U.S. patent number 3,797,124 [Application Number 05/246,401] was granted by the patent office on 1974-03-19 for ground profile reader.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Caterpillar Tractor Co.. Invention is credited to Gene B. Easterling, Russell D. Page, Rolland D. Scholl, William R. Tillman.
United States Patent |
3,797,124 |
Easterling , et al. |
March 19, 1974 |
GROUND PROFILE READER
Abstract
An elongated beam having spaced apart ground engaging members
supporting it on a monitored surface includes transport system for
moving it normal to its longitudinal axis whereby a level
transducer centrally attached to the beam and connected by powered
electrical circuits to an indicator will continuously reflect the
displacement (slope) of its ground engaging members on the
monitored surface normal to the path transversed by the beam. The
transport system may include a device for measuring the distance
traversed and the indicator may include a strip chart recorder
whereby a chart profile of the monitored surface can be obtained.
Special marking devices can be operated by the circuits to
physically mark or paint areas where the monitored surface is cut
outside the prescribed tolerances with respect to slope.
Inventors: |
Easterling; Gene B. (Decatur,
IL), Page; Russell D. (Decatur, IL), Scholl; Rolland
D. (Peoria, IL), Tillman; William R. (Monticello,
IL) |
Assignee: |
Caterpillar Tractor Co.
(Peoria, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
22930507 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/246,401 |
Filed: |
April 21, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
33/331; 33/332;
33/366.11 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01C
7/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G01C
7/00 (20060101); G01C 7/04 (20060101); G01c
007/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;33/338,331,366,332 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Martin, Jr.; William D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fryer, Tjensvold, Phillips &
Lempio
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A ground profile reader that provides a continuous slope reading
normal to its transversed path along a monitored surface
comprising:
an elongated beam oriented normal to such traversed path;
spaced apart ground engaging ski-type shoes attached to said
longitudinal beam adjacent to its ends operable to support said
longitudinal beam above such a monitored surface thereon, said
ski-type shoes being adjustably attached to said beam so they can
be adjusted longitudinally on said beam to avoid tracking directly
in wheel tracks;
transport means connected to said longitudinal beam for moving it
along a path normal to the orientation of said beam without
interfering with its position established by said ground engaging
ski-type shoes;
a level transducer unit adjustably attached to said beam operable
to produce a continuous electrical output signal proportional to
the deviation of its respective ground engaging ski-type shoes with
respect to a vertical reference;
powered circuit means connected to said transducer unit; and
an indicator connected to said powered circuit mean operable to
convert said continuous electrical output signal to a slope reading
in degrees.
2. The reader defined in claim 2 wherein the transport system
includes a triangular frame with a forward dirigible wheel for
steering it.
3. The reader defined in claim 1 wherein the transport system has a
recorder for recording a continuous slope variation read by the
indicator.
4. The reader defined in claim 1 wherein the powered circuit means
includes a warning means operable to sound an audible alarm when
slope tolerances are exceeded.
5. The reader defined in claim 1 wherein the powered circuits
include a marking means whereby areas of the monitored surface are
physically marked when slope tolerances are exceeded by depositing
colored material thereon.
6. The reader defined in claim 3 wherein the transport system
includes distance measuring means operable to generation
information concerning the distance traversed thereby with said
distance measuring means connected to the recorder whereby
correlated slope and distance information will be simultaneously
read by said recorder.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Commercial application of automatic blade control systems for
motorgraders, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,486,564 issued
to Page et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 3,495,663 issued to Scholl et al.,
and also assigned to the assignee of this invention, have
substantially improved the efficiency and productivity of finished
grading with such earthmoving motorgraders. Such controls eliminate
many of the tedious and difficult manual operator functions
performed in the past and cut graded surfaces to a high degree of
accuracy. However, miscalibration and/or environmental conditions
may sometimes cause the graded surfaces to cut with such automatic
machines to deviate from the prescribed tolerances, which
deviations are often revealed by the numerous cross checks
conducted by surveying techniques.
Environmental conditions which sometimes cause the loss of accuracy
are soft or muddy soils that induce movements in the machine not
readily compensated for by the automatic controls or extremely hard
surfaces which load the machine in a manner that distortion in the
frame will allow deviation between the automated system and the
actual blade cut.
Normally the errors introduced by environmental conditions will be
small, but outside the tolerances of .+-.1/8 inch per 10 linear
feet often required in grading operation. Such small errors are
difficult for an operator to detect and thus often go
unnoticed.
When several spot checks reveal errors outside the allowable
tolerances, the whole surface is often unnecessarily regraded with
the automatic machine when spot grading in a few areas would
suffice because the majority of the surface is within the allowable
tolerances.
Thus, if the grader surface is read, and preferably marked, spot
regrading is possible with a great savings in time and expense,
with corresponding increases in efficiency. Also any miscalibration
of an automated grader will be quickly detected.
As a result it is an object of this invention to provide a ground
profile reader capable of accurately checking a graded surface with
respect to slope.
Another object is the provision of a ground profile reader which
can quickly check graded surfaces more accurately than infrequent
spot checks.
Also, an object of the invention is to provide a reader which can
provide a permanent record of the slope of a graded surface.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above objects are accomplished by a ground profile reader
having an elongated beam supported from a surface to be monitored
by spaced apart ground engaging members, a transport system for
moving the elongated beam normal to its longitudinal axis along the
surface to be monitored and a level sensing transducer connected to
the beam operable to generate an electrical signal proportional to
the relative displacement of the ground engaging members relative
to a horizontal plane with circuit means to convert it to an
indication of the slope normal to the path traversed by the reader.
The circuit means connected to the transducer may have a warning or
marking device or both and certain embodiments may have mechanisms
on the transport system for recording the distance traversed along
with a recorder so an accurate strip profile of slope of the
surface monitored can be produced.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a plan of the ground profile reader being towed by a
motor grader blade to read the surface cut by the blade;
FIG. 2 is a rear elevation of an alternate embodiment using
ski-type shoes or skids with the transport system formed by a hitch
which is connected to a truck;
FIG. 3 is a more sophisticated embodiment of the ground profile
reader in an exploded view; and
FIG. 4 is a circuit schematic of the embodiment shown in FIG.
3.
DESCRIPTION
As shown in FIG. 1 the ground profile reader 10 includes a frame
11, shown in a triangular configuration, that has a transverse rear
axle 12 with wheels 13 mounted at its opposite ends and forwardly
disposed caster or dirigible wheel 14 connected in a fork 15 that
is pivoted on the forward end or apex of the frame. These wheels,
which support the frame above the ground, preferably have hard
rubber tread surfaces whereby their triangular disposition will
cause the frame to position to match their disposition on a graded
surface, without error due to wheel tread deflection as will likely
occur with pneumatic or semi-pneumatic wheels. On the projecting
ends of the axle 15 from fork 16 that supports wheel 14 therein, a
bifurcated tongue 17 can be attached through which the machine can
be pulled or pushed by hand or a vehicle. As can be appreciated
from the drawings, as the reader is pulled through its transport
system, the axle 12 will be substantially transverse to its
direction of travel and therefore the rear of frame 11 rigidly
connected to the to the axle will accurately reflect the slope
between the points of contact of the rear wheels 13. Obviously, the
frame itself can serve as part of the axle 12 if desired and the
arrangement of a single dirigible wheel 14 forward of the rear axle
will allow the frame to freely rotate about a longitudinal axis
normal to the rear axle.
By mounting a calibrating plate 25 on the rear of the frame 11 so
it is oriented parallel with the rear axle it can be employed to
mount a pendulum type transducer 26 so that the transducer will
measure the slope between the points of contact of the rear wheels.
In mounting the transducer care is exercised to keep the swing axis
of the pendulum normal to the rear axle. A commercially available
level sensor or transducer, such as a Moog Mobile Level Sensor
Model 86-121 manufactured by MOOG Industrial Division, can be
employed. Such a transducer can provide a linear changing
resistance for input angles of .+-. 10.degree. from horizontal with
resolution of .+-. 10 arc seconds. A simple pendulum could also be
used to drive a potentiometer as long as sufficient dampening was
provided, as is available in the commercial unit discussed
above.
The relationship of the forward end of the frame that forms the
transport system relative to the elevation of rear wheels is not
critical, as long as the frame is reasonably level along its
longitudinal axis so as not to introduce significant error into the
pendulum unit. If a steep grade is involved it may be desirable to
move the front end of the frame up or down on the pivot of the
caster or dirigible wheel 14 to improve the accuracy of the
reader.
To increase the flexibility of the reader the rear axle 12 can be
arranged to telescope so the rear wheels 13 can be extended to the
positions indicated by the broken lines in FIG. 1 or to
intermediate positions so they will not travel in the tire
depressions that could cause error.
In operation the transducer is connected to an instrument box 27 on
the frame through an electrical cable. Power is provided from a
battery box 28 connected to the instrument box. An audible warning
box 29 is also connected to the instrument box and when the slope
deviates from acceptable error, as measured by pendulum transducer
it will sound the appropriate warning. The details of the circuitry
will be discussed subsequently but it can be appreciated that when
the reader is pulled through its tongue 17, such as behind a motor
grader blade A, it can independently monitor the slope being cut by
the blade.
A simplified version of the ground profile reader 10 is illustrated
in FIG. 2 wherein the forward caster or dirigible wheel 14 is
removed and replaced by a socket 30 of a trailer hitch so the
forward end of its triangular frame 11' is supported on a ball on
the back of a vehicle B to form the transport system. The frame is
smaller since the battery of the vehicle can be used to supply the
power through electrical cable 31 for the instrument box 27 mounted
thereon. Instead of rear wheels, ski-type shoes 32 are employed on
the outboard ends of its axle 12' as shown. The same mounting plate
25 is employed to mount the pendulum transducer 26 and it can be
seen that employment of an arcuate slot 33 therein can be used to
increase the range of the transducer or alternatively set it at the
desired slope so the pendulum transducer will indicate true
horizontal when the ski-type shoes rest on a graded surface having
the proper slope. Bolts 34 can be tightened when the pointer 35
reads the proper scribe mark. The output from the instrument box
can be sent to the cab of the vehicle B via coaxial cable 36.
In FIG. 3, an exploded view is shown of a complete self-contained
ground profile reader 10 incorporating automatic marking of the
grade where the slope error exceeds allowable limits. Its
triangular frame 40 is similar to the frame previously described
but includes two mounting legs 41 for the rear wheels 42 whose
axles are coaxially aligned so they function as a rigid axle. One
axle is formed by the shaft of a tachgenerator 43 whereby the
continuous slope readings can be associated with selected portions
graded on a strip chart, as hereinafter described. The front end of
the frame is supported on a fork 44 pivoted therein, with a wheel
45 journalled in the fork so its axle 46 protrudes on opposite
sides thereof. A tongue 47 has a bifurcated end journalled on the
projecting ends of the axle whereby the frame can be pulled or
pushed through the tongue and steered.
On the central rear portion of the frame 40 a mounting flange
secures a stub shaft 50 with a vertical shaft 51 disposed in an
aperture and locked by a set screw 52. A horizontal yoke 53 which
can move vertical on shaft 51 is centrally journalled in a beam 54
so its outboard ends 55 can oscillate about the longitudinal axis
of the yoke. On the outboard ends of the beam, which is disposed
parallel to the axles of the rear wheel 42, ski-type shoes are used
to support the ends of the beam. The above arrangements allow the
weight of the beam to be minimized whereby it tracks truly on soft
graded surfaces, since the weight of the frame, components and
wheels will not be transmitted to the ski-type shoes.
In the central portion of beam 54 the pendulum transducer 26 is
mounted in an arcuate groove 57 and locked with bolts 34. In turn
the transducer is connected to the instrument box 27 on the frame
with an electrical cable, as is the tachgenerator 43. Power is
supplied from a battery box 28 connected to the instrument box. An
audio warning unit 29 is also connected to the instrument box. In
addition the frame 40 has a marker unit 58 connected to a pneumatic
reservoir 59 which can be actuated to spray paint through tubes 60
and 61, such as white paint for errors above the desired slope and
red paint for errors below the desired slope. A strip chart
recorder 62 is also connected to the instrument box.
More specifically the complete circuitry for the latter described
embodiment of the ground profile reader is shown in FIG. 4 and some
of the basic parts thereof will be common to all the readers
described. Basically the battery box 28 includes a voltage divider
network 70 so it can supply plus and minus voltages with respect to
ground 71. Leads 72 and 73 connect the output of the voltage
divider network to the pendulum transducer 26 which generates a
linear output on lead 74 proportional to the angle from horizontal
at which its case is disposed, which output is connected to the
input of operational amplifier 75. The RC network on the amplifier
feedback provides necessary filtering. This amplified output can be
used to drive the strip chart recorder 62, a direct reading slope
meter 76 and/or the audible warning unit 29 by connecting output
lead 77 to these circuits. Depending on the position of the
transducer on the mounting plate the circuits can be set so the
strip chart and meter read absolute slope or merely deviation from
a prescribed slope, the later being preferred.
In the audio alarm or warning circuit 29 two comparator amplifiers
78 are employed, both being connected to lead 77 through a separate
potentiometer 80. These potentiometers set the trigger level of
their associated amplifiers with respect to the error reflected on
lead 77 with the amplifier outputs commonly connected to horn 81
through blocking diodes 82, arranged as shown. Thus when error
level is exceeded in either direction the horn sounds.
Connected to the output of each comparator amplifier is a relay 83
which will be operated when the trigger level of its associated
amplifier is reached. The armature of each relay is operable to
close a contact 84 to connect battery voltage to an associated
solenoid in the marker unit 58 to spray the appropriate paint color
on the grade to physically indicate the error and type.
Leads to the solenoids also are connected to the strip recorder 62
(when used) to physically mark the strip when excessive slope
deviation has occurred. Stopping and starting marks on the strip
chart can be made with manual switches 86 which cannect the
opposite polarity to the recorder over the aforementioned leads and
also actuate the solenoids 85.
When using the strip chart recorder 62 an inverter 87 is connected
to the battery to supply A.C. power to the strip chart recorder,
the latter of which can be a commercial available unit, such as a
Techni-Rites Model TR 711 built by Techni-Rite Electronics, Inc.,
Warwick, R.I. The tachometer generator 43 is used to control the
chart speed and stylus deviation is controlled by the pendulum
transducer output. Thus with the recorder an accurate chart of the
slope can be made between starting and stopping points of the
ground profile reader. Further multiple passes can be made and
compared for greater accuracy of the slope profile of a given
graded surface. Obviously some of the circuitry can be located
remote from the frame, such as in a vehicle towing the reader. In
place of the tachgenerator arrangement a flexible drive cable may
be connected to one of the wheels and gearing in the recorder 62 to
drive the chart therein.
* * * * *