U.S. patent number 3,800,791 [Application Number 05/360,482] was granted by the patent office on 1974-04-02 for adjustable ear plug.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Flents Products Co., Inc.. Invention is credited to Frederick C. Visor.
United States Patent |
3,800,791 |
Visor |
April 2, 1974 |
ADJUSTABLE EAR PLUG
Abstract
A flexible ear plug has flanges thereon of gradually increasing
size. The plug can be inserted into an auditory canal after which
the diameter of the flanges can be increased by forcing an insert
into a cavity in the plug. One size plug, due to the variation in
the diameters of the flanges and the fact that the diameters can be
increased by use of the insert, fits all sizes of auditory
canals.
Inventors: |
Visor; Frederick C. (Englewood
Cliffs, NJ) |
Assignee: |
Flents Products Co., Inc. (New
York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23418151 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/360,482 |
Filed: |
May 15, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
128/864;
181/135 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
11/10 (20130101); A61F 11/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
11/00 (20060101); A61F 11/08 (20060101); A61f
011/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;181/33R,23
;128/151,152 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Tomsky; Stephen J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Blum, Moscovitz, Friedman &
Kaplan
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A sound-attenuating device adjustable in outer diameter for
insertion into the exterior opening of the auditory canal
comprising an outer member of a soft, elastic non-irritating
material, said outer member having an outer diameter such that it
can readily be inserted into an auditory canal and having an
interior end and an exterior end, said member further having an
essentially axial cavity therein open only at the exterior end
thereof, and an inner member of an essentially rigid material
adapted for insertion into said outer member at said exterior end
with interference between said inner member and the wall of said
cavity, the relative dimensions of said inner member and the wall
of said cavity being such that as said inner member is forced into
said outer member at said exterior end, the exterior diameter and
the length of said outer member are increased to an extent which is
a function of the distance to which said inner member is inserted
into said outer member, thereby enabling a user to adjust said
device for maximum attenuation of sound compatible with comfort,
said device being adjustable in size over a range such that a
single model fits any normal auditory canal.
2. The device in accordance with said claim 1 wherein said outer
member is internally threaded and the exterior of said inner member
is threaded for mating with the thread in the interior of said
outer member, adjustment of the exterior diameter of said outer
member being obtainable by rotation of said inner member relative
to said outer member.
3. The device in accordance with claim 2, wherein said inner member
has on the outer end thereof an element which is adapted for
grasping for convenient rotation of said inner member.
4. The device in accordance with claim 3, wherein said element is a
knurled or ribbed knob.
5. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein said member has
at least one flexible flange about the exterior thereof, said
flange being located intermediate the ends of said member at a
position such that forcing said inner member into the cavity in
said member increases the diameter of said flange.
6. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein said member has a
flange at the exterior end thereof sufficiently larger than
auditory canals to limit the extent to which said member can be
inserted into a canal.
7. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the interior of
said outer member and the exterior of said inner member are both
essentially conical or frustoconical and the solid angle of said
inner member is smaller than that of said interior.
8. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein said cavity in
said member has an intermediate frustoconical portion of a solid
angle greater than the solid angle of said inner member and an end
portion of approximately the same diameter as the smaller end of
said intermediate frustoconical portion, said end portion serving
to facilitate distension of said outer member and reception of said
inner member as said inner member is forced into said outer
member.
9. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein said outer member
is of silicone rubber and said inner member is of nylon.
10. The device as defined in claim 1, further comprising a nut of
relatively rigid material within said cavity, the axis of said nut
coinciding with the axis of said cavity, and wherein said cavity
has an intermediate frustoconical section and end section, the
larger end of said frustoconical section being adjacent said nut
and having approximately the same diameter as the root diameter of
the thread in said nut and said end section of said cavity having
approximately the same diameter as the smaller end of said
frustoconical section, said frustoconical end sections of said
cavity being on that side of said nut closer to said interior end
of said outer member.
11. The device as defined in claim 10, wherein said inner member
comprises a threaded portion of constant diameter and said inner
member is of length great enough to penetrate into said end section
of said cavity, said threaded section being adapted to mate with
said nut.
12. The device as defined in claim 10, whrerein said nut is of
nylon and said outer member of molded silicone rubber with said nut
as an insert proximate the exterior end of said outer member.
13. The device as defined in claim 12, wherein said outer member is
of a molded silicone rubber having a methyl vinyl polysiloxane
base.
14. The device as defined in claim 12, wherein said outer member
has a plurality of flanges thereon, the outermost of said flanges
being large enough to seat against that portion of the ear
proximate the opening of the auditory canal, successive flanges in
the direction of the inner end of said device each being of smaller
diameter than the preceding flange, each flange being essentially
frustoconical with the smaller end toward the inner end of said
outer member.
15. The device as defined in claim 14, wherein said outer member is
sufficiently longer than said cavity so that at least one of said
flanges and a portion of said outer member lie beyond the inner end
of said cavity, threreby providing that said relatively rigid inner
member cannot penetrate at least one of said flanges and making it
possible for a portion of the inner end of said outer member to
conform to the normal curvature of the auditory canal.
16. The deviece as defined in claim 10, wherein the diameter of the
smallest of said plurality of flanges is about three-eighth inch,
the diameter of successive flanges increases by about one-sixteenth
inch, the diameter of the largest of said flanges is at least
eleven-sixteenth inch, the root diameter between the innermost and
next innermost flanges is about three-sixteenth inch, and the
length of said outer member is about twenty five-thirty seconds
inch.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As the general noise level has risen and as the noise level at
specific locations has risen to tremendous heights, it has become
more and more important to make available protection for the ears.
A large variety of devices have been devised for this purpose. Most
of these have consisted of a central portion shaped much like the
interior of the auditory canal and have had flanges around them.
Multiple flanges serve the purpose of sealing the auditory canal at
more than one region against the entrance of sound. Many of the
devices have passages therethrough so that some sound is allowed to
pass. Such a channel also serves the purpose of equalizing the
pressure in the auditory canal with that of the atmosphere.
The principle of expanding the inserted device in order to provide
a tight fit between the device and the wall of the canal is
exemplified in a number of designs. U.S. Pat. No. 2,824,558 shows a
tapered cone and socket. The device has no flanges. Pushing in the
inner cone causes the point of the outer cone to bulge. U.S. Pat.
No. 2,876,767 discloses an inflatable ear plug without flanges, the
purpose of which is to seal out water. U.S. Pat. No. 2,053,995
shows a hollow ear plug having a threaded screw in a socket which
shortens the plug and increases its diameter. This device has no
flanges thereon. It has a passage therethrough for the purpose of
equalizing air pressure. U.S. Pat. No. 2,476,224 shows an ear plug
designed to pass low intensity sound but to damp out high intensity
sound. The device has a diaphragm therein.
All of these devices have features which appear to make them
relatively effective for the purposes intended. However, the
ultimate measure of the success of an ear plug is the attenuation
achieved thereby. While a through-hole passing from the exterior
end to the interior end of the plug has the advantage of equalizing
air pressure it inevitably permits transit of sound energy
therethrough, decreasing the effectiveness of the device.
Consequently, it is necessary that means be provided for equalizing
air pressure inside the autditory canal with atmospheric pressure
without the use of a passageway. Also, it is highly desirable that
a plug should be designed so that it fits all sizes of ear canals
including those of children and adult men. Otherwise, it becomes
necessary for the vendor to stock the material in a variety of
sizes, this, in turn requiring a manufacturer to provide a variety
of sizes so that the cost of the device is increased.
A second requirement of prime importance is that the device be
comfortable. Otherwise it would be impossible for an individual who
is to be exposed to loud noises for a lengthy period of time to
continue to use the device. To achieve comfort, a tight seal
between the device and the autditory canal must be accomplished
without exerting undue pressure on the wall of the canal. The
problem therefore presents itself of sealing an ear plug tightly
against the wall of an auditory canal, preferably at a plurality of
regions without exerting radial pressure beyond that which can be
tolerated by the user for a substantial period of time.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An ear plug in accordance with the present invention is essentially
a hollow rod, closed at one end, with a series of flanges graduated
in size surrounding same. The flanges are sufficiently flexible so
that the plug can be inserted into an ear of any size between that
of a child and a male adult, the number of flanges entering the ear
depending on the size of the auditory canal. The interior of the
rod is preferably threaded and a relatively rigid screw can be
inserted manually into the threaded portion of the ear plug. The
screw is threaded into the rod by the user to a distance just short
of that at which discomfort is felt.
In the process of inserting the plug into the ear canal, the plug
is rocked from side to side to allow equalization of air pressure.
Moreover, the cavity within the plug does not extend into the
forward end thereof. The result is that the forward end remains
flexible even after the screw is inserted; this makes it possible
for the forward end of the plug to follow the natural curve of the
auditory canal.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an
improved ear plug which is an effective attenuator of sound and
which can be worn comfortably for extended periods.
Another object of the present invention is a flexible ear plug of a
design such that one size fits virtually all sizes of auditory
canals.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved
ear plug having flanges which seal the auditory canal at a
plurality of regions and in which the length of plug and diameter
of the flanges can be increased after insertion of the ear plug
into the auditory canal.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an
improved ear plug of a flexible, non-irritating material which can
be molded in one piece.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an
improved ear plug which provides the wearer with the option of
balancing improvement in sound attenuation against comfort.
Still other objects and advantages of the invention will in part be
obvious and will in part be apparent from the specification.
The invention accordingly comprises an article of manufacture
possessing the features, properties, and the relation of elements
which will be exemplified in the article hereinafter described, and
the scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
For a fuller understanding of the invention, reference is had to
the following description taken in connection with the accompanying
drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a side view of an ear plug in accordance with the present
invention in enlarged scale;
FIG. 2 is an end view of the ear plug shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the same ear plug;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the insert used to expand the diameter of
the ear plug;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of another emebodiment of an ear plug in
enlarged scale; and
FIG. 6 is a side view of a rigid screw which when threaded into the
ear plug of FIG. 5 increases the diameter of said ear plug.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
An embodiment of an ear plug in accordance with the present
invention is shown in FIG. 1 and is indicated generally by the
reference numeral 11. The inner end 12 of said ear plug is rounded
to facilitate entry into the auditory canal. Said inner end 12
forms a flange 13 toward the rear thereof. The flange is tapered
from the rear toward the front. The body of the device is
essentially rod-like, the diameter of which corresponds to the
position of the reference numeral 14. In the embodiment shown,
flanges 13, 15 and possibly 15a are expected to be inserted into
the ear canal, the ear plug 11 being of soft, elastic,
non-irritating material. The diameter of the plug at 16 may be
slightly larger than at 14 but this is not necessary.
In the embodiment of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, only two flanges, namely
those given the reference numerals 13 and 15, are expected to enter
every ear. The diameter of flange 15 should be slightly larger than
that of flange 13 and there may be further flanges as desired, each
of successively larger diameter as the distance increases from tip
12. Flange 17 is purposely of sufficiently large diameter so that
it cannot enter an auditory canal and thus serves as a stop against
the possibility of inserting the plug so far into an unusually
large auditory canal that difficulty may be had in withdrawing
same.
To expand the ear plug an insert 18 is forced into the outer
portion of the ear plug. The relationship of insert portion 18 to
the outer portion is shown in end view in FIG. 2 and in sectional
side view in FIG. 3 together with side view of insert 18 in FIG. 4.
Insert 18 as shown in FIG. 4 has a head 19 which preferably is
knurled or ribbed, a section 21 of constant diameter, a threaded
section 22 and a conical end portion 23. A cavity in the outer
member of ear plug 11 is indicated generally by the reference
numeral 24; cavity 24 has a threaded section 26 for mating with
threaded section 22 of insert 18. Threaded portion 26 ends in a
tapered or frusto-conical section 27 leading to a section 28 having
a diameter approximately the same as the smaller end of
frustoconical section 27.
It will be noted from FIGS. 3 and 4 that the solid angle of
frustoconical section 27 is greater than the solid angle of the
conical end 23 of insert 18. As a result, when insert 18 is screwed
into the cavity of the outer member, conical end 23 forces the
walls of frustoconical section 27 and section 28 apart, thereby
increasing the diameters of flanges 15 and 15a to the positions
shown by the dashed lines 29 and 31. The wearer adjusts the degree
to which flanges 15 and 15a are expanded by the extent to which he
inserts insert 18. In general, insert 18 is used to increase the
diameter of flanges 15 and 15a to the maximum extent compatible
with comfort, thereby achieving the maximum attenuation of sound
compatible with comfort.
It should be noted that cavity 24 ends at a region substantially
short of tip 12, thereby providing a portion of the outer member
which is sufficiently flexible to follow the curvature of the
auditory canal, since the relatively rigid insert 18 does not reach
into end portion 12.
During the insertion of ear plug 11, it is desirable to pull the
top of the ear upward and rearward thereby straightening the outer
portion of the auditory canal, and to rock the ear plug from side
to side so as to provide momentary gaps between the flanges and the
auditory canal, thus providing for equalization of the air pressure
within the canal and the ambient air pressure. Otherwise, the seal
achieved between the flexible flanges and the walls of the canal is
sufficiently tight so that the air in that portion of the canal
interior to the plug is compressed enough to make the wearer
uncomfortable.
The ear plug is preferably made of silicone rubber, a material
which is soft, elastic and non-irritating to the walls of the
auditory canal. A preferred material is AGC-9248-2 a product having
a methyl vinyl polysiloxane base manufactured by Stauffer-Wacker
Silicone Corporation of Adrian, Michigan, 49221. This material is
heat molded at about 350.degree.-375.degree.F for about 10 minutes.
Suitable material for insert 18 are nylon, Teflon or other
relatively rigid plastics.
Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 5 where the
outer member of the ear plug is represented generally by the
reference numeral 32. This embodiment has four flanges 33, 34, 35
and 36 of successively larger diameters. It has been found that a
suitable diameter for flange 33 is about three-eighths inch and a
suitable diameter for flange 36 is about one-half inch, successive
flanges increasing in diameter by steps of about one-sixteenth
inch. From one to four flanges may enter the auditory canal
depending on the diameter of said canal. Fifth flange 37, on the
other hand, is purposely made large enough so that tapered wall 38
will fit against the exterior opening of the auditory canal thus
preventing insertion of flange 37 into the canal. A suitable
diameter for flange 37 is eleven-sixteenths inch. In the embodiment
of FIG. 5, threaded section 26 (FIG. 3) is replaced by a hexagonal
nut 39 molded into outer member 32 as an insert during the molding
process. The hexagonal exterior of nut 39 prevents rotation of same
during insertion of insert 41 (FIG. 6). Cavity 42 has a
frustoconical section 43 and a section 44 of constant diameter
essentially equal to the smaller end of frustoconical section 43.
Tip 52, of cavity 42 falls well short of tip 47 of outer member 32.
Consequently the forward portion of the ear plug is flexible even
when insert 41 is completely inserted into cavity 42. This section
is preferably about one-fourth inch in length and provides for
conforming of the inner end of outer member 32 to the auditory
canal of the wearer. It will be noted that the diameters of flanges
33 and 34 are not appreciably affected by the insertion of insert
41.
Insert 41 is preferably of nylon or Teflon and has a threaded
portion 49 of constant diameter. This threaded portion may be
viewed as being frustoconical with a solid angle equal to zero.
From this point of view, frustoconical section 43 of cavity 42 has
a larger solid angle than portion 49 of insert 41.
As insert 41 is threaded into nut 39, the diameter of flange 36 is
first increased and then the diameter of flange 35. The diameter of
flange 34 is changed only to a relatively small extent. As tip 51
of insert 41 reaches the narrow end of frustoconical section 43,
the length of outer member 32 begins to increase simultaneously
with increase in the diameter of flange 36. The increase in length
continues as insert 41 penetrates cavity 42. Threaded portion 49 is
purposely made longer than the depth of cavity 42. In addition,
when tip 51 of insert 41 meets bottom 52 of cavity 42, if rotation
of insert 41 is continued, the length of outer member 32 is still
further increased. This increase in length forces flanges 34 and 33
further into the auditory canal giving a further measure of
tightening of the flanges against the wall of the auditory canal.
As aforenoted, the forward or inner end of the outer member is not
penetrated by the relatively rigid insert so that said inner end
can follow the curvature of the auditory canal.
After use of the ear plug of the present invention, removal of the
insert 41 from the outer member makes it easy to remove the plug
from the ear due to the decrease in the diameter of the flanges. It
is advisable to rock the plug from side to side during removal to
avoid producing a decrease in pressure inside the auditory canal.
The plug can be reused any number of times and if made of a soft,
elastic material having a sufficiently high melting point, can be
sterilized if desired.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, among those
made apparent from the preceding description, are efficiently
attained and, since certain changes may be made in the above
article without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above
description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be
interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended
to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention
herein described, and all statements of the scope of the invention
which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall
therebetween.
* * * * *