U.S. patent number 3,798,638 [Application Number 05/224,707] was granted by the patent office on 1974-03-19 for audio responsive light display.
Invention is credited to Sandor F. Goldschmied.
United States Patent |
3,798,638 |
Goldschmied |
March 19, 1974 |
AUDIO RESPONSIVE LIGHT DISPLAY
Abstract
Lamp driver circuitry which permits one or more lamps to be
driven from a battery for a significantly longer duration of time
between battery recharging or replacement than is possible with
prior art driver circuits. The circuit employs two transistors in a
voltage gain arrangement driving the lamps at a voltage slightly
above their nominal rating. Minimum power is drawn by the lamps.
The driver circuits advantageously are incorporated in an audio
responsive light display wherein several sets of lamps are
modulated in response to selected frequency components of an audio
signal.
Inventors: |
Goldschmied; Sandor F.
(Fullerton, CA) |
Family
ID: |
22841824 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/224,707 |
Filed: |
February 9, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
340/815.46;
330/59; 340/333; 340/815.73; 84/464R; 330/278; 327/332 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63J
17/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63J
17/00 (20060101); G08b 005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/366B,333 ;84/464
;330/29,59,131 ;328/175 ;325/303 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Electronics World, April, 1963, pp. 55-58 & 76-77.
|
Primary Examiner: Caldwell; John W.
Assistant Examiner: Wamisky; William M.
Claims
Intending to claim all novel, useful and unobvious features as
shown or described, the applicant:
1. An audio responsive light display comprising:
a dc voltage source,
a first set of lamps,
a first circuit for supplying power to said first set of lamps from
said source in response to a first input signal,
a second set of lamps,
a second circuit for supplying power to said second set of lamps
from said source in response to a second input signal,
each of said first and second circuits including a transistor
amplifier the gain of which is controlled in response to a gain
control bias voltage which is provided in common to both said first
and second circuits,
means providing an audio signal,
filter means for supplying selected frequency portions of said
audio signal as said first and second input signals, said sets of
lamps thereby lighting in frequency response to said audio signal,
and
an automatic gain control circuit including a single input line
receiving a voltage derived from both of said sets of lamps, and
means for providing said gain control bias voltage in inverse
proportion to said derived voltage.
2. A light display according to claim 1 wherein said first and
second circuits each comprise;
a first transistor receiving a respective input signal and
providing voltage gain therefor,
a second transistor of the same conductivity type as said first
transistor and receiving the output thereof, said gain control bias
voltage being applied to the base of said second transistor to
control the amount of additional gain provided thereby, and
a third transistor connected in a follower-type circuit between
said second transistor and said respective set of lamps.
3. A light display according to claim 2 wherein said first and
second transistors are NPN type and wherein said third transistor
is a PNP type, said first set of lamps being connected in the
collector circuit of said third transistor, said voltage source
supplying a positive voltage to the collector of said second
transistor via a series-connected pair of resistors, the base of
said third transistor being connected to the junction of said pair
of resistors.
4. A light display according to claim 3 wherein the collector of
said first transistor is connected to said positive voltage source
via a third resistor and is connected to the base of said second
transistor via a series connected capacitor and fourth
resistor.
5. A light display according to claim 3 wherein said automatic gain
control circuit input line is connected via a resistor to the
junction between each lamp and the associated third transistor
supplying power to that lamp, and having an output line supplying
said gain control bias voltage via a diode to the base of the
second transistor of each lamp supply circuit, the gain control
bias voltage on said output line changing inversely in response to
the voltage on said input line.
6. A light display according to claim 1 wherein said voltage source
comprises:
one or more batteries,
a rectifier connectable between an ac source and said batteries,
said batteries functioning as said voltage source when said ac
source is disconnected, said rectifier providing said voltage
source when said ac source is connected, said batteries functioning
to regulate voltage from said rectifier.
Description
In a preferred embodiment, the light display employs a speaker as
an inexpensive microphone, the output of which is amplified and
provided via separate filter networks to a plurality of lamp driver
circuits. These circuits insure minimum power consumption when the
lamps go on in response to audio signals picked up by the
microphone in the selected frequency ranges. Automatic gain control
prevents saturation to insure that light modulation is relatively
independent of the audio signal level. A novel ac/battery power
supply utilizes the batteries as a voltage regulator for rectified
ac power, and implements charging of the batteries when the display
is off.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to lamp driver circuitry, and to
audio responsive light displays incorporating such circuitry.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Light displays wherein various colored lamps flash on and off or
change intensity in response to an audio signal have gained recent
widespread popularity. When used in conjunction with a radio,
phonograph or other music source, the visual display provides an
added dimension to enjoyment of the music. An objective of the
present invention is to provide such a display wherein one or more
sets of lamps are lit in response to selected frequency components
of the audio signal, with the brightness relatively independent of
signal amplitude. The result is a pleasing display synchronized
with the music or other audio source.
Particularly advantageous would be a battery operated light
display. However, prior art devices of this type had relatively
high current drain, severely limiting how long the device could
operate without replacing or recharging the batteries. The driver
transistor used to control the lamp often was driven into
saturation so that each lamp drew maximum current for the entire
time that it was lit. Maximum battery drain resulted. A principal
objective of the present invention is to provide a lamp driver
circuit which minimizes current drawn by the lamps, so that when
used in an audio responsive or other display, the device can be
battery operated for a significantly longer period of time than is
possible with prior art circuitry.
Another object is to provide a light display including a microphone
providing the audio signal. When battery operated, such a unit is
self-contained and will provide audio synchronized lighting effects
with no wired connections either for signal or power.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
These and other objectives are implemented by an audio responsive
display system employing a driver circuit which minimizes current
drain of the lamps while in effect providing voltage amplification.
The lamp is driven at a voltage greater than its nominal rating
supplied by two transistor stages each providing voltage gain. The
second transistor is of low current capability and a third
transistor of opposite conductivity type is used to drive the lamp
in a follower-type circuit. The lamp draws less power than if
driven by a prior art circuit.
An audio responsive light display is implemented using one or more
of these circuits to drive sets of lamps. Appropriate filter
networks supply to the driver circuits selected frequency
components of an input audio signal provided by a loudspeaker
frunctioning as an inexpensive microphone.
Other features of the circuit include automatic gain control
sensitive to the maximum intensity of any of the lamps in the
display, and operative simultaneously to control the gain of all of
the lamp driver circuits. A power supply utilizes either batteries
or an ac source. When connected to the ac source, the batteries
provide voltage regulation when the light responsive display is in
use, and are recharged when the display itself is turned off.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Still other objects, features, and attendant advantages of the
present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art
from a reading of the following detailed description of the
preferred embodiments constructed in accordance therewith, taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein like numerals
designate like parts in the several figures and wherein:
FIG. 1 is an electrical schematic diagram of an audio responsive
light display in accordance with the present invention, including
automatic gain control and an ac/battery power supply.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The following detailed description is of the best presently
contemplated mode of carrying out the invention. This description
is not to be taken in a limiting sense but is made merely for the
purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention
since the scope of the invention best is defined by the appended
claims.
Circuitry 59 for an audio responsive light display utilizing the
present invention is shown in FIG. 1. The display may be contained
in a housing (not shown) having a transluscent front panel. Mounted
within the housing are a plurality of lamps 60a, 60b, 60c which are
lit in response to an audio signal detected by a speaker 24'
mounted in the housing and utilized as an inexpensive microphone.
The circuit 59 may be mounted on a board within the housing, and
used to drive the lamps 60a, 60b, 60c in response to an audio
signal derived from the speaker 24'.
As described below, various of the lamps 60a, 60b, 60c are driven
in response to different frequency components of the detected audio
signal; such lamps may be provided with differently colored
filters. The result is an unusual display related to frequencies
present in the audio signal, and relatively independent of the
amplitude of that signal. Use of the inventive circuitry enables
the display to operate with batteries 125 such as ordinary
flashlight cells for a considerably longer duration of time than is
possible with prior art light displays.
Referring to FIG. 1 the three sets of lamps 60a, 60b, 60c are
driven in response to different frequency components of an audio
signal derived from a speaker 24' functioning as a microphone. This
audio signal is amplified by a circuit including three transistors
61, 62, 63 and supplied on a line 64. Separate gain controls 65,
66, 67 connect the amplified signal line 64 to the circuits 68a,
68b, 68c which drive the respective lamps 60a, 60b, 60c.
A filter network comprising a capacitor 69 and a resistor 70
couples only high frequency audio components to the lamp driver
circuit 68a. Intermediate frequency components are coupled to the
driver circuit 68b by a filter network comprising a pair of
capcitors 71, 72 and a resistor 73, while low frequency components
of the audio signal on the line 64 are coupled to the lamp driver
circuit 68c by a filter network comprising a pair of capacitors 74,
75 and a resistor 76. The values of the components 69 through 76
are appropriately chosen to establish the passbands to the
respective lamp driver circuits 68a, 68b, 68c. For example these
passbands may be centered at 6 kHz, 1,800 Hz and 400 Hz to provide
an attractive display.
The typical driver circuit 68c includes a transistor 80c providing
amplification for the low frequency audio components. Collector
voltage is supplied from a positive buss 81 via a resistor 82c, and
a resistor 83c provides base bias for the transistor 80c. The
amplified signal is supplied to a second transistor 84c via a
coupling capacitor 85c, a line 86c, a diode 87c, a bypass capacitor
88c and a resistor 89c.
When the transistor 84c is driven into conduction, current is drawn
through a pair of resistors 90c, 91c connected in series between
the voltage buss 81 and the collector of the transistor 84c. As a
result, the voltage at the junction of the resistors 90c, 91c
becomes less positive, turning on a PNP transistor 93c connected
between the positive buss 81 and a line 94c to the lamps 60c. The
lamps 60a go on. The amount of current drawn by the lamps 60c is
minimized by the operation of the circuit 68c.
A significant feature of the driver circuit 68c concerns the
voltage gain of the various transistors. Presence of an input
signal in the appropriate frequency range causes the transistor 80c
to go on; the voltage measured from the transistor 80c collector to
ground typically may be 2.5 volts with 7.2 volts supplied on the
line 81. The transistor 84c may provide a 3 to 1 voltage gain, so
that the voltage measured from the transistor 84c collector to
ground will be about 7.5 volts. Since the transistor 84c does not
directly supply current to the lamps 60c, a very inexpensive, low
current transistor such as a Motorola type 2N3903 can be used.
The transistor 93c provides some gain, but primarily provides
current to the lamps 60c. Typically the voltage measured from the
transistor 93c collector to ground, i.e., across the lamps 60c,
will be between 7 and 8 volts. The nominal voltage rating of each
lamp 60c preferably is less than this measured voltage. As a
result, relatively less current will be drawn by the lamps 60c than
were the lamps either connected directly across the power supply or
driven by the prior art circuit of FIG. 1. For example, a lamp 60c
rated at 6 volts, 40 ma may draw about 25 ma when driven at between
7 and 8 volts. Despite the reduced power consumption, the lamps 60c
will light up to full brightness in response to an appropriate
input audio signal.
The lamp driven circuits 68a, 68b operate in the same manner as the
circuit 68c. By using such driver circuits, the audio responsive
light display 59 can operate on a set of batteries for a much
longer period of time between recharging or battery replacement
than is possible using prior art circuitry.
The circuit 59 (FIG. 1) also includes automatic gain control
enabling the light displaying to operate over a wide range of audio
signal amplitude levels. This automatic gain control (AGC) is
implemented by a circuit generally designated 100 including a pair
of transisotrs 101, 102. Input to the circuit 100 is via an AGC
input buss 103 connected to the lines 94a, 94b, 94c by the
respective resistors 104a, 104b, 104c. Thus the voltage on the line
103 is indicative of the maximum voltage level supplied to any of
the lamps 60a, 60b, 60c. The automatic gain control circuit 100
includes an AGC output line 105 connected to each of the lamp
driver circuits 68a, 68b, 68c.
When none of the lamps 60a, 60b, 60c are lit, voltage on the input
line 103 is at a minimum, and the AGC output voltage on the line
105 is at a maximum. This AGC output voltage is supplied via the
respective diodes 106a, 106b, 106c to the respective line 86a, 86b,
86c resulting in maximum gain for the respective driver circuits
68a, 68b, 68c.
Should any of the lamps 60a, 60b, 60c be lit, a higher voltage will
be present on the line 103. This voltage will tend to bias the
transistor 101 to a lower conduction level. As a result, the
voltage across a pair of resistors 107, 108 series connected
between the collector of transistor 101 and ground will decrease.
Since the junction of the resistors 107, 108 is connected to the
base of the transistor 102, that transistor will tend to go off,
reducing the voltage level on the line 105. As a result, the gain
of all three lamp driver circuits 68a, 68b, 68c will decrease. The
response time of the AGC circuit 100 is effected by a capacitor 109
connected between the base and collector of the transistor 101.
Additional base bias for the transistor 101 is provided via a
resistor 110 from the positive voltage buss 81.
The automatic gain control circuit 100 functions to insure that
turn-on of the lamps 60a, 60b, 60c is relatively independent of the
amplitude level of the detected signal. Thus if a relatively loud
signal is picked up by the microphone 24', the presence of certain
frequency components will cause one or more of the lamps 60a, 60b,
60c to light up. As one of these lamps reaches its maximum
intensity, the AGC circuit 100 will decrease the gain of all of the
lamp drivers 68a, 68b, 68c thereby effectively insuring that the
lamps 60a, 60b, 60c will not saturate, but rather will go on and
off only with respect to the presence or absence of corresponding
frequency components in the detected signal.
The audio amplifier portion of the circuit 59 (FIG. 1) includes an
input transformer 112 which couples the microphone 24' output to
the base of the transistor 61. Bias is established by a capacitor
113, and a resistor 114 provides feedback for this first stage of
amplification. Current to the transistor 61 is provided via a
potentiometer 115 which functions as a master gain control for the
device 60.
Input to the second stage of amplification is derived from the
master gain control 115 tap which is connected via a resistor 116
and a capacitor 117 to the base of the transistor 62. The collector
of the transistor 62 is connected to ground via a load resistor
118, and back to the base via a feedback resistor 119. Output from
the transistor 62 collector also is supplied directly to the base
of the transistor 63 which functions as an emitter follower driving
the line 64. A resistor 120 provides interstage isolation, and a
capacitor 121 filters the voltage supplied to the transistors 61,
62. An externally supplied audio signal may be connected to the
circuit 59 via terminals 122 associated with the capacitor 117. In
this instance, the light display 20 will be responsive to the
externally supplied signal, which may originate from a radio or
phonograph.
In the embodiment of FIG. 1, a unique power supply facilitates
operation of the circuit 59 either by batteries 125 or from an ac
source connected via the terminals 126. The batteries 125 may
comprise six flashlight D cells in series. The batteries 125 are
connected to the positive buss 81 via an on-off switch 127. When no
ac source is connected to the terminals 126, the batteries 125 will
power the circuit 59. With ac connected and the switch 127 on
(i.e., closed), the batteries 125 function to regulate the
rectified ac voltage. With the switch 127 off, the batteries 125
will recharge continuously.
To accomplish this, a step down transformer 128 is connected
between the ac source terminals 126 and a bridge rectifier 129. The
negative output terminal of the bridge 129 is grounded, and the
positive terminal is connected via a diode 130 and a resistor 131
to the positive terminal of the batteries 125. Filtering is
provided by a capacitor 132.
* * * * *