from the ribbon and paper. This
close spacing may be utilized due to the fact that a great deal of
the force is absorbed by the ribbon and the paper upon impact.
The print wires extend through a first stationary mounted plate 23
provided with a plurality of jewel bearings 24 positioned within
apertures provided within plate 23 so as to provide a bearing for
each of the print wires extending therethrough which has an
extremely low coefficient of sliding friction. The jewel bearings
24 mounted within plate 23 act as a fulcrum to control the bending
or deflection of the print wires 13 in a manner to be more fully
described.
Printer 10 is further comprised of a movable deflection plate 25
having a plurality of openings provided therein for receiving jewel
bearings 26. The free ends of the print wires 13 each extend
through an associated one of the jewel bearings 26 which provide an
extremely low coefficient of sliding friction between the jewel
bearings and the print wires.
As shown best in FIG. 1a, deflection plate 25 has a pair of
elongated V-shaped grooves 25a and 25b provided on opposite sides
thereof and near the lower edge thereof. A pair of rails 27 and 28
are arranged in spaced parallel fashion and are slightly inclined
at a desired angle relative to the longitudinal axis 17a of platen
17. However, bearings 26 are aligned horizontally so as to form a
slight angle with the inclined rails 27 and 28. Deflection plate 25
is positioned to slide between rails 27 and 28. The rails 27 and 28
are each provided with V-shaped elongated grooves 27a and 28a,
respectively. A plurality of cylindrical bearings 29 are provided
within the grooves 27a and 25b in rail 27 and plate 25. Similar
bearings 20 are provided to rollingly engage groove 28a in rail 28
and groove 25a in deflection plate 25.
A shaft 31, arranged to rotate in a direction shown by arrow 32, is
coupled to the single drive motor of the printer by suitable
mechanical means not shown for purposes of simplicity so as to
drive shaft 31 in the direction shown by arrow 32. A cam member 33
is fixedly secured to shaft 31 so as to rotate therewith.
Cylindrical member 33 is provided with a shuttle cam flange 33a
fixedly secured thereto and adapted to have its peripheral portion
slidingly engage a pair of spaced downwardly extending projections
25c and 25d provided along the underside of deflection plate 25 for
the purpose of reciprocating the deflection plate in the forward
(print) direction shown by arrow 34 and subsequently in the reverse
or return direction shown by arrow 35 with the forward and return
operations occurring during one revolution of shuttle cam 33.
Dot registration is obtained by means of a slotted Mylar strip 40
fixedly secured to the machine frame by any suitable means. An
assembly 41 secured to the underside of deflection plate 25 is
provided with two downwardly extending portions 42 and 43 which
serve to mount a light sensitive pick up device 44 and a light
source 45 as shown best in FIG. 1b. The registration strip 40 is
provided with a plurality of narrow slits 40a arranged at spaced
intervals, with the spacing therebetween being exactly the same as
the spacing between adjacent dots printed within any dot row. The
preferable form of the registration strip is one in which the
entire registration strip is opaque with the narrow slits 40a being
transparent so as to permit the passage of light therethrough from
light source 45, which light is picked up by the light sensitive
device 44 to generate an output pulse which serves to permit
energization of the solenoids only when their associated print
wires are in registration with one of the slits and further serves
to develop a pulse to advance the "remembering" counter which
serves to " remember" the dot position being printed.
As was mentioned hereinabove, rails 27 and 28 are arranged at a
very slight incline relative to the horizontal direction to assure
the printing of a dot row in which all of the dots are aligned
along an imaginary straight line which preferably is parallel to
the horizontal direction. For example, considering FIG. 2, numeral
60 represents the dot printed at time t.sub.0. Immediately
thereafter, the free ends of the solenoid print wires are deflected
to move to a positon to print dot 61. During this time dot 60 has
moved upwardly to location 60' due to the fact that the paper is
being continuously advanced at a constant rate of speed in the
direction shown by arrow A. Due to the incline of rails 27 and 28,
the free ends of the print wires move along dotted line 64 to print
dot 62. During this time the paper document moves upward (arrow A)
moving the first dot from location 60' to 60" and moving the second
dot from position 61 to position 61'. By diagonal movement of the
free ends of the print wires, all three dots are caused to lie
along a straight line (dotted line 63). It should be noted that the
spacing between the dots in FIG. 2 has been exaggerated to
facilitate an understanding of the operation, typical spacing
between dots being of the order of 0.018 inches. It should also be
further noted that the angle of inclination as represented by
dotted line 64 has been exaggerated to further faciliatate an
understanding of the cooperation of movement of the deflection
plate and continuous paper movement to achieve printing of a dot
row along an imaginary straight line which preferably is parallel
to the horizontal direction.
The speed of movement of platen 17 and hence paper document 16 is
further chosen so that during the time it takes the movable
deflection plate 25 to move from its right-hand most position to
its left-hand most position (during a return operation) the paper
document 16 has moved a distance equal to half the spacing between
adjacent rows of dots forming a character. This is aided by the
fact that whereas movable deflection plate 25 moves upward and to
the right during printing, it moves downward and to the left during
carriage return. In one embodiment, the paper moves a distance
equal to the radius of the dot during printing so that during a
carriage return, the movement of both the paper and the carriage
through one radius each amounts to combine movement of one diameter
of a dot.
Whereas the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1 shows the use of a
shuttle cam for providing the desired printing and return movement
of the print wire deflection plate 25, it should be understood that
any other suitable means may be employed such as the cam device 97
shown in FIG. 1b of copending application Ser. No. 204,024 or
alternatively a timing belt device may be employed, depending upon
the needs of the user.
Stationary plate 23 containing jewel bearings 24 act as a fulcrum
for each of the print wires 13 to control the bending which each
print wire undergoes as the deflection plate 25 moves the free ends
of the print wires in unison during a line printing operation.
FIG. 4 shows the dot patterns for some typical characters capable
of being printed by the device of the present invention, with the
dot spacing of FIG. 4 being exaggerated to simplify their
understanding. The solid circles indicate dots to be printed. In
each case, the order of printing is dot row 1, dot positions 1, 2,
3, 4, 5 (for each print wire) until dot row 1 is completed; dot row
2, dot positions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, until dot row 2 is completed; and
so forth until seven dot rows have been completed thereby
completing one line of characters. Appropriate selection of dots in
each 5.times.7 matrix (which contains 35 different dot positions)
permits the printing of any desired characters as typified by the
characters shown in FIG. 4.
FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of one preferred electronic scheme 70
for operating the printer mechanism of FIG. 1. The apparatus 70 of
FIG. 3 is comprised of a data entry means 71 which, for example,
may be an external source such a computer adapted to output data in
the form of input information to the printer. Data may be in the
form of a six-bit binary code capable of representing up to 64
different characters, numerals or other symbols. The output lines
of the date entry block are shown as being coupled to the input of
a two-phase clock 74 and a counter 75 as well as the input of
register 76.
The zero backfill circuit 72 provides a capability of "backfilling"
of register with "blank" characters in the case where a line of
print is to contain less than the total number of characters which
the printer is capable of printing per line.
Print cycle circuit 73 comprises a settable and resettable
flip-flop, for example, to indicate the initiation of a print cycle
and thereby indicating that a search for the next group of dots to
be printed should be performed during such print cycle. The
solenoids such as, for example, the solenoids 12 of FIG. 1, are
operated by a pulse having a time duration of the order of 450
microseconds. The relaxed time between adjacent solenoid drive
pulses is of the order of 550 microseconds and it is during this
time interval in which the search for the next group of dots is
performed in readiness for the next dot printing operation, as will
become obvious upon a description of the operation of the
electronics of FIG. 3.
Clock pulse source 74, which has its input connected to the outputs
of each of the electronic circuits identified as blocks 71-73 is a
clock pulse source which has a capability of generating two lagging
clock pulses source to operate data register 76. One such suitable
two-phase clock source may, for example, be a clock pulse source
and one shot multivibrator triggered by the clock pulse source for
developing a first output from the clock pulse source and a second
output (lagging the first output) from the one shot multivibrator.
However, any other type of clock pulse source and register may be
employed if desired, it being understood that the register 76 is of
the type in the present application, which utilizes two time
separated clock pulses for advancement thereof.
The outputs of each of the circuits 71-73 are simultaneously
coupled to the input of counter 75 which develops a pulse at its
output 75b for each five pulses applied to its input 75a. The
output of counter 75 is simultaneously applied to the input of
counter 76 and a timing pulse decoder 77. Counter 76 develops a
pulse at its output for each group of eight pulses applied to its
input 76a. The outputs of all of the stages of counter 76 are also
simultaneously applied to one input of timing pulse decoder circuit
77. Timing pulse decoder 77 is comprised of a counter plus logical
decoding circuitry for developing an output signal at only one of
its 80 outputs 77a at any given instant. Each of its output lines
are coupled to associated input lines of an 80 bit buffer register
83 which operates in a manner to be more fully described.
Counters 75 and 76 collectively form a counter capable of
developing a count of 80, i.e. of generating an output pulse at 76b
for every 80 pulses applied at input 75a. The function of this
counting operation will be described in detail hereinbelow.
Output line 76b of counter 76 is coupled to the input line 78a of
counter 78. Output 78b of counter 78 is coupled to the input 80a of
divide by 10 counter 80 whose output 80b is coupled to the input
81a of a second divide by ten counter 81 whose output 81b is
coupled to the input 84a of a multiplexer 84.
Divide by six counter 78 is further provided with a plurality of
outputs 78c from each of its stages, each of which are coupled to
associated inputs of a column decoder 79 having five output lines
79a which are coupled to associated input lines of character
generator 85 which will be described hereinbelow.
Data register 82 has the capability of storing 80 characters each
character being comprised of six data bits. The output of data
register 82 (six binary bits) is coupled to six associated inputs
85a of character generator 85 and are simultaneously coupled
through feed-back loop 82b to associated input lines 82c of data
register 82. The shift pulse input 82d of data register 82 is
coupled to the output 74b of clock 74, while the data input lines
82a are coupled to the data entry device 71 or any other suitable
external source which provides the input data for the printing
operation. In the system block diagram as shown, data may be first
provided in serial fashion with each six bits being converted into
parallel fashion by a suitable serial to parallel converter, if
desired. The operation of the electronic circuitry of FIG. 3 is as
follows:
Let it first be assumed that data register 82 has been filled with
80 characters, i.e. that each character position in a line of 80
characters is to receive a character, number or other symbol. Once
this has occurred, the first character (of six data bits) loaded
into register 82 will have been shifted 80 positions from the
left-hand most stage of register 82 to the right-hand most stage so
as to have the state of its data code appearing at the six outputs
of register 82 at the right-hand end thereof. At this time, data
entry device 71 will provide a shift pulse which is applied to the
input of divide by ten counter 75 and simultaneously to clock
source 74. The outputs of counters 75, 76, 78, 80 and 81 will all
be binary zero at this time. The six data bits in the right-hand
most stage of register 82 will be simultaneously applied to the
input of character generator 85. At this time, column decoder 79
will provide an output pulse at the left-hand most output line
causing the character generator to provide a seven bit output which
represents the seven dot positions in the first column of the first
character to be printed in the line of characters (note, for
example, FIG. 4 in which the dots of column 1 will be caused to
appear at the seven output positions 85c of character generator
85). These seven bits are simultaneously applied to associated
inputs 84b of multiplexer 84.
Row counter 81 is provided with four output lines 81b which are
coupled to associated input lines 84a of multiplexer 84 with the
binary code of these lines representing the particular row being
printed at any given time. As is noted in FIG. 5, the printing of
seven rows constitutes the printing of one line of characters or
other symbols. Initially, row counter 81 is set at zero which is
interpreted by multiplexer 85 as an indication that the dot in the
particular column of dots to be printed for dot row one is that dot
position which should be selected. Multiplexer 84 operates as a
decoder in which only of the seven input lines 84b is coupled to
its output line 84c at any given instant. The condition or state of
the bit in column 1, dot row 1, of the first character is coupled
to the input of 80 bit buffer register 83 which is comprised of
eighty bistable flip-flops each of which is capable of storing one
binary bit regardless of its binary state. The correlation can be
seen between the eighty storage flip-flops and the 80 solenoids
provided in the printer for the embodiment in which a capability of
80 characters per line is provided. It should be obvious that any
other line length may be utilized and in fact embodiments have been
developed in which up to 132 characters per line capacity has been
provided. In such embodiments it would be obvious to provide a
buffer register 83 having 132 stages with the other circuitry also
being modified accordingly.
The output of timing pulse decoder 77 is comprised of 80 output
lines only one of which is enabled at any given time. The operation
is such that the first or left-hand most output line is enabled
during start-up of the first line of characters to be printed to
indicate that a dot position (i.e. in the first dot row and first
column) of the first character will be stored in the bistable
flip-flop associated with this position.
The next pulse from clock source 74 advances all of the coded
characters stored in register 82 one position to the right. The
coded character stored in the right-hand most position is
recirculated through feedback path 82b so as to be redeposited in
the first position or left-hand-most stage of register 82.
The second character comprised of a six-bit code is applied to
associated inputs 85a of character generator 85. Simultaneously
therewith column decoder 79 remains in the zero count state since
data from the first column of dots of the remaining 79 characters
has yet to be loaded into buffer register 83 and subsequently
printed. The output code generated by column decoder 79 therefore
represents the fact that the first column (i.e., column 1- see FIG.
4) of the second character is to appear at the output leads 85c of
character generator 85. These seven outputs which represent the
state of the bits in column one of the second character are
simultaneously applied to the inputs 84b of multiplexer 84. Row
counter 81 at this time remains at a zero count indicating that the
dot in row one column one (for the second character) is to be
selected. Since timing pulse decoder 77 has received only one
output pulse from divide by ten counter 75, the output signals of
decoder 77 appearing at 77a enable only the second flip-flop
register to receive one bit which represents the dot condition
(i.e. a dot or no dot) of the first column in dot row one of the
second character.
This operation is continued until a dot condition in dot row one,
column one of all 80 characters are loaded into the 80 stages of
buffer register 83. The outputs at each of the 80 flip-flop stages
of register 83 are coupled to solenoid drive circuits which, in
turn, are coupled to associated outputs of the solenoids (12 of
FIG. 1). The print carriage is moving at this time and moves into
the first position in which the photo cell and light source are
moved into registration with the first slit or transparent opening
provided in registration strip 40. It should be noted that the
light source 45 and photo cell 44 are preferably in alignment with
any one of the jewel bearings 26 provided in deflection plate 25.
When the registration between one of the registration slits and
light source 45 and photocell 44 occurs, the light sensitive pickup
44 develops a pulse due to the registration condition to activate a
strobe circuit 86 which develops a sharp output pulse sufficient to
enable the outputs of buffer register 83 to energize the solenoid
drivers. It should be noted that the 80 dot position conditions of
the aforementioned characters (1-80) are all loaded within less
than 500 microseconds. Since the movable deflection plate requires
of the order of 550 microseconds to deflect the print wires from
one registration position to the next, it can be seen that the
operation of loading of the 80 bits occurs well before the time in
which these 80 bits exert control over their associated solenoid
drivers.
After the completion of 80 shift operations, the characters are now
back in their original position with the first character being in
the right-hand most stage and the last character to be loaded in
the register being in the left-hand most stage. At this time the
operation recycles itself except that the column decoder 79 has now
received an output signal from divide by six counter 78 due to the
fact that divide by eight counter 76 has developed a pulse at its
output 76b to indicate that eighty shift operations have occurred.
At this time, column decoder 79 accepts the pulse to cause its next
output line to be activated, thereby causing the character
generator 85 to provide a seven bit output representative of the
dot conditions of the second column for the first character.
Counters 80 and 81 have yet to be triggered, causing the output of
row counter 81 to continue to condition multiplexer 84 so as to
accept the binary state representing the dot condition in dot row
one, column two of the first character (see FIG. 4). This binary
bit is singled out to appear at output 84c of multiplexer 84.
Timing pulse decoder 77 develops an output wherein only its
left-hand most line is active to load the bit appearing at the
output of multiplexer 84 into the stage of buffer register 83 which
represents the first character. This operation continues until the
binary bits representing the dot conditions of dot row one, column
two dot positions of the 80 characters are now loaded into buffer
register 83. Again, it should be noted that this operation occurs
in less than 500 microseconds so that these bits are in actuality
"waiting" for the deflection assembly to move to the next
registration position.
The above operation continues until all dots in dot row one, column
two for the 80 characters have been printed. The operation set
forth hereinabove continues until all five column positions in the
first dot row for the 80 characters have been printed.
Divide by five counter 78 counts the number of columns which have
been printed. The capability of counting five columns is provided
in spite of the fact that a space is provided between the end of
each character and the beginning of the next character since there
is no need to move the print wire deflection means through six dot
positions. Alternatively, however, it is possible to move the print
wire deflection means 25 through six positions in instances where
it is desired to print or plot curves.
Since each solenoid in the preferred embodiment of the present
invention has been designed to print one character (there being a
capability of printing eighty characters per line with eighty
solenoids) the output of counter 78, upon completion of the first
dot row, advances row counter 81 to enable it to condition
multiplexer 84 to select the data bit representing the dot
positions in dot row 2 for the first line of eighty characters.
Since divide by five counter 78 will have been reset after the
entire first dot row of a line of 80 characters has been printed,
column decoder 79 again causes character generator 85 to be
conditioned to provide output information at its output lines 85c
which represent the dots to be printed in the first column of any
character which is presented at its input lines 85a.
The cycle is then repeated for the second through seventh rows in
the first line of characters, at which time an output from row
counter 81 is employed to indicate that a line of characters has
been completed after the seventh row has been printed, in order to
provide an output pulse to cause a speed up in the movement of the
paper document to provide adequate spacing between the line of
characters just printed and the next line of characters about to be
printed, which spacing is typically of the order of five dot rows.
Paper advancement may be controlled through the mechanical
apparatus described in application Ser. No. 241,782, filed 4/6/72
and assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
The character generator 85 may be likened to a magnetic core or
solid state memory device having a first set of inputs 85a and a
second set of inputs 85b which "intersect" at predetermined
positions within the character generator to develop pulses at the
output lines 85c which are representative of the appropriate
intersections selected. The input lines 85a apply a six binary bit
code capable of selecting any one of 64 different characters,
numerals or other symbols. The particular column in the five by
seven matrix of the character selected is outputted to output lines
85c depending upon which of the column inputs is activated. One
suitable character generator which may be employed is the Texas
Instrument Co. Character Generator designated as Model No. TMS
4103. Obviously, any other character generator may be employed
depending only upon the needs of the user.
Curve plotting is performed by converting register 82 into an 80
bit register for storing only one binary bit per stage with the dot
positions in each stage representing the dots to be printed. In
this instance the character generator and multplexer need not be
employed and register 82 is adapted to function in the same manner
as buffer register 83 to selectively print the dots in each dot
row.
It can be seen from the foregoing description that the present
invention provides a printer capable of character printing or curve
plotting wherein a long row of dots is printed while the movement
of the print wires is reduced to an amount of the order of one nth
of the total length of the line of print where n represents the
number of print wires provided for each row of dots. The amount of
mass which is caused to move during the printing operation is also
remarkably reduced as compared with conventional devices since the
solenoids which actuate the print wires are mounted in a stationary
fashion and only the free ends of the print wires are deflected to
perform the printing operation.
* * * * *