U.S. patent number 3,801,742 [Application Number 05/283,811] was granted by the patent office on 1974-04-02 for remote electronic lock apparatus and methods.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Paul H. Schramm. Invention is credited to John W. Hammond, James P. O'Brien.
United States Patent |
3,801,742 |
O'Brien , et al. |
April 2, 1974 |
REMOTE ELECTRONIC LOCK APPARATUS AND METHODS
Abstract
Apparatus for remote electronic lock operation. Electronic locks
are associated with respective mobile instrumentalities such as
railway cars or semi-trailers, the locks each operating according
to a preselected lock code for the instrumentality. Provision is
included for establishing a voice frequency communication link
having a first terminus at a central lock control facility as to
which the instrumentalities are remotely located. A second terminus
is near one of the remote instrumentalities. The apparatus includes
means for transmitting a lock operation code over the communication
link from the first to second terminus and provision for
transferring the lock operation code from the second terminus to
the last-said instrumentality for operation of its lock means. As a
method of remote electronic lock operation, the identification of
one of the instrumentalities is transmitted to the central
facility, determination is then made of the corresponding lock
operation code, and the latter is transmitted in coded format to
the instrumentality to provide access to it.
Inventors: |
O'Brien; James P. (St. Peters,
MO), Hammond; John W. (Ballwin, MO) |
Assignee: |
Schramm; Paul H. (St. Louis,
MO)
|
Family
ID: |
23087654 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/283,811 |
Filed: |
August 25, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
379/102.06;
340/5.72; 340/5.5 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04M
11/007 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04M
11/00 (20060101); H04m 011/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;179/2R,2A
;340/168,171 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Blakeslee; Ralph D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Koenig, Senniger, Powers and
Leavitt
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for remote electronic lock operation comprising:
a plurality of electronic lock means associated with respective
ones of a plurality of mobile instrumentalities, each of said
electronic lock means being adapted for operation according to a
preselected lock operation code which is associated with the
respective mobile instrumentality;
a central lock control facility, said mobile instrumentalities each
being adapted to be located at locations which are geographically
remote with respect to said central facility;
means for establishing a voice frequency communication link having
a first terminus at said central facility and a second terminus
near a predetermined one of said remote instrumentalities;
means for transmitting a lock operation code over said
communication link from said first terminus to said second
terminus; means for transferring said lock operation code from said
second terminus to the predetermined mobile instrumentality, the
last-said lock operation code causing operation of said electronic
means if said last-said code compares correctly with the
preselected lock operation code associated with said predetermined
mobile instrumentality.
2. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said electronic lock
means comprises an electrically energizable lock, means for
defining said preselected lock operation code, means for receiving
said transmitted lock operation code, means for comparing the
preselected and received lock operation codes, and means, operative
in response to comparison of the codes by said comparing means, for
controlling electrical energization of said lock.
3. Apparatus as set forth in claim 2 wherein said means for
receiving the transmitted lock operation code is constituted by a
binary register and said comparing means is constituted by a binary
comparator.
4. Apparatus as set forth in claim 3 wherein said binary register
is a shift register and further comprising frequency-responsive
means for controlling entry into the shift register of the
transmitted lock operation code and further frequency-responsive
means for controlling clearing of the shift register.
5. Apparatus as set forth in claim 2 wherein the voice frequency
communications link is a telephone circuit and transmitted lock
operation code is adapted to be generated by a touch button
tone-coded dialing mechanism of a telephone at said first
terminus.
6. Apparatus as set forth in claim 5 wherein the transmitted lock
operation code is adapted to be generated in a binary format by
operation of a plurality of touch buttons of the dialing
mechanism.
7. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said mobile
instrumentalities are constituted by vehicles, said electronic lock
means each including an electrically energizable lock for
controlling access to a respective vehicle.
8. Apparatus as set forth in claim 7 wherein said transferring
means includes provision for supplying electric power for
energizing said lock, said lock being energized to permit access to
the vehicle if the transmitted lock operation code compares
correctly with the preselected lock operation code.
9. Apparatus as set forth in claim 8 wherein said communications
link includes a receiver means at said second terminus and said
transferring means comprises a cable connection for connecting the
receiver means with one of the vehicles.
10. Apparatus as set forth in claim 7 wherein said vehicles
comprise railway cars.
11. Apparatus as set forth in claim 7 wherein said vehicles
comprise semitrailers.
12. Apparatus for remote electronic lock operation comprising:
a plurality of electronic lock means associated with respective
ones of a plurality of vehicles, each of said lock means including
an electrically energizable lock for controlling access to the
respective vehicle, the lock being operable to provide access to
the respective vehicle in response to receiving of a preselected
lock operation code associated uniquely with the respective
vehicle;
a central lock control facility, said vehicles being adapted to be
located at locations which are geographically remote from the
central facility;
means for establishing a telephone link having a first terminus at
said central facility and a second terminus near a predetermined
one of the vehicles;
means for transmitting a lock operation code over said telephone
link from said first terminus to said second terminus;
means for interconnecting the electronic lock means of said
predetermined vehicle with said second terminus for transferring
the transmitted lock operation code to said lock means, whereby
said lock is operated to provide access to said vehicle if the
transmitted code is said preselected lock operation code.
13. A method of remote electronic lock operation for controlling
access to one of a plurality of instrumentalities adapted to be
geographically remotely located with respect to a central control
facility, each of said instrumentalities having a predetermined
identification, and electronic lock means providing access to the
instrumentality in response to receiving of a preselected lock
operation code corresponding to the respective identification, said
method comprising transmitting to the central facility from a
location near to one of said instrumentalities the identification
of the last-said instrumentality, determining at the central
facility the lock operation code corresponding to the transmitted
identification, transmitting as tone-coded signals the
corresponding lock operation code in coded format to said location
from the central facility for electronic transfer to the last-said
instrumentality, and electronically storing and comparing the
transmitted lock operation code with the preselected lock operation
code corresponding to the identification of the last-said
instrumentality whereby access to the last-said instrumentality is
provided.
14. A method as set forth in claim 13 wherein the transmitting of
said identification and corresponding lock operation code is
carried out telephonically.
15. A method as set forth in claim 13 including the step of
supplying electrical power from an outside source to the last-said
instrumentality for operation of said electronic lock means when a
lock operation code is transferred to the instrumentality.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to locks and more particularly to an
electronic lock system for remote operation of electronic locks of
vehicles or other mobile instrumentalities.
Pilferage of or theft from unattached boxcars or semitrailers is a
serious problem in the transportation industry. Conventional
practice with railway boxcars, for example, is to employ seals or
locks on the doors. Seals are easily broken and serve only to
indicate that someone has broken into the car, while locks can
often be picked or broken. Moreover, locks either require keys (the
control or use of which may be burdensome in many cases) or a lock
combination. A problem with using combination locks is that
unauthorized persons may easily maintain a file of combination
numbers.
Electronic remote control lock systems have been known for some
time. For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,093,994; 3,134,254;
3,320,490; 3,392,558; Re. 27,013; and references cited therein.
However, such electronic lock systems of the prior art have not
been useful for controlling access to highly mobile
instrumentalities such as boxcars or semitrailers which are likely
to be widely geographically separated from any central facility
from which such access is to be controlled.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Among the several objects of the invention may be noted the
provision of apparatus for and methods of electronic lock operation
for controlling access to remote mobile instrumentalities such as
railway boxcars or semitrailers; the provision of such apparatus
and methods which are highly secure and not prone to tampering or
unauthorized use; the provision of such apparatus and methods which
do not require the mobile instrumentalities to carry a source of
internal power for operation; and the provision of such apparatus
and methods which are relatively simple and foolproof in use.
Briefly, apparatus for remote electronic lock operation according
to the invention comprises a plurality of electronic lock means
associated with respective ones of a plurality of vehicles or other
mobile instrumentalities, each of the lock means including an
electrically energizable lock for controlling access to the
respective vehicle. The lock is operable to provide access to the
respective vehicle in response to receiving of a preselected lock
operation code associated uniquely with the respective vehicle.
There is a central lock control facility and the vehicles are
adapted to be located at locations which are geographically remote
from the central facility. The apparatus includes means for
establishing a telephone or other voice frequency communication
link having a first terminus at the central facility and a second
terminus near a predetermined one of the vehicles. Means is
provided for transmitting a lock operation code over the telephone
link from the first terminus to the second terminus. Provision is
made for interconnecting the electronic lock means of the
predetermined vehicle with the second terminus transferring the
transmitted lock operation code to the vehicle's lock means. Its
lock is accordingly operated to provide access to the vehicle if
the transmitted code is correct, i.e., is the preselected lock
operation code.
In use, the apparatus involves a method comprising transmitting the
identification of the predetermined vehicle to the central
facility, determining at the central facility the lock operation
code corresponding to the transmitted identification, and
transmitting the corresponding lock operation code in coded format
from the central facility to the last-said vehicle.
Preferably the vehicle identification is transmitted, e.g., by
telephone, from a location near the last-said vehicle and the lock
operation code corresponding to said identification is transmitted
as tone-coded signals over the telephone to said location and
transferred electronically to the vehicle.
Other objects and features will be in part apparent and in part
pointed out hereinafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an elevation of a vehicle depicted as including
electronic lock means of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a pictorial representation of a telephone communication
link as employed in the invention; and
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of circuitry of the
invention.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts
throughout the several views of the drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings, a railway boxcar 11 is represented
as one of a plurality of vehicles such as semitrailers or other
mobile instrumentalities provided with electronic lock apparatus 13
of the invention. Apparatus 13 includes a solenoid 15 which, when
energized in response to a preselected lock operation code received
by apparatus 13, is adapted to operate a latch 17 for permitting
opening of the doors 19 of car 11 and thereby to provide access to
the car.
The lock operation code is associated with, i.e., corresponds to,
the respective vehicle and for this purpose the vehicle is
identified by an identification number or the like. It will be
understood that lock apparatus 13 may similarly control access to a
semitrailer or many other types of mobile instrumentalities.
Positioned on the side of boxcar 11 is a cable receptacle 21 for
receiving a cable plug 23 at one end of an electrical cable 25 as
explained hereinbelow. Receptacle 21 is interconnected with the
electronic lock apparatus 13 by suitable electrical wiring 27
within the boxcar.
In accordance with the invention, a central lock control facility
29 is selected. This facility may be located, for example, at a
central dispatch office or the like with respect to which the
boxcars 11 (or other vehicles) are subject to being remotely
geographically located. At the control facility 29 is maintained a
file of boxcar or vehicle identification numbers and the lock
operation codes respectively corresponding to those identification
numbers.
A touch button tone-coded telephone 31 provides a first terminus of
a voice-frequency communication link at the central facility 29. At
a location (such as a switchyard office) near the respective boxcar
11, a second such telephone 35 provides a second terminus of the
link. Thus the communication link is constituted by the telephone
circuit 37 which is established between telephones 31 and 35 when a
call is made from one to the other.
The touch button tone-coded dialing mechanism 36 of telephone 31
(or other tone-coding equipment) constitutes means for transmitting
a lock operation code over the telephone circuit 37 to telephone
35. As is known, such dialing mechanisms generate dialing tones.
These tones are utilized in accordance with the invention to
provide a binary format for the lock operation code. That is, the
lock operation code may be defined by a binary number such as
010011 which can be transmitted simply by operating the 0 and 1
touch buttons of the dialing mechanism.
Cable 25 constitutes means for transferring the lock operation code
received via telephone 35 to the nearby boxcar 11. Accordingly,
cable 25 is flexible and of sufficient length to reach from the
telephone 35 (which may be located at a rail siding or at a
switchyard, etc.) to the boxcar 11 on the siding or in the
railyard.
For this purpose, the end 39 of cable 25 at facility 33 is suitably
connected as shown at 41 to telephone 35. In addition, a suitable
source of power (e.g., line voltage a.c.) is supplied to the cable
via a lead 43 for providing operating power for electronic lock
apparatus 13.
Referring now to FIG. 3, electronic lock apparatus 13 includes
conventional filter circuits 45 and 47 constituting tone decoders
for detecting predetermined tone frequencies of the touch button
tone signals received by telephone 35 and transferred to electronic
lock apparatus 13 when cable plug 23 is connected at receptacle 21.
Filter circuit 45 decodes the 0 and 1 tones which define the
received lock operation code received by a lead 41' interconnecting
with lead 41 thereby to provide a data signal represented at 49.
The data is supplied to the data input of a binary shift register
51.
Tone decoder circuit 47 is responsive to the tones representative
of a touch button phone number such as 6, providing a signal for
clearing register 51 in response to receiving a "clear" signal. The
"clear" signal is thus generated by operating the 6 button of
telephone 31.
Interconnected via leads A1,A2, ... An with the shift register 51
is a binary comparator 53 for comparing the received lock operation
code shifted into and thus electronically stored by register 51
with a preselected lock operation code previously wired or set into
the apparatus 13 by means 55 defining the preselected code. Means
55 may be constituted by a plurality of switches, for example, each
defining one bit of the preselected code and interconnected with
comparator 53 by leads B1,B2, ... Bn.
An output lead 57 supplies an output signal from comparator 53 if
the codes compare correctly. Conventional buffer circuitry 59 is
provided for energizing solenoid 15 in response to an output signal
on lead 57. Low-voltage d.c. suitable for operation of decoders 45
and 47, register 51, comparator 53 and buffer 59 is provided by a
low-voltage power supply 61 which receives a.c. power from a lead
43' interconnecting via receptacle 21 and plug 33 with lead 43
(FIG. 2). Lead 43' also supplies a.c. power for operation of
solenoid 15.
In operation, it is assumed that boxcar 11 (or other vehicle, etc.)
is at a location 33 remote from central control facility 29. When
it is desired to gain access to the boxcar, the plug 23 of cable 25
is inserted in receptacle 21. A telephone call is then initiated
from telephone 35 to telephone 31. The caller provides the called
person with appropriate identification and then transmits (e.g.,
verbally) to the central facility the car seal or identification
number or other indicia identifying the boxcar.
At the central facility 29, the person to whom the car
identification has been transmitted then determines the lock
operation code corresponding to the transmitted car identification.
This code may be punched into a dialing card, etc. This
corresponding lock operation code is then transmitted in coded
(i.e., binary) format to telephone 35 by operation of appropriate 1
and 0 buttons of the dialing mechanism 36 of telephone 31. The
transmitted code is electronically transferred by cable 25 to
apparatus 13. The received code is then electronically stored by
register 51 and compared by comparator 53 with the preselected lock
operation code determined by means 55. If the comparison is
correct, solenoid 15 is energized by the a.c. power also supplied
by cable 25 to operate latch 17. Accordingly, the doors 19 of
boxcar 11 may be opened.
If an incorrect lock operation code is transmitted (through error,
for example), the register 51 may be cleared by the person at
central facility 29 by transmitting a "clear" signal. As noted,
this is accomplished by operating the 6 button, for example, of
dialing mechanism 36. A correct lock operation code may then be
transmitted for entry into register 51.
While a telephone communications link has been illustrated, it is
within the purview of the invention that other types of voice
frequency communication links may be employed, e.g., radio
communication.
In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of
the invention are achieved and other advantageous results
attained.
As various changes could be made in the above constructions and
methods without departing from the scope of the invention, it is
intended that all matter contained in the above description or
shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as
illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
* * * * *