U.S. patent number 3,797,990 [Application Number 05/301,801] was granted by the patent office on 1974-03-19 for candle.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Avon Products. Invention is credited to Ronald A. Matesevac, Charles Porter, Jack M. Rogers.
United States Patent |
3,797,990 |
Rogers , et al. |
March 19, 1974 |
CANDLE
Abstract
A candle comprising a container having therein a candle wax
layer, a wick extending through said candle wax layer and above the
upper surface thereof, and a safety wax capable of melting at the
temperature generated by the wick but non-flammable at such
temperatures; in the molten state said safety wax having a specific
gravity greater than that of the candle wax.
Inventors: |
Rogers; Jack M. (Fairlawn,
NJ), Porter; Charles (Monroe, NY), Matesevac; Ronald
A. (Tuxedo, NY) |
Assignee: |
Avon Products (Suffern,
NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23164943 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/301,801 |
Filed: |
October 30, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
431/291; 431/288;
D26/6 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F21V
35/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F21V
35/00 (20060101); F23d 003/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;431/288,291 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Dority, Jr.; Carroll B.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Pennie & Edmonds
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A candle comprising a container having therein a candle wax
layer, a safety wax, and a wick in at least said candle wax and
said wick being mounted on a wick clip, said candle wax being of a
material having a lower ignition point than said safety wax, and
said safety wax being of a material which will not normally ignite
from the flame of said candle wax burning on said wick, said safety
wax being present in an amount sufficient to trap flammable charred
material in said container to prevent ignition thereof.
2. The candle of claim 1 comprising a safety wax having temperature
of about 500.degree.-600.degree. F.
3. The candle of claim 2 whereby said safety wax is a composition
comprising from about 1 percent to 4 percent metallic higher fatty
acid soaps and correspondingly from about 99 percent to 96 percent
of high melt microcrystalline wax material.
4. The candle of claim 3 wherein the safety wax comprises from
about 1 percent to about 4 percent aluminum soap and
correspondingly from about 99 percent to 96 percent of high melt
microcrystalline material selected from petroleum, polyethylene,
and vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer waxes.
5. A method of making a candle resistant to flareups which
comprises charging a high viscosity, high ignition temperature
safety wax in addition to fuel wax, wick and other materials into a
container, said fuel wax being of a material having a lower
ignition point than said safety wax, and said safety wax being of a
material which will not normally ignite from the flames of said
fuel wax burning on said wick.
6. The method of claim 5 whereby the safety wax is first charged
into the bottom of the container, the wick and wick clip is placed
on top of the safety wax layer and the candle wax is charged into
the container.
7. The method of claim 6 whereby the safety wax is charged into the
container after the wick and wick clip are placed in the bottom of
the container, but before the candle wax is charged therein.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein said safety wax has an ignition
temperature of about 500.degree.-600.degree. F.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein said safety wax is a composition
comprising from about 1 percent to 4 percent metallic higher fatty
acid soaps and correspondingly from about 99 percent to 96 percent
high melt wax material.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein said safety wax comprises from
about 1 percent to about 4 percent aluminum soap and
correspondingly from about 99 percent to 96 percent of high melt
material selected from petroleum, polyethylene and vinyl
acetate-ethylene copolymer waxes.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Candles of the type comprising a candle wax in a metal or glass
container frequently contain bits of extraneous material, such as
charred portions of wick and matches. As the candle is burned,
these charred materials accumulate and are often ignited by the
burning wick resulting in sudden explosion of flame called
"flaring." This flaring may burn the person who is lighting the
wick or even cause the container to break with the fragments
causing injury to persons nearby. In the past container breakage in
glass containers was mitigated by the use of a nylon or other
plastic or metal netting made to fit snugly around the container.
This approach provided only limited protection to the individuals
in the vicinity of the candle. In addition, although it tended to
hold the candle together, it provided no protection to one who was
actually lighting the candle from burns that a flareup might cause.
Further, the netting often detracted from the appearance of the
candle as any design on the container would be partially
hidden.
The present invention eliminates the need for the nylon netting and
protects the user from being burned when he is lighting or
otherwise in close proximity to the candle.
The object of this invention is to prepare candle compositions
which prevent flaring and its resulting damage to persons and
property.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A safety wax is placed in the bottom of a candle container. The
wick and wick clip are placed either on top of or underneath the
safety wax, and candle wax is then charged into the container. As
the candle burns toward its end, the safety wax melts and mixes
with the candle wax to entrap foreign particles and inhibit the
flow of candle wax to the flame, thus extinguishing the candle and
preventing flareup.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the candle of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2--2 of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing candle having been burned nearly
to the bottom of the container;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the
invention in which the wick clip assembly is beneath the safety
wax;
FIG. 5 is a candle having been burned nearly to the bottom of the
container .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Refer now to FIG. 2 which shows a container and candle materials in
the unburned state. A small portion of safety wax 4 molded into a
form exactly similar to the bottom of the container is placed into
the bottom of the container ahead of the other materials. The wick
clip assembly composed of the wick clip 3 which holds the wick 2 in
position is placed on top of the safety wax. The candle wax is then
placed on top of the safety wax with the wick 2 extending
therethrough.
FIG. 3 demonstrates the operation of the anti-flaring safety wax
configuration. As the candle is burned nearly to the bottom of the
container 1 the safety wax is melted and traps the foreign
particles 7. In this position the proximity of the flame causes the
wick clip 3 to heat up. The hot wick clip melts the surrounding wax
causing the wick clip assembly to sink into the safety wax. In
addition, the direct heat from the flame and the heat transferred
from the already molten candle wax melts the safety wax. The molten
safety wax eventually mixes with the candle wax resulting in an
extremely viscous fluid 6 that traps the foreign particles 7. The
safety wax is of such a composition that when molten it impedes the
flow of the candle wax to the flame eventually causing the flame to
be extinguished.
Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 4 where the
wick clip assembly is placed in the container before the other
waxes. In this embodiment the safety wax 8 is placed on top of the
wick clip 3 with the wick extending through the safety wax. Here,
the safety wax is not in a form similar to that of the container
bottom, but is of a cylindrical shape having a radius approximately
equal to that of the wick clip. This results in the candle wax 5
sharing an interface not only on the upper surface but along the
sidewalls of the safety wax as well.
Similar to the operation in FIG. 3, FIG. 5 portrays the FIG. 4
embodiment in a condition where the candle is burned nearly to the
bottom of the container. Here again the combination of the heat
from the wick clip 3, the flame itself and the candle wax melts the
safety wax. The molten candle wax and safety wax form a viscous
mixture which, as in the first embodiment, entraps foreign
particles and impedes flow of candle wax to eventually extinguish
the flame.
In both the above embodiments the extinguishing and entrapping
characteristics of the container configuration combine to prevent
flaring. By entrapping the foreign particles they are not allowed
to flow toward the flame where they might ignite causing a flareup.
As a necessary complement to the entrapping qualities is the
extinguishing characteristics. If the flame was not extinguished at
some point in the process, the entrapping would be a useless
temporary occurrence as a foreign particle would eventually be
brought in close enough proximity to ignite as the wax neared its
end.
The candle wax material can be any known candle wax such as a
parafin wax and the like.
The entrapping qualities of the safety wax are believed to be a
result of the high viscosity of the resultant molten wax. The
extinguishing qualities are a bit more complex. In operation, as
the safety wax is melted, components of the safety wax such as
fatty acid salts, as described herein below, are drawn in close
proximity to the wick impeding the flow of the candle wax to the
flame. The result of such impediment is the eventual extinguishment
of the flame.
The composition of the safety wax which has been found useful in
substantially preventing flaring and causing extinguishment of the
flame of candles into which it is formed comprises a high melt wax,
such as petroleum microcrystalline waxes, polyethylene waxes,
ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and the like. In addition, the
safety wax can contain small amounts of a metal soap of a higher
fatty acid such as zinc, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, and the
like, salts of oleic, stearic, isostearic, palmitic, acids and the
like. The amounts of said metal fatty acid soap may range from
about 0.5 parts to about 5 parts per 100 parts of the safety wax
with from about 1 part to about 4 parts being preferred. The ratio
of safety wax to candle wax can range from about 4 parts to about 8
parts per 100 parts of candle wax.
The metal soap additive of the safety wax composition can be formed
from any higher fatty acid and preferably from oleic acid and mixed
fatty acids of which oleic acid is the major constituent.
EXAMPLE I
Tests were conducted on both laboratory and production prepared
materials. The candle container was first loaded with 8 parts of
safety wax and subsequently loaded with a wick clip, wick and 100
parts of candle wax. Under the test conditions, the container
candles were loaded with four charred matches and allowed to burn
for 8 hours at a time until all the fuel, candle wax, was consumed,
or flaring took place. The results of the test are shown in the
chart below.
No. Candles % Candles Safety Wax Blend Burned -Flarings None 100
84** 40% Vinyl acetate- 100 16** ethylene resin, 60% Starwax
100.sup.1 100% Starwax 100 100 16** 1% Alumagel (aluminum 10 0*
soap blend of aluminum oleate and aluminum stearate), 99% Starwax
100 1% Alumagel, 99% Starwax 100 100 16** 2% Alumagel, 98% 100 1**
Starwax 100 4% Alumagel, 96% 100 0.0** Starwax 100 .sup.1 A hard
high melt petroleum microcrystalline wax, melting point 180.degree.
- 190.degree.F. * Lab Prepared ** Production Prepared
EXAMPLE II
In the same manner as in Example I, tests are conducted on candle
compositions of Table I in which the aluminum soap blend is
replaced, separately and in turn, by an equivalent amount of each
of the following metal soaps; zinc stearate, zinc isostearate, zinc
palmitate, magnesium stearate and magnesium palmitate, and mixtures
thereof. In each case, the candle compositions containing safety
wax shows decreased flaring similar to the samples of Example
I.
EXAMPLE III
In the same manner as in Example I, tests were conducted on candle
compositions of Table I in which the high melt petroleum wax is
replaced, separately and in turn, with a polyethylene wax and with
40:60 copolymer of ethylene-vinyl acetate. In each case, the candle
compositions containing safety wax shows decreased flaring similar
to the samples of Example I.
It should be emphasized that the safety wax is not limited to the
particular blend described above. Any metal soap having the
required flame temperature will suffice, and these are well known
to those skilled in the art.
The safety wax composition should be capable of melting at
temperatures generated by the wick, wick clip and the candle wax.
The safety wax, in order not to act as an additional fuel element,
must be nonflammable at the temperatures generated. It has been
found that the safety wax compositions of this invention are
substantially nonflammable under the conditions used herein when
the safety wax has an ignition temperature of from about
500.degree. F to about 600.degree. F. Compositions of higher flame
temperatures may be used but are normally not necessary.
The above description is merely the preferred embodiments for
preventing flareup of a container candle. It is not intended by
this description to limit the invention in any way to the described
means. There may be other means available and it is intended that
those means may be used with the invention as embodied in the
claims herein.
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