U.S. patent number 3,798,653 [Application Number 05/346,504] was granted by the patent office on 1974-03-19 for cavity excited conical dielectric radiator.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army. Invention is credited to Howard S. Jones, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,798,653 |
Jones, Jr. |
March 19, 1974 |
CAVITY EXCITED CONICAL DIELECTRIC RADIATOR
Abstract
Disclosed is a small, compact, efficient antenna that uses
practically no ace and is employed on the tip of a projectile. The
antenna is in the form of a nose cone body having an electrically
conductive inner surface. The electrically coated inner surface
extends around the base of the nose cone body and partially coats
the outside of the nose cone and forms a band of conductive coating
at the base thereof. The antenna is excited by a coaxial probe
connected to the metal coating on the inside of the nose cone.
Diametrically opposite the input for the coaxial probe a deep post
is located across the cavity at its center in order to provide a
short circuit. The excited antenna radiates along the tapered
dielectric cone (the portion that is not coated) and couples to
free space.
Inventors: |
Jones, Jr.; Howard S.
(Washington, DC) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the Army (Washington,
DC)
|
Family
ID: |
23359708 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/346,504 |
Filed: |
March 30, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
343/708;
343/785 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01Q
1/28 (20130101); H01Q 1/281 (20130101); H01Q
13/24 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01Q
13/24 (20060101); H01Q 1/27 (20060101); H01Q
13/20 (20060101); H01Q 1/28 (20060101); H01q
001/28 () |
Field of
Search: |
;343/705,708,769,785,873 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lieberman; Eli
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kelly; Edward J. Berl; Herbert
Elbaum; Saul
Claims
I claim as my invention:
1. A cavity excited dielectric radiator comprising a body of
dielectric matter having a outer surface and inner surface, said
inner surface having a skin of conductive material affixed thereto,
said outer surface having a partial covering of skin of similar
conductive material, said skin on said outer surface being
connected to said skin on said inner surface, and further
comprising an electromagnetic energy input means affixed to said
inner conductive skin and a shorting post imbedded in said
dielectric matter and located diametrically opposite to said means
wherein said shorting post connects said outer skin to said inner
skin.
2. The radiator of claim 1 wherein said body of dielectric matter
is a nose cone for a projectile, said cone having a base.
3. The radiator of claim 2 wherein said outer skin is a uniform
band of conductive coating extending around said body and covering
said body from said base to a distance L.
4. The radiator of claim 3 wherein said shorting post comprises a
thin metal rod.
5. The radiator of claim 4 wherein said input means is a 50 ohm
coaxial input connector.
6. The radiator of claim 3 wherein said shorting post is a
conductive filling.
7. The radiator of claim 3 wherein said skins are extremely thin
with respect to the wall thickness of said dielectric body.
Description
RIGHTS OF THE GOVERNMENT
The invention described herein may be manufactured, used, and
licensed by or for the U. S. Government for governmental purposes
without the payment to the inventor of any royalty thereon.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Heretofore separate antenna structures were incorporated into the
body of a reentry vehicle to excite the vehicle body for radar or
other applications. Other conventional structures for exciting
missile bodies have generally employed stubs, monopoles, dipoles,
and loops as radiating elements. However, apertures for the
antennas and other discontinuities constructed into the surface of
missile structures for these types of excitation elements often
produce undesirable aerodynamic effects and changes in the missile
radar cross-sectional area which can be extremely detrimental to
the radiation pattern and to the operation of the missile system.
One recent construction in the previous art provided a nose cone
for a re-entry vehicle in which the excitation antenna was recessed
and relocated at or near the base of the nose cone.
The present invention avoids the above mentioned difficulties by
providing an antenna that uses practically no space and can be
conventionally employed on the tip of a projectile and in which the
excitation probe is inserted directly into the nose cone and
provides no obstruction other than a coaxial input plug located on
the inside thereof.
It is therefore one object of the present invention to provide a
new and unique antenna which is small, compact, and efficient and
occupies practically no space whatsoever.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an antenna
which may be designed and fabricated onto existing projectile nose
cone structures, consuming no additional space.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a unique
antenna utilizing practically no space which possesses high
efficiency and broad radiation coverage.
It is yet another additional object of this invention to provide a
new and unique antenna design having low input impedance and good
bandwidth at L band.
These and further objects and advantages of the invention will be
more apparent upon reference to the following specification,
claims, and appended drawings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with this invention a new small, compact, and
efficient antenna is provided which utilizes, in essence, no space
and is conveniently employed on the surface of the nose cone of a
projectile. The antenna is comprised of a coating of conductive
material throughout the inside wall of a nose cone cavity, said
conductive coating extending over the base of said nose cone and
connecting a band of conductive coating extending uniformily around
the base of said nose cone. A coaxial input to said conductive
coating is provided and interconnected to the inside of said nose
cone, diametrical to said coaxial input and centered within the
borders of said outside conductive coating is provided a shorting
post. The antenna is excited by interconnecting a matched coaxial
probe into the coaxial input whereby microwave energy excites the
antenna to radiate along the uncoated outside portion of the
tapered dielectric cone and couple to free space.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The specific nature of the invention as well as other objects,
aspects, uses, and advantages thereof will clearly appear from the
following descriptions and the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the
instant invention.
FIG. 2 shows the radiation pattern of a preferred embodiment of the
antenna in accordance with this invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the voltage standing wave ratio of a cavity
excited conical dielectric radiator as a function of frequency.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of
the cavity excited conical dielectric radiator, generally indicated
at 5, in the form of a conventional nose cone for the vehicle body
having an electrically conductive metallic inner skin or coating
34, said coating 34 extending over the inside edge 33 of the nose
cone and completely interconnecting a similar conductive coating 35
covering the base of the nose cone 10. Partially covering the
outside of said nose cone generally at 5 is conductive coating or
skin 30 which interconnects the coating 35 covering the base and
extends from the outer edge 31 a distant L toward the tip of said
nose cone. This outer coating 30 has a border or terminating edge
32 which extends completely around the nose cone.
The nose cone 10 is comprised of epoxy or other dielectric material
suitable for the particular frequency to be utilized. A coaxial
input connecter is connected to the inside conductive surface 34 of
the dielectric radiator. Dimetrically opposite this coaxial input
is located a shorting post 20. This shorting post extends through
the dielectric nose cone 10 and connects the outer conductive
coating 30 to the inner conductive coating 34.
One specific embodiment of the conical dielectrical radiator 5 is
comprised of an epoxy fiberglass cone whose wall thickness is
three-sixteenths of an inch having a base diameter of 21/4 inches
and a height of 23/4 inches. The conductive metal coating of the
cone is comprised of copper plating. In this embodiment of distant
L is indicated in FIG. 1 is approximately 11/8 inches. The wall
thickness specified is selected such that it optimally matches a 50
ohm input which is interconnected and juxtaposed to the inside
wall. The coaxial probe used to excite the antenna is placed across
the cavity at the proper position for maximum radiation.
This particular preferred embodiment of the antenna when mounted
onto a weapon system provides a radiation pattern as shown in FIG.
2. This pattern Indicates that the entire body is excited and that
the maximum energy is directed toward the rear of the nose cone.
The peak gain is about 2.0 db above an isotropic radiator. This
figure also shows that there is good radiation coverage about the
body of the radiator with a minimum of radiation along the axis
forward and rear. This particular preferred embodiment of the
conical dielectric radiator is resonant at approximately 1.275 MHz.
The voltage standing wave ratio or VSWR is 2.0 to 1.0 or less over
110 MHz as seen in FIG. 3.
It is noteworthy to specify that the design and construction
techniques employed in the development and manufacture of this
particular radiator are relatively simple. More so the overall
fabrication cost is minimum in comparison to other state-of-the-art
antenna designs.
Typically the conductive thin coatings for the radiator may be
either copper, gold, silver, steel or platinum gold. The body
itself may be made of either Teflon, epoxy, plastic, Fiberglas, or
ceramic.
Referring again to the drawings, in FIG. 3 the radial lines such as
represented by line 60 indicate relative power radiated in decibels
or dB. And, the curve traced by line 63 is relative power as a
function of elevation. The curve represented by line 62 is relative
power as a function of azimuthal variation. The vector 61
represents the forward axis of the conical dielectric radiator.
It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the
exact details of construction shown and described herein for
obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the
art.
* * * * *