U.S. patent number 3,797,194 [Application Number 05/171,889] was granted by the patent office on 1974-03-19 for frame construction.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Remington Aluminum Window Corporation. Invention is credited to Chaim Henry Ekstein.
United States Patent |
3,797,194 |
Ekstein |
March 19, 1974 |
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
An improved construction for a frame composed of hollow members,
anchored at the corners by means of interior spring members,
similar to a gusset. The frame is fastened by pressing one or more
lanced lips inwardly from the outer wall of each member of the
frame against the spring member and thereby "spring loading" it.
The interior forces within the spring tend to return it to its
original shape, pressing it against the lanced lip and fastening
the corner, insuring a strong permanent joinder.
Inventors: |
Ekstein; Chaim Henry (Teaneck,
NJ) |
Assignee: |
Remington Aluminum Window
Corporation (Garden City, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22625523 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/171,889 |
Filed: |
August 16, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
403/295;
52/656.9; 29/509; 403/274 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16B
17/004 (20130101); E06B 3/9765 (20130101); Y10T
29/49915 (20150115); Y10T 403/49 (20150115); Y10T
403/555 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
E06B
3/976 (20060101); E06B 3/96 (20060101); F16B
17/00 (20060101); F16b 007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/656
;287/2.92C,2.92D,189.36H |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Stein; Mervin
Assistant Examiner: Corbin; David H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Wolder & Gross
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or
privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. In an improved construction for a frame composed of hollow
members anchored at the corner by a spring member, the improvement
comprising:
a. a generally hollowed spring member within the hollow members
including
i. a central rib portion, alignment means depending from the
central rib portion, including an outwardly extending corner
alignment member abutting the outer walls of the hollow members
adjacent the corner, and an inner alignment member having feet
abutting the inner walls of the hollow members adjacent the corner
and then extending a distance therealong from the corner,
ii. two yieldable arms depending from the central rib portion and
received within the hollow members, each arm including a wall
member abutting the outer walls of the hollow members, the arms
spaced from and of greater length than the feet of the inner
alignment member, the end of the wall member being further from the
corner than the end of the feet of the inner alignment member;
iii. a channel member secured to the end of the wall member,
abutting the outer walls of the hollow members and extending
inwardly toward the inner walls of the hollow members, the channel
member having a foot defined at its inner end, extending toward but
spaced from the feet of the inner alignment member and spaced from
the wall member,
b. securement means extending inwardly from the outer walls of the
hollow members for engaging the channel members, displacing and
placing the arms under stress in a spring-loaded condition, causing
an engagement between the spring member and the hollow members
c. said engagement causing formation of internal forces resulting
from the engagement between the securement means and channel
members, the spring member being spring-loaded and allowing
application and adsorption of external bending forces, without
damage to the frame.
2. The invention according to claim 1, a second channel member
depending from the central rib portion, abutting the outer walls of
the hollow members, having oppositely disposed shoulders, the wall
member secured to the shoulder furthest from the corner.
3. The invention according to claim 1, the channel member being
substantially perpendicular to the wall member, the feet of the
inner alignment member being substantially parallel to the wall
member.
4. The invention according to claim 1 the securement means
consisting of inwardly extending lips having a forward tip.
5. The invention according to claim 4, the channel members having
oppositely disposed shoulders and a lower surface, the tips
engaging at least one shoulder.
6. The invention according to claim 5, the lips engaging the
shoulder furthest from the central rib portion.
7. The invention according to claim 5, the channels having slope
surfaces connecting the outer surface of the wall member and the
oppositely disposed shoulders, the lips meeting the slope surfaces
to form a substantially perpendicular abutment.
Description
PRIOR ART
Frames composed of hollow members for use in window opening or as
doors are well known in the art. It is also well known in the art
to use a right angle gusset whose arms extend into the hollow
interiors of the main portion of two frame members.
In the past, the arms of the gusset usually had two channels formed
along the width thereof, the channels being formed with slightly
diagonally disposed parallel ridges. A hole was drilled through the
outer wall of the frame member in alignment with the channels, and
threaded bolts or screws were passed inwardly engaging the ridges
of the channels, to insure a joinder between the frame members and
the elbow.
There has also been significant breakage occuring within the frames
due to pressures applied to the frames during shipping, handling,
or installation. Introducing a force along the outer edge of one of
the members near the joinder, can cause a twisting force to be
translated throughout the frame, and if the elbows are made of
rigid materials, they will often shear and crack, causing the
frames to break.
OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES
Accordingly, it is among the principal objects of the invention to
provide a frame construction which may be assembled with a minumum
of time and expenditures for labor and parts.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a frame
construction of the character described in which the spring members
are placed under tension, to absorb forces applied to the frame,
including twisting forces sufficient to distort the members out of
perpendicular engagement at their meeting points, without shearing
or cracking the spring member.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a frame
construction of the character described in which the mating edges
may be joined without the use of screws, bolts, or other materials
other than the frame members and interior spring members.
Still yet a further object of the present invention is to provide a
frame construction which will be simple and economical to
manufacture, and yet will be durable to a high degree in use.
The present invention contemplates a frame construction for windows
or doors, in which the frame is composed of hollow members, which
in their standard configuration consists of inner and outer walls
and side walls. The edges of the members are cut at approximately
45.degree. angles to insure a proper mating. The spring members
have outer dimensions just slightly smaller than the inner
dimensions of the frame members, and are placed within the end
portions of the members to provide additional strength at the
meeting portions of the members, and to provide means to insure a
strong and permanent securement.
The members may have at least one channel defined across the width
of the outer surface of each arm thereof.
After the spring members are placed in position within the end
sections of the frame members, and the frames are placed in mating
position, the outer walls of the frame members are lanced just over
the channels forming lips, the lips extending inwardly into the
channels, with the tip of the lip engaging one shoulder or side
wall thereof, causing the application of a significant force
thereon. The spring member attempts to assume its initial shape,
and the resultant internal forces cause the member to become
"spring-loaded." This forms a strong, permanent means of securement
between the members and the gusset.
Thus, the "spring" allows application of forces to the frame,
especially twisting forces, without causing the "spring" to shear
or break, but allowing for a certain amount of bending to be
absorbed.
The above description and objects of the present invention will
become apparent from a reading of the following description taken
with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a frame construction embodying my
invention illustrating the spring member with two channels on each
arm, and showing the end sections of the frame members with
markings on the outer walls to indicate the location for lancing
when the unit is assembled;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the frame construction of FIG.
1 in its assembled form with the hollow members being shown in
cross section, illustrating lancing tools forming the lips engaging
the far shoulder of each channel;
FIG. 3 is a cut away view of a modified channel construction;
FIG. 4 shows a frame with a twisting force placed thereon, causing
non-perpendicular alignment, and
FIG. 5 is a force vector diagram showing the "spring-loading" of
the member .
Turning in detail to the drawings, and more particularly to FIG. 1,
there is shown a frame construction 10, broadly comprising frame
members 12, 14, and spring member 16.
More specifically, the frame member 12 is defined by an outer wall
18 having an outer surface 20 and an inner surface 22 (FIG. 2).
Side walls 24, 26, are defined by outer surfaces 28, 30 and inner
surfaces 32, 34. The walls 24, 26 are parallel to each other and
may extend somewhat beyond the outer wall 18 to protect the same in
the well known manner. Joining the side walls 24, 26, is an inner
wall, 36 defined by an inner surface 38 and an outer surface 40,
and having the standard support means 42 as is well known in the
art.
As seen in FIG. 4, frame members 12, 14 in FIG. 1 are shown in an
enlarged fragmentary view, with only the end sections 44, 46 being
used to illustrate the invention.
Similarly frame 14 (FIG. 1) also consists of outer wall 48 defined
by outer surface 50 and inner surface 52, (FIG. 3) side walls 54,
56 defined by outer surfaces 58, 60 and inner surfaces 62, 64.
These side walls are joined by inner wall 66 defined by outer
surface 68 and inner surface 70, and also having support means 72
joining the means 42 for engaging a pane of glass, etc.
The spring member 16 may be similar to a gusset and consists of a
left arm 74 and a right arm 76 which meet at a perpendicular angle.
The arm 74 is basically hollowed so that the normally rigid
material can bend and acquire the characteristics of a spring. The
specific configuration of the spring member is not germane to the
present invention, as long as "spring-loaded" principle disclosed
herein, can be accomplished.
In the embodiment illustrated, the arm 74 includes a first channel
member 75 and a second channel member 76 joined by a wall 77. The
member 75 has an inner wall 78 and a substantially perpendicular
inwardly extending tongue 79 having an outer surface 80, and an
outer wall 81. The channel 82 is defined by shoulders 83, 84 and
inner surface 85. The wall 81 is secured to the wall 77 having an
outer surface 86 and an inner surface 87. The second channel member
76 is secured to the other end of the wall 77, and has inner wall
88 and an outer wall 89 with a substantially perpendicular
outwardly extending tongue 90 having an outer surface 91. The
channel 92 is defined by shoulders 93, 94 and an inner surface
95.
Extending inwardly from the member 76 is a foot 96 which may have a
heel 97, the foot having an outer surface 98 which abuts the
surface 38 of the wall 36.
The first channel member 76 is joined to a central rib portion 99
having an outwardly extending corner alignment probe 100 and an
inner alignment probe 101 which abuts surface 38.
In a similar manner, the arm 76 is likewise formed, similar parts
being designated by similar reference numbers with the addition of
the prefix "1."
A modification of the channel structure is shown in FIG. 3,
inclines 102, 103 are formed at substantially 45.degree. angles to
the surfaces 193, 194.
As best seen in FIG. 2, the lanced outer walls 18, 48 define
downwardly extending lips 108, 110 having forward tip 112, 114.
To assemble the unit a lancing tool 116 engaged by a hammer 118 or
hydraulic cylinders (not shown) automatically secured to a machine
and connected thereto by element 120. It is used to lance the outer
walls 18, 48 of the frame members 12, 14 after the members have
been placed above and along the edges 122, 124 forming the outer
perimeters of the members 12, 14 respectively along the walls 18,
24, 26, 36 and 48, 54, 66 respectively. The lancing occurs just
over the channels 82, 92 forming the lips 108, 110 whose forward
tips 112, 114 engage the shoulders 84, 94 of the channels forming a
strong, firm engagement.
There may be indications placed on the surfaces 20, 50 of the outer
walls 18, 48 so that assembly may take place manually at the
construction site. There may also be a modified embodiment of the
panel construction, as shown in FIG. 3, in which the surfaces 193,
194 form substantially 45.degree. angles with the surface 86 of the
wall 77, as well as the surfaces 80, 91 of the tongues 79, 90. The
angle that the lips 108, 110 form in relation to the walls 18, 48
amy also be substantially 45.degree. so that the lip meets the
surfaces 193, 194 at substantially 90.degree. angles, forming a
perpendicular abutment. This construction has a number of
advantages. It assures that the lips will engage a surface of the
channel. It increases the area of contact between the lip and the
channel, thus reducing the stress per square inch. Finally, it
helps to tension the spring member, thus securing a tighter contact
between the lip and the channel.
In order to understand the "spring-loading" principle of the
present invention, attention is directed to the force vector
diagram as shown in FIG. 5. After completion of the initial
assembly, a force is applied by the lancing tool 116, which is
illustrated by vector 200. This force is transmitted to the inner
wall 36 of the frame by foot 96, which is illustrated by the
perpendicular force vectors 202, 204. A bending force is thus
established within the member, and the left arm is twisted from its
initial "at rest" position.
This initial twisting moment is counter-balanced by internal forces
established within the spring member, and as illustrated by the
force vector 206. This force within the gusset tends to cause the
arm to return to its initial position, but because of the presence
of the exterior force as represented by vector 200, even though the
member may substantially resume its "at rest" configuration, there
is an internal force established within the member, causing it to
become "spring-loaded."
As mentioned above, this spring-loading effect allows the member to
be twisted due to applications of other external forces.
Under these conditions, if a force 122, (FIG. 4) is applied, the
frame may actually be twisted so as to introduce a slight
disposition of the upper frame member some distance denoted by the
reference numeral 124, without the spring member 16 shearing or
cracking, and without the frame construction 10 breaking. It should
be noted that other means may be used to "spring-load" the member
16 and without channels. Instead of lancing, screws, nails, bolts,
etc. may be used to apply the external force. The channels may be
replaced by round holes, slots, notches, etc.
While there has been described and illustrated a preferred
embodiment of the present invention, it is apparent that numerous
alterations, omissions and additions may be made without departing
from the spirit thereof.
* * * * *