U.S. patent number 3,800,800 [Application Number 05/220,341] was granted by the patent office on 1974-04-02 for apparatus and method for incontinence control.
Invention is credited to Dietmar Rudolf Garbe, Harry McDonnell.
United States Patent |
3,800,800 |
Garbe , et al. |
April 2, 1974 |
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR INCONTINENCE CONTROL
Abstract
The apparatus is operable to control female urinary incontinence
and includes an elongated, generally finger shaped insert which is
made from an electrical insulating material, which is substantially
rigid, which is sized to fit completely within a vagina and which
is adapted to be worn completely within a vagina for an extended
period of time. A pair of electrodes are spaced apart along the
length of the insert and connections are provided for connecting
the electrodes to a source of electric potential located within or
without the insert. Each one of the electrodes is located on the
periphery of the insert so as to be in position to contact internal
surface areas of the vagina when the insert is placed therein for
the purpose of applying an electric signal to surface areas for
tetanizing relevant muscle tissue located within the body proximate
vaginal surface areas located between the surface areas contacted
by the electrodes. The method includes the steps of inserting the
insert completely within the vagina of an incontinent female and
retaining the insert in the vagina for an extended period of time
while simultaneously applying to the electrodes on the insert a
signal which is defined by a plurality of pulses each having a peak
voltage of up to 20 volts and a duration of from 10 to 300
microseconds. Preferably the pulses are generated at a frequency of
from 25 to 200 pulses per second.
Inventors: |
Garbe; Dietmar Rudolf
(Buckingham, EN), McDonnell; Harry (Seamill,
SC) |
Family
ID: |
10434667 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/220,341 |
Filed: |
January 24, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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859136 |
Sep 18, 1969 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Sep 20, 1968 [GB] |
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50930/68 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
607/72;
607/138 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61H
21/00 (20130101); A61N 1/36007 (20130101); A61N
1/0524 (20130101); A61F 5/48 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
5/48 (20060101); A61N 1/05 (20060101); A61N
1/36 (20060101); A61n 001/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/38R,404,407,405,408,421,422,423 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kamm; William E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Silverman & Cass
Parent Case Text
RELATED PATENT APPLICATION
This application is a continuation-in-part of our co-pending U.S.
Pat. application Ser. No. 859,136 filed on Sept. 18, 1969 and now
abandoned which claims priority from an application filed in Great
Britain on Sept. 20, 1968.
Claims
We claim:
1. Apparatus for the control of female urinary incontinence, said
apparatus comprising: an elongate, generally finger-shaped insert
which is made from an electrical insulating material, which is
substantially rigid, which is generally cylindrical and has a
diameter ranging from 5 millimetres to 40 millimetres and a length
ranging from 3 centimetres to 12 centimetres so as to fit
completely within a vagina and so as to support most vaginas
against deformation by the pressure of adjacent organs, which is
adapted to be worn completely within a vagina for an extended
period of time and which has a pair of electrodes spaced apart
along the length of said insert, means connected to said electrodes
for generating a signal which is applied to said electrodes and
which is defined by a plurality of pulses generated at a frequency
of from 25 to 200 pulses per second, each pulse having a peak
voltage of up to 20 volts and a duration of from 10 to 300
microseconds, and means for connecting said signal-generating means
to a voltage source, each one of said electrodes being located on
the periphery of said insert so as to be in position to contact
internal surface areas of the vagina when the insert is placed
therein for the purpose of applying said electric signal to said
surface areas for tetanizing relevant muscle tissue located within
the body proximate vaginal surface areas located between the
surface areas contacted by said electrodes.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said electrodes are
flush with the periphery of said insert.
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said insert is
generally cylindrical with a diameter of approximately 16.5
millimetres.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said length of said
insert is between 5.5 centimetres and 8.5 centimetres.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said length of said
insert is approximately 7 centimetres.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the spacing between
said electrodes is equal to approximately 35 percent of the length
of said insert.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the spacing between
said electrodes is approximately 2.5 centimetres.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein each one of said
electrodes is generally ring-shaped and has a width between 2
millimetres and 8 millimetres.
9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said electrodes
totally encircle said insert and said insert includes at least two
sections held together by at least one of said electrodes.
10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said insert is
rounded at one end to facilitate insertion thereof into and within
a vagina.
11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said signal
generating means generates positive pulses.
12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said signal
generating means generates pulses with a peak voltage between 0 and
10 volts.
13. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said signal
generating means generates pulses with a peak voltage of
approximately 5.5 volts positive.
14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said signal
generating means generates pulses with a pulse duration between 100
and 300 microseconds.
15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said signal
generating means generates pulses having a pulse duration of
approximately 200 microseconds.
16. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said signal
generating means generates said pulses for a portion of a cycle of
operation of said apparatus.
17. A method for controlling female urinary incontinence including
the steps of: inserting completely within the vagina of an
incontinent female, an elongate finger-shaped device having a pair
of electrodes spaced apart along its length; retaining said device
in said vagina for an extended period of time; and, simultaneously,
applying to said electrodes a signal which is defined by a
plurality of pulses generated at a frequency of from 25 to 200
pulses per second, each pulse having a peak voltage of up to 20
volts and a duration of from 10 to 300 microseconds.
18. The method as claimed in claim 17 wherein said pulses are
positive pulses.
19. The method as claimed in claim 17 wherein said peak voltage is
between 0 and 10 volts.
20. The method as claimed in claim 17 wherein said peak voltage is
approximately 5.5 volts positive.
21. The method as claimed in claim 22 wherein said pulse duration
is approximately 200 microseconds.
22. In an apparatus which is utilized for controlling female
urinary incontinence and which includes means for generating a
signal which is defined by a plurality of pulses generated at a
frequency of from 25 to 200 pulses per second, each pulse having a
peak voltage of up to 20 volts and a duration of from 10 to 300
microseconds, the improvement comprising, an elongate, generally
finger-shaped insert which is substantially rigid which is
generally cylindrical having a diameter ranging from 5 millimetres
to 40 millimetres and a length ranging from 3 centimetres to 12
centimetres such that said insert is sized to fit completely within
a vagina and sized to support most vaginas against deformation by
the pressure of adjacent organs, which is adapted to be worn
completely within a vagina for an extended period of time, which
has a pair of electrodes spaced apart along the length of said
insert, each one of said electrodes being located on the periphery
of said insert so as to be in position to contact internal surface
areas of the vagina when said insert is placed therein, and which
has means for connecting said electrodes to said signal generating
means.
23. The insert as claimed in claim 22 wherein the spacing between
said electrodes is equal to approximately 35 percent of the length
of said insert.
24. The insert as claimed in claim 22 wherein the spacing between
said electrodes is approximately 2.5 centimetres.
25. The insert as claimed in claim 22 wherein said electrodes
totally encircle said insert and said insert includes at least two
sections held together by at least one of said electrodes.
26. The insert as claimed in claim 22 wherein said insert is
rounded at one end to facilitate insertion thereof into and within
a vagina.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus for controlling
female urinary incontinence. The invention also relates to a method
for controlling female urinary incontinence thereby to protect a
bed, furniture or clothing against soilage by a female who is
normally incontinent.
Heretofore it has been proposed to use a ring pessary or surgically
implanted electrodes for applying an electric signal to vaginal
surface areas for tetanizing relavant muscle tissue for controlling
female urinary incontinence. The ring pessary, of course, could
also serve as a support for the uterus. The apparatus of the
present invention differs from a ring pessary in that it includes
an elongated, generally finger shaped insert which is of simple
design, which is easy to construct and which is easy to insert
within a vagina. In this respect the insert of the present
invention can be inserted by a patient whereas it is virtually
impossible for most patients to employ a ring pessary without
professional assistance.
Devices for tetanizing muscle tissue for controlling female urinary
incontinence have been looked upon with suspicion since many of the
prior devices were not adequately tested to make certain that they
were truly efficacious in controlling female urinary incontinence.
Moreover, electrical devices applied to the body are prone to cause
injury in the longterm. From numerous tests and case histories it
has been found that the insert of the present invention and a
signal applied thereto having the parameter ranges to be described
hereinafter are indeed efficacious in controlling female urinary
incontinence.
Long ago, around the turn of the century (1900 A.D.) various
devices for applying electric current to mucous cavities of the
body were proposed. At the time these devices were proposed the
effect of electricity upon the body was not fully understood. In
this respect the devices proposed at that time were claimed to have
a beneficial or vitalizing effect upon the "parts" presumably, the
tissues through which the electrical current was passed. These
antiquated devices included electrodes and circuitry for applying a
direct current and in some cases an alternating current to the
electrodes. However, these devices were not concerned with the
control of female urinary incontinence. Moreover, medical
practitioners today have serious doubts whether these antiquated
devices had any beneficial effect at all. In this respect human
experience, and suffering, has shown that the hypothesis underlying
the presumed effect of many of these antiquated devices was based
upon pure conjecture and on the hope that the mysterious force
called electricity would have a beneficial effect on the mucous
cavities (anal and vaginal cavities) of the body and the organs
located therein.
Examples of electric devices of this type developed at the turn of
the century are disclosed in the following U.S. Patents: No.
494,520 issued to B.Y. Boyd on Mar. 28, 1893; No. 527,788 issued to
C.E. Hebard on Oct. 23, 1894; No. 563,387 issued to M.E. Keller on
July 7, 1896; and No. 870,927 issued to B.Y. Boyd on Nov. 12,
1907.
In contrast to these previously proposed devices which were claimed
to have some nebulous beneficial effect upon the anal or vaginal
cavities of the body, the apparatus of the present invention is
specifically adapted for controlling female urinary incontinence.
Moreover according to the teachings of the present invention an
elongated, generally finger shaped insert and an electrical signal
having parameters falling within specific ranges to be described
hereinafter are beneficially utilized in controlling female urinary
incontinence. With respect to the latter, literature describing the
previously proposed devices have not specified or defined the
parameters of the electrical signals which were applied by these
old devices to the mucous cavities of the body.
In addition to controlling female urinary incontinence the insert
of the present invention also functions as a support for the vagina
of the patient.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention there is provided an apparatus for
controlling female urinary incontinence, the apparatus including an
elongated, generally finger shaped insert which is made from an
electrical insulating material, which is substantially rigid, which
is sized to fit completely within a vagina and which is adapted to
be worn completely within a vagina for an extended period of time.
A pair of electrodes are spaced apart along the length of the
insert and connections are provided for connecting the electrodes
to a source of electrical potential. Each of the electrodes is
located on the periphery of the insert so as to be in position in
contact internal surface areas of the vagina when the insert is
placed therein for the purpose of applying an electrical signal to
the surface areas for tetanizing relevant muscle tissue located
within the body proximate vaginal surface areas located between the
surface areas contacted by the electrodes. Preferably the apparatus
also includes a device for generating a signal which is applied to
the electrodes and which is defined by a plurality of pulses each
having a peak voltage of up to 20 volts and a duration of from 10
to 300 microseconds. Moreover the pulses are preferably generated
at a frequency of from 25 to 200 pulses per second.
Also according to the invention there is provided a method for
controlling female urinary incontinence including the steps of:
inserting completely within the vagina of an incontinent female, an
elongated finger shaped device having a pair of electrodes spaced
apart along its length; retaining the device in the vagina for an
extended period of time; and, simultaneously, applying to the
electrodes a signal which is defined by a plurality of pulses each
having a peak voltage of up to 20 volts and a duration of from 10
to 300 microseconds. Preferably, the pulses are generated at a
frequency of from 25 to 200 pulses per second.
The peak voltage of the pulses is preferably varied to suit the
requirement of the patient. For most patients a peak voltage of up
to 9 volts is suitable. A generator giving a maximum of up to 10
volts is therefore employable in the majority of cases and is
preferred for standard equipment. Non-standard generators giving a
higher peak voltage can be provided for special cases.
Preferably, the rise time of the pulses should be as short as
conveniently possible in order to obtain the maximum effect for a
given peak voltage, or in order that the peak voltage requirement
of the patient is kept small.
Pulse frequencies in the upper part of the 25 to 200 per second
range are especially advantageous in that they tend to suit a large
proportion of patients. The pulse duration of the waveform is
advantageously above 100 microseconds. The parameters of the
waveform may all be made independently variable, but it is
preferred in practice to have the recurrence frequency and pulse
duration fixed at values chosen for the most clinically beneficial
results, providing only for variation, preferably continuous
variation, of the peak voltage.
Pulses which are of alternating polarity yield the best results,
but for most patients it is satisfactory to provide pulses which
are all of the same polarity as they are sufficiently effective and
are obtainable by relatively simple circuitry. Discontinuous trains
of pulses, e.g., for 20 seconds in every minute, are normally
adequate and are attractive on grounds of power economy, especially
where batteries are employed.
The insert which, preferably, is formed wholly of insulating
material, conveniently a synthetic resinous material for example
polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene polyvinyl chloride or nylon, is
preferably rigid but if desired may be made flexible or even
inflatable. For hygienic reasons it may be provided in a disposable
form and to achieve the requisite cheapness it may be formed of
film or mesh. It may have any cross-section consistent with proper
anatomical positioning of the electrodes, a circular cross-section
being the most convenient. For ease of insertion and comfort in
use, the insert is preferably provided with a rounded end.
The cross-sectional dimension of the insert preferably is at least
10 mm, a convenient dimension for general use being about 1.65 cm.
For children, a dimension as low as 5 mm may be employed and for
abnormal adults a dimension up to 30 or 40 mm may be
appropriate.
The insert preferably is dimensioned to support the vagina against
deformation by the pressure of adjacent organs, the aforesaid
dimension of about 1.65 cm serving the purpose well in most women,
and made sufficiently rigid for the purpose, e.g., by the use of a
rigid insulating material or providing the insulating material with
a rigid internal support.
Especially when the insert has a circular cross-section, the
electrodes preferably totally encircle the insert. This is
especially convenient for the pelvic muscles in the region of the
urethra are then tetanized irrespective of the orientation of the
insert with the vagina; obviously the spacing of the electrodes
should be suitable for the required tetanization. The minimum
spacing desirable for general use is 1 cm. It may be substantially
greater up to the maximum permitted by the length of the insert
which may be as long as 12 cm or as small as 3 or 4 cm. A length of
from 5.5 to 8.5 cm is normally preferred, about 7 cm being most
convenient. A convenient spacing is about 2.5 cm or about 35
percent of the length, whichever is the smaller. Electrode widths,
measured in the length direction of the insert, of from 2 to 8 mm
are suitable.
In one convenient construction, the insert is constructed of
sections held together by the electrodes which may be flush with
the surface or stand proud of the surface, e.g., by about
one-sixteenth inch, for improved electrical contact. In another
convenient construction at least one of the electrodes is provided
by metal plated on to the plug. The metal is preferably a
non-corrosive one to ensure durability and the continued
maintenance of good electrical contact; for this reason the plated
metal is advantageously a precious metal.
In a method of manufacturing the apparatus which is preferred
because of its convenience, the electrodes are fitted in the form
of rings over a core of insulating material and further insulating
material is moulded over the core to locate the electrodes and
provide the apparatus with a smooth surface. This method is
superior to methods involving positioning the rings as inserts in a
mould as a first step; in practice such methods tend to require the
rings to stand proud of the insulating material. Moreover a single
entry moulding technique is possible if the core is shaped to
provide passageways under the rings, for example being provided
with flats.
The invention includes within its scope a method of protecting a
bed, furniture, or clothing against soilage by a normally
incontinent patient, in which method the patient is treated as
aforesaid.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-section of an insert forming part of
the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an electrical circuit for
generating a desired electrical signal which is applied to the
insert shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-section of a modified insert.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In the apparatus of FIG. 1, which is of circular cross-section, a
piece 1 of rigid synthetic resinous insulating material, for
example polystyrene, nylon or polyvinyl chloride turned from a rod
thereof or produced by moulding is rounded at one end 2 to a
semispherical shape. At its opposite end the piece 1 is formed with
a shallow bore 3 and reduced in its outer diameter to fit firmly
within a metallic ring 4 which serves as an electrode. At the mid
point of the axial length of the ring 4, the piece 1 meets one end
of another piece 5 of the same material, the said end being shaped
similarly to the adjacent end of piece 1. The piece 5 is formed
with an axial bore 6 which accommodates an electrical lead 7
connected with the ring 4. At its opposite end, the piece 5 is
reduced in diameter to fit within a metallic ring 8 which
constitutes the second electrode. The ring 8, which is thicker than
the ring 4, has its internal diameter enlarged at the side remote
from the piece 5.
A third piece 9 formed with a wide bore 10, and having an end 11
which is closed except at its centre where it is apertured to grip
tightly the sheathing of a twin cable 12, is shaped at its open end
to fit tightly within the side of the ring 8 axially remote from
the piece 5. The two cores of the cable provide the lead 7 and a
lead 13 which is connected to the ring 8.
The free end of the cable is provided with a jack plug 14,
complementary to a pulse output socket of the pulse circuit of FIG.
2. This circuit which follows principles well understood in the art
of electronic pulse generation, gives an output of positive-going
pulses of fixed pulse duration and repetition frequency within the
limits hereinbefore indicated and a peak voltage output which is
variable continuously from 0 to 9 volts by potentiometer Rpl. In
practice this potentiometer is advantageously combined with an
on/off switch. The circuit is very simple and may be encased in a
small container together with a battery. It is suitable for the
range of resistive loads normally encountered in practice, i.e.,
from 600 ohms up to several kilohms. A patient can readily conceal
the casing within the clothing so that control of incontinence may
be achieved together with ambulation.
In a typical case the apparatus of FIG. 1 has a diameter of about
15 mm, electrodes of axial length about 5 mm, a centre to centre
spacing of about 26 mm between the electrodes and a distance of
about 20 mm between the first electrode and the cable-entry
end.
The modified apparatus shown in FIG. 3 is formed by fitting
electrode rings of German silver 4' and 8' over a core 15 from
hemispherically rounded end 16'. The core, which is of circular
cross-section throughout is stepped at 16 and 17 to give positive
positioning of the rings. Both rings have the same external
diameter but the internal diameter of the ring 8' is greater than
that of the ring 4' so that the ring 8' will pass over the step at
17. Leads 7' and 13' from a cable 12' are soft-soldered to the
rings 4' and 8' respectively, before the rings are fitted over the
core 15. The core 15 is formed with flats at 18 and 19 at the
positions where the leads join the electrode rings and a flat at 20
which enables the lead 7' to pass under the electrode ring 8'. The
leads lie in contact with the core 15.
Finally a coating 21 is applied over the core by injection moulding
in a mould having an entry at the position of the arrow 22 to
provide a final surface of cylindrical cross-section having a
diameter equal to the external diameters of the rings 4' and 8' in
which coating the leads 7' and 13' are embedded. During the
moulding operation the moulding material flows under the rings at
the position of the flats 18, 19 and 20 in a satisfactory manner. A
multiple entry mould is unnecessary.
The coating and the core are preferably formed of the same
thermoplastic material which is preferably chosen to mould to a
smooth surface finish. An exceptionally smooth finish is obtainable
using a high impact polystyrene containing an additive known in the
trade as Butytine.
The overall length of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3 is 7.15 cm. The
electrodes have an external diameter of 16.5 mm, an axial length of
4.8 mm and a spacing of 25 mm.
It is found that patients can show a very rapid response to
treatment with apparatus as herein described. Successful results
are obtained in a useful proportion of cases. It is found that a
pulse circuit giving a peak voltage variable up to 5.5 volts, a
pulse duration of 200 microseconds and a recurrence frequency of
about 120 pulses per second is satisfactory for most patients. The
voltage may be set by the patient to gain urinary control. If the
voltage is too high the contraction of the perineal muscles can be
painful.
Tests with over 1000 examples of the apparatus of the invention
(pulse duration 200 microseconds, frequency 120 per second, and
peak adjusted to up to 8.5 volts) have been carried out in the
United Kingdom and several other countries, about 200 medical
practitioners being involved. Included is controlled clinical work
at 21 urological or gynaecological centres in England, Austria,
Czechoslovakia, Germany, Netherlands, Jugoslavia and United States
of America (three centres).
With any apparatus having electrodes for application to the human
body, it is always necessary to consider the possibility of local
tissue damage by electric currents. Electrolytic destruction of
small areas of tissue is known to be possible even with a current
as small as 300 microamperes DC applied continuously. Large areas
of skin destruction have been reported with enuresis alarms which
apply a 6 volt DC potential continuously. Accordingly, the
practitioners concerned have been asked to search for any signs of
damage by the apparatus and their reports have been negative, i.e.,
the apparatus is capable of producing the required muscular
tetanization electrically without using hazardous electrical
conditions. It appears that the brief duration of the applied
pulses, the small mark to space ratios involved, and the natural
fluid movements within the muscular and other tissues subjected to
electrical currents by the particular electrode arrangement operate
to allow migrating ions to recombine so that no unacceptably high
concentration of any one ion can be built up.
Favorable reports have been obtained on the efficacy of the
apparatus in the control of incontinence. In a typical series of 28
cases, the patients were instructed how to insert the plug and
adjust the pulse generator to achieve urinary control. Continuous
use was recommended, though it has been found that use whilst
asleep at night is adequate, and more acceptable to some
patients.
Of the 28 cases, 21 of which had varying degrees of cysotocele,
rectocele and uterine prolapse, 23 were considered to be controlled
or cured when reviewed after 2 or 3 months. One other improved for
6 weeks but then had a recurrence of her symptons and was treated
surgically. In the remaining four cases there was no appreciable
improvement.
Briefly, control was achieved in about 75 percent of the cases (23
in 28) by the simple use of the apparatus by the patient herself,
i.e., without special nursing attendance or recourse to
surgery.
The foregoing description of particular embodiments of the
invention is given merely by way of illustration and various
modifications which will occur to those skilled in the art may be
adopted without departure from the ambit of the invention. This is
especially true of the electrical circuit whose action can be
obtained in a large variety of different ways.
* * * * *