U.S. patent number 3,798,417 [Application Number 05/378,698] was granted by the patent office on 1974-03-19 for heating element assembly.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Gould Inc.. Invention is credited to W. Ray Bittner.
United States Patent |
3,798,417 |
Bittner |
March 19, 1974 |
HEATING ELEMENT ASSEMBLY
Abstract
An electric heating assembly for a moving air system is
described in which heating elements include thin strips of
apertured, foil-like material. These elements are supported in
linear reaches and arranged for an efficient element-to-space
occupation ratio. The foil of the elements is a mesh that is
supported in linear reaches by a plurality of insulators which are
adjustably connected to a support rod. When the insulators are
fixed in position, they rigidly immobilize the foil relative to the
rod. According to one aspect of the invention, the linear reaches
are flat. According to another aspect of the invention, the linear
reaches are provided with a longitudinal fold to thereby stiffen
the reach and minimize the number of supporting insulators along
the reach.
Inventors: |
Bittner; W. Ray (Cookeville,
TN) |
Assignee: |
Gould Inc. (Chicago,
IL)
|
Family
ID: |
23494189 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/378,698 |
Filed: |
July 12, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/532; 219/537;
219/552; 338/318; 219/542; 338/316; 392/347 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05B
3/32 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H05B
3/22 (20060101); H05B 3/32 (20060101); H05b
003/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/375,376,532,536,537,542,549,552,553 ;338/316,318,319
;13/25 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Mayewsky; Volodymyr Y.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sachs; Edward E.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A resistance heating element comprising:
a. support rod means;
b. a plurality of insulators connected to said support rod means
and angularly related thereto, said insulators being substantially
symmetrical about said support rod means;
c. connecting means including clips between said support rod means
and each insulator preventing axial and rotational movement of each
insulator relative to said support rod means; and
d. thin strips of apertured, foil-like, electrical resistance
material retained and supported by said insulators on either side
of the support rod means in linear reaches between adjacent
insulators.
2. A resistance heating element as set forth in claim 1, wherein
said resistance material is attached to said insulators by clips
extending through said material and through aperture means in said
insulators to clamp said resistance material to said
insulators.
3. A resistance heating element as set forth in claim 1, wherein
each linear reach is defined by a plane parallel to the
longitudinal axis of said support rod means.
4. A resistance heating element as set forth in claim 1, wherein
said insulators are rectangular and are substantially perpendicular
to said support rod means and the resistance material is
immobilized in a plane along one edge of said insulators.
5. A resistance heating element according to claim 1 wherein each
strip of said foil-like, electrical resistance material has at
least one axially extending longitudinal corrugation along its
length.
6. A resistance heating element as set forth in claim 5, wherein
said insulators include inwardly extending slot means in at least
one end thereof and wherein said resistance material is received
within said slot means.
7. A resistance heating element according to claim 5, wherein said
insulators include inwardly extending slot means in at least one
end thereof and wherein a portion of said resistance material is
received and immobilized within said slot means and another portion
of said material is folded over and immobilized on one edge of said
insulator to form said corrugation.
8. A resistance heating element according to claim 1 wherein each
insulator has
inwardly extending slot means in at least one end thereof and
wherein each strip of apertured, foil-like, electrical resistance
material is trained in a first linear reach over one edge of each
insulator, then in a second parallel linear reach through said slot
means, and then in a third parallel linear reach over a second
opposite edge of each insulator.
9. A resistance heating element assembly according to claim 1
wherein said support rod means includes a plurality of spaced,
parallel support rods fixed at one end to a base plate, a plurality
of said insulators connected to each support rod and angularly
related thereto, connecting means including said clips between each
support rod and its insulators preventing axial and rotational
movement of each insulator relative to its support rod, said thin
strips of apertured, foil-like, electrical resistance material
being retained and supported by the insulators on each support rod
in linear reaches, and including means electrically connecting a
linear reach of resistance material retained and supported along
the insulators of one support rod to a linear reach of resistance
material retained and supported along the insulators of another
support rod, and means for spacing and retaining the other ends of
the support rods.
10. A resistance heating element assembly comprising:
a. support rod means;
b. a plurality of insulators fixed to said support rod means and
angularly related thereto, said insulators being substantially
symmetrical about said support rod means;
c. connecting means between said support rod means and each
insulator preventing axial and rotational movement of each
insulator relative to said support rod means, said connecting means
comprising a V-shaped clip having apertures in each leg of the V
through which said support rod passes, said legs being biased apart
to grip said support rod; and
d. thin strips of apertured; foil-like electrical resistance
material retained and supported by said insulators on either side
of the support rod means.
11. A resistance heating assembly according to claim 10, wherein
said support rod is serrated and wherein said legs engage said
serrations.
12. A resistance heating assembly according to claim 10, wherein
said insulator comprises an insulation block and wherein an
extended apex portion of said V-shaped clip is clamped over said
block to fix said insulator to said connecting means, and therefore
to said support rod.
13. A resistance heating element as set forth in claim 10, wherein
said electric resistance material is retained and supported by said
insulators in linear reaches between adjacent insulators.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to an electric resistance
heating assembly and, more particularly, to an electric resistance
heating assembly which includes thin strips of foil-like material
and which is adapted to be employed in moving air systems.
Prior art electric resistance heating elements are commonly
constructed either by utilizing a flat, self-supporting, expanded
metal strip which is secured between two supporting members, or by
using a coiled wire arrangement which is supported at intermediate
locations by means of ceramic bearing mounts surrounding the coiled
wire.
The conventional coiled wire construction, however, has a low
surface area and a high mass compared to a foil-like material. The
high mass leads to a relatively high raw material cost, while the
low surface area contributes to reduced heating and cooling
efficiency. As a consequence of the high raw material cost, a
constant effort is made to minimize the amount of material used by
deliberately operating the element at as high a temperature as
possible, often well into the red heat range. The operation of the
element at the high temperature level has at least two detrimental
consequences. The areas of restricted air flow (inside the ceramic
bushings) become overheated and are prone to failure; secondly, the
efficiency of convective air heating is decreased as a significant
amount of the energy is spent in radiant heating the solids
surrounding the element. The low surface area-to-mass ratio also
causes a slow heat-up and cooling rate.
Prior art self-supporting expanded metal strips comprising long
reaches which are secured between only two supporting members are
subject to excessive sagging at operating temperatures.
To overcome these disadvantages found in the prior art, an expanded
metal heating element has been proposed which is composed of
corrugations establishing a wavy pattern to provide at least the
same electrical characteristics as prior art devices but with a
considerable saving in raw material. Such a device is set forth in
U.S. Pat. No. 3,651,304. A heating element which has these wavy
corrugations and which is supported by skewering a rod through the
resistive foil presents other potential problems. Since the strip
is skewered by the support rod, it may have a tendency to rotate
about the rod and/or to move axially relative to the rod. Axial
displacement may tend to collapse some of the corrugations into
contact with adjacent corrugations, thereby shorting out a portion
of the circuit, while any rotational movement of the element
relative to the support rod may cause the element to contact the
surrounding housing structure.
Other considerations that raise problems with wavy or sagging
conductors are space requirements. It is often necessary to install
the resistive foil element as close as possible to the containing
structure to ensure a close packing of elements, or to meet design
limitations on space. A corrugated or sagging conductor may contact
other closely packed elements or the containing structure, and
requires a substantially wider space than does a linear, supported
conductor.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention overcomes these prior art problems by providing an
assembly with a plurality of elements, with each element being
formed by linear reaches or strips of a foil-like resistive
conductor immobilized along the length of a supporting rod by
adjustable insulating bars at substantially regular intervals.
These immobilizing insulating bars prevent axial or rotational
movement of the conductive strips of foil to ensure that separate
conductors neither short together nor come in contact with the
supporting structure or the assembly's containment.
By the regular placement of the insulating bars along the support
rod, sagging along the linear reaches is minimized in order to
present a moving air stream with a plane of resistive heating foil
that is substantially perpendicular to the direction of its
movement. This orientation allows substantially uniform heat
transfer to the air as it passes through the mesh openings in the
foil.
When a plurality of these elements are combined in a heating
assembly, a spacing plate is provided to immobilize the supporting
rod of each element. The spacing plate adds durability and rigidity
to the entire assembly, and prevents electrical contact between
adjacent elements.
Another embodiment of the invention provides for the immobilization
of more than one linear reach on each side of the insulating bars.
The space requirements for a heater element of this kind are
minimal, while the element has a significantly greater amount of
resistive foil area with which to heat.
According to a further aspect of the invention, the linear reaches
of resistance material are provided with a longitudinal corrugation
or fold to thereby stiffen the reach and minimize the number of
supporting insulators along the reach.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a plan view of an assembly according to one aspect of the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of the assembly of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged, fragmentary, perspective view of a portion
of the assembly illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of an assembly according to a
further aspect of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the assembly of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged, fragmentary, perspective view of a portion
of the assembly illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5; and
FIGS. 7 through 9 are enlarged, fragmentary, perspective views of
assemblies illustrating the mounting of straight but linearly
corrugated foil conductors according to further aspects of the
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 through 3, there is shown an electric
heating element assembly 10. The assembly 10 has a plurality of
electrically connected elements 12a, 12b, and 12c spaced in a
generally regular manner and forming three separate rows or
circuits on a mounting plate 18. The rows formed on the mounting
plate 18 by the elements 12a-12c present substantially parallel
planes of heating element surface so that a source of moving air
impinging perpendicularly on one such plane does so also on all
elements in a row and on all such rows. The number of elements in a
row and the number of rows depend upon the electrical and space
requirements of the particular assembly.
Each element 12a-12c includes a support rod 14, a plurality of
insulators 32 adjustably fixed along the length of the rod, and
linear reaches of heating element foil strips 30 immobilized by the
insulators. The support rods 14 are made of aluminized steel and
have L-shaped feet welded to the mounting plate 18 to provide a
strong and rigid support for the elements 12a-12c. The support rods
14 extend through openings 20 in a spacing plate 16.
The spacing plate 16 prevents the elements 12a-12c in each row from
moving laterally and contacting each other, thereby shorting out
part of their own circuit, and, equally important, it prevents
elements in adjacent rows from contacting and shorting out other
circuits.
Each row forms essentially a resistance circuit through which
current flows to heat the foil strips 30, with each row having its
own terminals 21 for the supply and return of A.C. current. This
resistance circuit is formed by connecting the linear reaches of
the foil strip 30 in series with each other across a row of
elements by connecting conductors 31. Some of the connecting
conductors 31 attach each element of a row in series circuit, while
the others join the foil strips 30 of each element into the
circuit.
The terminals 21 have ceramic bushings 22 to keep the mounting
plate at zero potential, since the mounting plate, when installed
into a working environment, usually will contact supporting
structure that is at ground potential. A bolt conductor 24 passes
through each bushing 22 and a hole in the mounting plate 18.
Locking nuts 26 are provided on the bolt threads to hold the
assembly together.
Each element 12a-12c of the assembly 10 has at least one linear
reach of the foil strip 30 which has electric resistance
characteristics. This foil material is more fully described in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,651,305, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein
by reference. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 3,
each element includes two foil reaches which are retained and
supported by the insulators 32 spaced along each support rod 14.
The insulators 32 are preferably made from a ceramic, such as
steatite, and have strip attaching means on either side of the
support rod 14. The foil strips 30 are immobilized along the rods
18 by wire clips 46 which extend through openings in the mesh of
the foil strips 30 and insulator holes 48 to immobilize the strip
of foil. Grooves 49 may be cut in the insulators 32 to act as
guides, while the clip is pushed toward the insulator holes 48 to
facilitate installation.
The strips are immobilized in substantially linear reaches by
spacing the insulators 32 in generally parallel planes and by
providing connecting means between the insulators and the support
rod to prevent axial and rotational movement of the insulators.
Each such connecting means comprises a V-shaped clip 34 having a
pair of legs 36 which flare outwardly from a clamping portion 38 of
the clip. The insulator has restraining projections 40 which
prevent lateral movement of the insulator in the clamping portion
38 of the clip 34. The legs 36 of the clip 34 have apertures 42
which correspond to the cross section of the rod 14 so that the
support rod may be passed therethrough.
Each insulator 32 is mounted on the rod 14 by first clamping it
within the clamping portion 38. The clip 34 may then be positioned
at a desired location on the rod 14 by pressing the legs 36
together and inserting the rod through the apertures 42. When the
desired location is reached, the legs are released so that they
spring back to their illustrated position, thereby preventing
further axial movement of the insulator 32 along the rod.
Clip-engaging serrations or notches 44 are provided to securely
hold the edges of the apertures 42 in place. After all of the
insulators are mounted on a support rod and after the strips 30 are
attached thereto by the wire clips 46, any strip slack between
adjacent insulators may be taken up by sequentially adjusting the
insulators along the support rod in a direction away from the
terminals.
In FIGS. 4 through 6 there is illustrated an electric heating
element 60. The element 60 includes a mounting or base plate 61, a
support rod 62 welded thereto at one end, a plurality of insulators
63 immobilized along the extent of the support rod and angularly
related thereto, and straight reaches of heating element foil
strips 64 and 65 immobilized on the insulators. As may be seen most
clearly in FIG. 6, each insulator 63 is affixed to the support rod
62 by a V-shaped clip 66 which is similar to the clip 34
illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 3. The support rod is provided with
serrations 67 to ensure immobilization of the clip, and therefore
the insulator thereon. Each insulator 63 is provided with a
V-shaped notch 68 which straddles the support rod 62 and is further
provided with inwardly extending slots 69 and 70.
Each strip 64 and 65 is continuous and is associated with and
immobilized by the insulator 63 in such a manner as to form three
flat, parallel reaches 64a, 64b, 64c, and 65a, 65b, 65c,
respectively. One end of the reach 64c is electrically connected to
a terminal 70 and extends in a straight run along all of the
insulators 63 and is attached to each insulator by wire clips 71
which extend through the foil mesh and through apertures 72 in the
insulators. At the end of this run, the heating foil is wrapped
about a portion of the last insulator 63 through its slot 69 and
then continues as the straight reach 64b while passing through all
of the remaining apertures 69 in the insulator 63. When the reach
64b reaches the last insulator 63, it is wrapped about a portion of
that insulator and then continues as the straight reach 64a until
it reaches the insulator most remote from the terminal 70. The
reach 64a is attached to all of the insulators 63 by wire clips 71,
which extend through the foil mesh and through aperture 72 in the
insulators. At that end of the reach 64a, the strip 64 is
electrically connected to the strip 65 by a conductor 75 which
bridges the clip 66. The strip 65 is trained between the conductor
75 and a terminal 76 in a manner identical with the path of the
strip 64 to form the reaches 65a-65b. Thus, it may be seen that
when the terminals 70 and 76 are connected to a power source, a
resistance circuit results.
Turning now to FIGS. 7 through 9, strip immobilizing and strip
configuration techniques according to further aspects of this
invention are illustrated. In FIG. 7, a portion of a heating
element assembly includes a support rod 80 having an insulator 81
fixed thereto by a V-shaped clip 82 similar to the clips 34 and 66.
Foil heating strips 83 and 84 are supported and immobilized by the
insulator 81 and other insulators (not shown) are provided along
the length of the rod 80 to support the strips 83 and 84 in
straight reaches. It is to be noted, however, that while the strips
83 and 84 constitute straight reaches, they are axially bent or
corrugated and are received in pockets 85 cut into the ends of the
insulator. By providing a longitudinal corrugation in the straight
reaches, the foil is thereby rigidified to minimize any tendency
for the foil to sag between insulators. Furthermore, fewer
insulators may be provided, if desired, by providing a greater
spacing between insulators.
In FIG. 8, there is illustrated a portion of a heating element
having a support rod 86 and an insulator 87 attached thereto by a
V-shaped clip 88. Straight reaches of foil strips 89 and 90 are
immobilized by the insulator 87. Although the strips 89 and 90 form
straight reaches between adjacent insulators, they are
longitudinally folded or corrugated and received in circular
apertures 91 in the ends of the insulator to rigidify the straight
reaches between insulators.
Referring now to FIG. 9, there is illustrated a heating element
according to a further aspect of this invention. The heating
element includes a support rod 92, an insulator 93 affixed thereto
by a V-shaped clip 94, and straight reaches of resistance foil
strip 95 and 96 fixed to the ends of the insulator. The strips 95
and 96 extend in straight reaches between adjacent insulators, but
are longitudinally corrugated to rigidify the strips and prevent
sagging between insulators. One leg of each corrugated strip
extends into slots 97 at the ends of the insulators and is
immobilized by a wire clip 98 which passes through the foil mesh
and through an aperture 99 in the insulator. Another leg of the
foil is wrapped over the insulator and is affixed thereto by a wire
clip 100 which passes through the foil mesh and through an aperture
101 in the insulator.
While there have been described what are at present considered to
be the preferred embodiments and aspects of this invention, it will
be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and
modifications may be made therein without departing from the
invention, and it is aimed therefore, in the appended claims, to
cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true
spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *