U.S. patent number 3,797,688 [Application Number 05/262,742] was granted by the patent office on 1974-03-19 for safety cap unit.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Federal Tool & Plastics, a division of VCA Corporation. Invention is credited to Efrem M. Ostrowsky, John C. Porcelli.
United States Patent |
3,797,688 |
Porcelli , et al. |
March 19, 1974 |
SAFETY CAP UNIT
Abstract
The invention relates to a safety cap unit for containers such
as bottles and the like, whereby unauthorized removal of the cap
from the container is prevented. More particularly, it relates to a
closure unit comprising an inner or closure cap which is used to
close the open end of a container cooperatively connected with an
outer or actuator cap superimposed over the inner cap, with
interlocking means between the outer and inner caps to permit the
two caps to be rotated in unison to lock the inner cap as a closure
for the container so that unlocking of the inner cap with respect
to the container takes place only when the outer cap is moved
axially upward relative to the inner cap so that there is an
interengagement between the outer and inner caps. The outer cap has
a top wall surface of such character as to permit it to flex or
give sufficiently to permit interengagement of the outer and inner
caps.
Inventors: |
Porcelli; John C. (Lincolnwood,
IL), Ostrowsky; Efrem M. (Highland Park, IL) |
Assignee: |
Federal Tool & Plastics, a
division of VCA Corporation (Chicago, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
22998839 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/262,742 |
Filed: |
June 14, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
215/220 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
50/041 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
50/00 (20060101); B65D 50/04 (20060101); B65d
055/02 (); A61j 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;215/9,46R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hall; George T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kraus; Max R.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A safety closure device including an inner or closure cap for
application to a container, an outer or actuator cap superimposed
on said inner cap and normally freely rotatable with respect
thereto, means on the top wall of each of said caps securing said
caps against unauthorized axial separation, the top wall of said
outer cap being sufficiently yieldable to permit axial deflection
thereof toward the top wall of the inner cap in response to the
manual application of pulling up of said outer cap relative to said
inner cap, said outer and inner caps having complementary engaging
surfaces on the underside of the top wall of the outer cap and on
the top wall of the inner cap to cause interengagement therebetween
so that the rotation of the outer cap will rotate the inner cap to
secure said inner cap on the container yet permit the outer cap to
be rotated in the opposite direction with respect to the inner cap
without effecting an unsecurement of said inner cap from the
container, said outer and inner caps having interengaging means
which interengage and lock with respect to each other only when the
outer cap is raised relative to said inner cap, thereby flexing the
top wall of said outer cap sufficiently to cause the
interengagement, said caps when thus interengaged adapted to be
rotated in a direction to cause unsecurement of said inner cap
relative to the container.
2. A safety closure as set forth in claim 1 in which the
complementary engaging surfaces are ratchet teeth which cause
rotation of the outer cap in one direction to interlock with the
ratchet teeth on the inner cap to simultaneously rotate the inner
cap in the same direction and permit overriding of the ratchet
teeth relative to each other when rotated in the opposite
direction.
3. A safety closure as set forth in claim 1 in which the inner cap
has an internal thread for engagement with an external thread on
the container for securement of said inner cap to said container,
and in which the outer cap has inwardly extending projections
adjacent the bottom thereof which interengage with the outwardly
extending projections adjacent the bottom of the inner cap when the
outer cap is raised relative to the inner cap.
4. A safety closure as set forth in claim 2 in which the outer cap
has inwardly extending projections adjacent the bottom thereof
which interengage with the outwardly extending projections adjacent
the bottom of the inner cap when the outer cap is raised relative
to the inner cap.
5. A safety closure as set forth in claim 4 in which the top wall
of the outer cap has a central opening and in which the top wall of
the inner cap has a stem extending through the central opening,
which stem is deformed to form a bead to connect the two caps but
to permit rotation of one relative to the other.
6. A safety closure as set forth in claim 5 in which the top wall
of the outer cap is provided with an annular raised surface spaced
radially from the central opening.
7. A safety closure as set forth in claim 3 in which the
complementary engaging surfaces interengage when the outer cap is
rotated in a clockwise direction to simultaneously rotate the inner
cap in the same direction to effect a screwing on of said inner cap
relative to the container and permit an overriding of said ratchet
teeth when the outer cap is rotated counterclockwise without
effecting an unscrewing of the inner cap from the container.
8. A safety closure as set forth in claim 1 in which the outer cap
is formed of a polypropylene plastic material and in which the top
wall of the outer cap is of a thickness to permit flexing of the
central portion of said top wall when the outer cap is manually
raised relative to the inner cap but which top wall will return to
its normal unflexed position when the manual upward pressure is
released from said outer cap to thereby effect disengagement
between said interengaging means which interengage when the outer
cap is raised.
9. A safety closure as set forth in claim 1 in which the
interengaging means which engage when the outer cap is raised are
positioned adjacent the bottom of the inner and outer caps and are
normally positioned a distance from each other so that there is no
interference therebetween during the normal rotation of the outer
cap relative to the inner cap.
Description
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is recognized that there is a potential hazard, particularly for
young children, if they are able to remove the closure cap from a
bottle or other container which may contain medicine, a toxic
material, or the like. It is therefore an object of this invention
to provide a safety cap unit comprising an inner cap and an outer
cap which may be operated in unison to readily secure the inner cap
to the neck of the bottle or container but which inner cap cannot
be unthreaded or disengaged from the neck of the bottle or
container unless an upward manual pressure or pull is applied
against the outer cap to produce an interengagement between the
outer and inner caps so that they operate in unison to thereby
disengage the inner cap from the container. The structure is such
that upon release of the manual pressure against the outer cap it
will return to its normal position for subsequent application. A
child under the age of six would not have the strength to apply
sufficient manual pressure to pull up the outer cap relative to the
inner cap, even if he understood the operation of the structure,
thus, the cap is a safety factor against use by children who would
normally not have the strength to operate the unit.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the closure device forming
this invention.
FIG. 2 is a view showing it applied to a bottle or container.
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the inner and outer caps,
with the outer cap broken away to show the interior thereof.
FIG. 4 is a plan view taken on line 4--4 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken on line 5--5 of FIG. 3.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the outer or actuator cap prior to
assembly with the inner or closure cap.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the inner or closure cap prior to
assembly with the outer cap.
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the two caps in assembled relation
and interengaged, as when rotated clockwise to screw the inner cap
to the container.
FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing the position of the outer cap in
relation to the inner cap when the outer cap is rotated
counterclockwise and overrides the inner cap, and
FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing the outer cap raised or moved
upward relative to the inner cap to effect interengagement at the
lower ends of said caps to permit counterclockwise rotation and
unscrewing of the inner cap from the container.
The safety closure, generally indicated at 12, consists essentially
of two cap members with interengaging means. The inner or closure
cap is generally indicated at 14. The outer or actuator cap is
generally indicated at 16 and it is superimposed over the inner
cap. The caps are provided with interengaging elements and means
whereby rotation of the outer or actuator cap 16 in a clockwise
direction will simultaneously rotate the inner or closure cap 14 in
a similar direction to effect a screwing on of the inner or closure
cap 14 on the container, yet the outer or actuator cap 16 is freely
rotatable counterclockwise relative to the inner or closure cap 14
until such time that the outer or actuator cap is manually lifted
or elevated relative to the inner cap, although axially connected
thereto, so that both caps can be rotated counterclockwise
simultaneously to effect an unscrewing of the inner cap relative to
the container.
The inner or closure cap 14 has an annular vertical wall or skirt
18 and a top wall 20 integrally formed therewith. The interior of
the annular wall or skirt 18 is provided with a continuous internal
thread 22 whereby the inner cap 14 engages the externally threaded
neck of a bottle or container 24 for the purpose of closing the
opening of the container. The top wall 20 of the inner cap 14 is
provided with a centrally positioned post or stem 26 whereby it is
connected to the outer cap, as will be more fully described
hereinafter.
The outer surface of the top wall 20 of the inner cap 14 is
provided with spaced ratchet teeth 28, all of which are inclined in
the same direction. Each ratchet tooth has an inclined or sloping
top surface 30 and a vertical edge 32 adjacent the high point of
the slope. The ratchet teeth 28 are positioned adjacent the
periphery of the annular wall or skirt 18. The upper portion of the
vertical wall or skirt 18 adjacent the top is serrated or knurled
as at 34.
The annular skirt 18 of the inner cap is provided adjacent the
bottom thereof with outwardly extending spaced projections 36 which
are generally in the form of spaced vertically extending ribs
positioned around the bottom of the skirt which provide intervening
spaces 38 between the ribs. The ribs 36 each have their opposite
corners rounded as at 39 with the top 40 of the rib sloping
downwardly and outwardly.
The outer or actuator cap 16 has an annular skirt portion 42, the
outer surface of which is provided with spaced ribs or serrations
44 for non-slip manual gripping. The outer cap 16 has an integrally
formed top wall 46 with a central opening 48. The underside of the
top wall 46 is provided with a plurality of spaced ratchet teeth
50, all sloping or inclined in the same direction, which are
complementary to the ratchet teeth 28 on the inner cap. The
interior wall of the skirt of the outer cap 16 adjacent the bottom
thereof is provided with a continuous annular inwardly extending
surface or lip 52 and is further provided with spaced inwardly
extending projections 54 around the inner surface thereof. The
central opening 48 of the outer or actuator cap 16 is bounded by an
annular raised or ring portion 56 and spaced outwardly therefrom is
another annular raised or ring portion 58 which extends above the
top plane of the ring 56.
The inner and outer caps 14 and 16 are secured together as a unit
by passing the central stem or post 26 of the inner cap through the
opening 48 of the outer cap 16 and then spin-welding or otherwise
deforming the top of the stem or post 26, as best seen in FIG. 8,
to form an annular bead 60 which engages the inner ring 56 and
couples the inner and outer caps relative to each other to prevent
an axial separation therebetween. The caps, however, are rotative
relative to each other.
One of the important features of this invention is that the top
wall 46 of the outer or actuator cap 16 is of such character that
under pressure it will flex inwardly, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
This pressure is exerted against the top wall 46 when the outer cap
16 is manually raised relative to the inner cap, such as when it is
desired to couple the outer and inner caps to each other when
unscrewing the inner cap from the container. It is preferred that
the outer or actuator cap 16 be made of a polypropylene material so
that the top wall 46 will have a sufficient "give" or flexing
quality when it is needed to be operated. The inner or closure cap
14 may be made of a medium impact material, such as polystyrene.
Further, by varying the thickness of the top wall 46 of the outer
cap the proper amount of flexing that is desired may be obtained,
that is, by providing a top wall 46 of certain thicknesses, the
amount of upward pressure that has to be exerted on the outer cap
to operate the inner or closure cap can be controlled and regulated
to the extent desired. For example, if it is desired that a greater
physical effort be applied to couple the outer cap to the inner cap
to unscrew the inner cap from the container then a thicker wall top
surface would be utilized and, conversely, if it is desired to make
it easier to lift the outer cap relative to the inner cap then the
top wall can be of a reduced thickness. Thus, the proper strength
that has to be applied for unscrewing the inner or closure cap from
the container can be controlled and regulated to the extent
desired.
OPERATION
With the two caps secured together forming the safety closure unit
12, the caps will normally be in the position shown in FIG. 8, in
which the bottom of the skirt of the inner cap 14 is spaced above
the bottom of the skirt of the outer cap 16 and the ribs 36 of the
inner cap are not in engagement with the projections 54 on the
outer cap 16. When it is desired to apply the inner or closure cap
14 to close the container the unit is positioned so that the
closure cap 14 is in engagement with the neck of the bottle or
container and then the outer or actuator cap 16 is rotated
clockwise. The ratchet teeth 50 on the actuator cap 16 and the
ratchet teeth 28 on the inner or closure cap 14 will be in
engagement and the ratchet teeth of the two will interlock so that
rotation of the actuator cap 16 will simultaneously rotate the
closure cap 14 so that the closure cap 14 screws on to the
container and closes the container opening. After the closure cap
14 has sealed the container opening, a further clockwise rotation
of the actuator cap 16 obviously will not impart any further
sealing of the closure cap on the container.
Rotating the actuator cap 16 in a counterclockwise direction, as
shown in FIG. 9, will cause the ratchet teeth 50 of the actuator
cap to override the ratchet teeth 28 on the closure cap 14 and no
rotative movement will be imparted to the inner closure cap 14.
Thus, rotation of the actuator cap 16 counterclockwise will not
cause an unscrewing of the closure cap 14 from the container. The
only way to effect an unscrewing of the closure cap 14 from the
container would be to manually engage the actuator cap 16 and lift
or raise it relative to the closure cap 14. The lifting of the
actuator cap 16 will cause the top wall 46 of the actuator cap to
"give" or flex inwardly, as shown in FIG. 10, thereby raising the
skirt 42 of the actuator cap relative to the closure cap 14
sufficiently so that the inward projections 54 at the bottom of the
actuator cap engage the outwardly extending projections or ribs 36
on the bottom of the closure cap 14 of this couples the two caps
together, so that by rotating the actuator cap 16 counterclockwise
a simultaneous unitary action will be imparted to the inner closure
cap 14 and thereby the inner cap can be unthreaded or unscrewed
from the container. When the upward manual pressure or pull on the
outer cap is released, the flexed top wall 46 of the actuator cap
16 will return to its normal unflexed position, as shown in FIG. 8,
and the two caps will be ready to be operated in the manner
previously described so that it can again be applied to close the
container and then removed from the container in the manner
described.
It will be understood that the outer or actuator cap may be formed
of a suitable metal or like material in which the top wall has the
flexing properties herein described and that such an outer cap may
be used with an inner cap either molded of plastic material or made
of a metal.
There is thus provided a safety cap of essentially a closure cap
and an actuator cap which may be economically produced, which
operates effectively, and in which the amount of pressure required
to lift the actuator cap relative to the closure cap may be varied
and controlled, thereby determinably controlling the safety
factor.
* * * * *