U.S. patent number 3,796,889 [Application Number 05/289,889] was granted by the patent office on 1974-03-12 for coded electrical locking device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to SAID Fradkin, by said Wolcott. Invention is credited to Neil E. Fradkin, Carl Frederick Wolcott.
United States Patent |
3,796,889 |
Fradkin , et al. |
March 12, 1974 |
CODED ELECTRICAL LOCKING DEVICE
Abstract
An electrical circuit for restricting the application of
electrical power to an automobile ignition circuit or for
controlling other electro-mechanical locking devices wherein a
plurality of switches are actuated by a numbered keyboard according
to a preselected code so that they must be actuated in proper
sequence to unlock the mechanism. The primary code sequence can be
changed using the same keyboard to set up a simpler, alternate
sequence without the necessity for any electrical or mechanical
variations in the device, so that access is permitted by others for
limited purposes without the necessity of disclosing the entire
code to anyone. The circuit also includes a time delay mechanism
which disables the circuit if the proper code sequence is not
followed or is not performed within a predetermined period of
time.
Inventors: |
Fradkin; Neil E. (Fullerton,
CA), Wolcott; Carl Frederick (West Los Angeles, CA) |
Assignee: |
SAID Fradkin, by said Wolcott
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
23113566 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/289,889 |
Filed: |
September 18, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
361/172;
307/10.4 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G07C
9/0069 (20130101); B60R 25/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B60R
25/04 (20060101); G07C 9/00 (20060101); H02g
003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;317/134 ;307/40,1AT
;180/114 ;340/63,64 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hohauser; Herman J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Lyon and Lyon
Claims
What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent
of the
1. A combination-coded electrical locking system which enables an
external circuit when at least one of a series of digits selected
from two or more sequences of digits are entered into the system,
comprising:
code selector means having a plurality of input means, each of said
input means having a characteristic digit assigned thereto;
a primary code circuit coupled to said code selector means whereby
preselected ones of said input means establish a first sequence of
primary code digits, said prim ry code circuit including output
means responsive to said preselected input means to provide an
output signal only when the digits of said primary code are entered
according to said first sequence;
an alternate code circuit coupled to said code selector means, said
alternate circuit including means coupled to additional ones of
said input means to establish a second sequence of alternate code
digits, said alternate code circuit including output means
responsive to said additional input means to provide an output
signal only when the digits of said alternate code are entered
according to said sequence;
code latching means coupled to said primary and said alternate code
circuits, said code latching means including means for selectively
disabling said primary code circuit and simultaneously enabling
said alternate code circuit; and
external circuit enabling means coupled to the outputs of said
primary and said alternate code circuit means, said external
circuit enabling means having means responsive to an output of
either of said code circuit means
2. The system set forth in claim 1 wherein said alternate code
circuit is coupled to preselected ones of said input means thereby
establishing a
3. The system set forth in claim 1 wherein said alternate code
circuit is coupled to a plurality of said input means one of which
is also coupled to said primary code circuit such that said primary
and alternate code
4. The system set forth in claim 1 wherein said primary code
circuit and said alternate code circuit are each coupled to two or
more of said input
5. The system set forth in claim 1 wherein said alternate code
circuit includes selector circuit means coupled to said input means
for selecting the digits comprising said alternate code sequence,
said selector circuit means being enabled by said latching means
whereby said selector circuit means becomes responsive to the
actuation of selected ones of said input means to couple the same
into said alternate code circuit according to a
6. The system set forth in claim 3 wherein said primary code
circuit and said alternate code circuit are each coupled to two or
more of said input
7. The system set forth in claim 1 further including disabling
means coupled to said primary code circuit, said disabling means
responsive to the input means coupled to said primary circuit to
disable said circuit whenever an input is actuated having a
characteristic digit not an element of said primary code sequence
or not in the correct sequence, time delay means coupled to said
disabling means to establish a time interval during which said
disabling means is maintained in an inoperative state, and said
latching means coupled to said time delay means to render the same
inoperative when said latching means is in the state disabling
said
8. The system set forth in claim 1 further including disabling
means coupled to said primary code circuit, said disabling means
responsive to the input means coupled to said primary circuit to
disable said circuit whenever an input is actuated having a
characteristic digit not an element of said primary code sequence
or not in the correct sequence, time delay means coupled to said
disabling means for establishing a time interval during which said
primary circuit is held in the disabled state in response to an
improper digit entry, said latching means being coupled to said
time delay means to disable said delay means when said latching
means
9. The system set forth in claim 1 wherein said primary code
circuit comprises:
a plurality of silicon controlled rectifiers coupled in series
circuit relationship, means coupling said selected input means of
said primary code to each rectifier to sequentially initiate
conduction therein according to said primary code sequence, the
last one of said selected
10. The system set forth in claim 9 wherein said latching means
comprises:
means for supplying electrical potential to said selected input
means of said primary code circuit, said alternate code circuit
comprising switching means coupled between the output of said
primary code circuit said source of electrical potential and said
external circuit enabling means whereby electrical power is
supplied to said enabling circuit through said alternate circuit
means when said primary circuit means is
11. The system set forth in claim 9 wherein said latching means
comprises:
means for supplying electrical potential to said selective input
means of said primary code circuit, said alternate code circuit
including switching means coupled intermediate two of said series
connected silicon controlled rectifiers of said primary code
circuit, input means coupled to said
12. The system set forth in claim 11 wherein said alternate code
circuit comprises:
second circuit means comprising one or more silicon controlled
rectifiers each coupled to ones of said input means other than
those of said primary code circuit, said input means coupled to
said rectifiers to initiate
13. The system set forth in claim 11 further including time delay
means coupled to said primary code circuit, said time dealy means
operative to disable said primary code circuit for a preselected
period of time, and wherein said latching means further includes
means coupled to said time delay means for disabling said delay
means when said latching means
14. The system set forth in claim 9 wherein said primary circuit
means comprises silicon controlled rectifiers coupled in series and
with each of said selected input means, each of said input means
comprising switch means having a normally closed first position and
a momentary closed second position;
the first controlled rectifier coupled to the switch means
corresponding to the first digit of said primary code sequence
having the cathode thereof connected to ground, the anode thereof
coupled to said switch means in the first position thereof and to a
source of electrical potential, the gate electrode of said
controlled rectifier coupled to said source of electrical potential
through said switch means when the same is in said second position,
whereby movement of said switch to said second position initiates
conduction in said controlled rectifier which conduction continues
after said switch is returned to said first position;
the second controlled rectifier coupled to second switch means
corresponding to the second element of said primary code sequence,
said second controlled rectifier having the cathode thereof coupled
to the anode of said first controlled rectifier when said first
switch means is in said first position, the anode of said second
controlled rectifier coupled to said source of electrical potential
through said second switch means when in the second position
thereof, whereby movement of said second switch to said second
position after movement of said first switch to the second position
thereof initiates conduction of current through said second
controlled rectifier and said first rectifier to ground which
conduction continues after said second switch is returned to said
first position.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In recent years considerable attention has been directed toward the
problem of auto theft and so many solutions have been proposed that
it would be exceedingly burdensom to outline them here, even in a
general way. Suffice to say that over and above the mechanical
locking devices actuated by the ignition key or the like,
electrical locking devices have been proposed including ones which
provide alarms and even including ones requiring knowledge of a
combination or code in order to activate the ignition system. It is
recognized by some that the key actuated ignition switch is an
inherently weak link in any security system. Thus, various
electrical or electronic locks have been proposed some of which
include a keyboard controlled circuit thus providing a code or
combination electrical lock. While it is reasonable to suppose that
an automobile owner could use such a device without difficulty and
could remember his combination number, the difficulties with such
known devices include the problem of disclosing the combination if
the automobile owner leaves it in a parking lot, garage or service
station. Thus, none of the previously known devices has provided a
satisfactory method for solving this problem. Although some have a
changeable code sequence, they all require extensive changes or
adjustments in the mechanical or electrical elements of the system
which cannot be readily performed by the average user, which
require at least partial disassembly or which require considerable
time to perform and, being an inconvenience, would probably not be
used at all. Yet, the problem of disclosing one's combination is a
serious one.
Another difficulty with these prior devices has been that a
prospective thief may manipulate the buttons for a sufficient
period of time until he stumbles across the correct number. Some
devices have an alarm to be actuated if an incorrect number
sequence is used but this is a serious drawback for the
above-mentioned situation in which the car is left at a service
station. Essentially then, the problem which the prior art has
failed to solve is how can one provide an electrically encoded
locking device having a combination which can be known only to a
single person yet which will permit the use of the vehicle by
authorized persons through the use of the same locking device and
without the inconvenience or annoyance of accidentally actuating
any alarm devices, while at the same time presenting to a
prospective thief a locking device which is extremely difficult and
time consuming to decode.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
I have solved the aforementioned difficulties by providing a
keyboard actuated system which may be appropriately encoded as
desired with a preselected code sequence, preferably of three or
more digits. I have included in my system a time delay mechanism
which can be of either of two types. The first type is of the open
type, providing a preselected period of time in which the operator
is permitted to despress the proper buttons. If he fails to do this
in the alloted time, the circuit is disabled for a period of time
after which he may try again. The second is a closed type device
which gives the operator all the time he needs if he knows the
proper combination, but if he depresses an incorrect button or even
a correct button out of sequence, the circuit is disabled for a
preselected period of time. In addition to deterring propsective
auto thieves, the time delay mechanism may also help to discourage
use of a vehicle by someone under the influence of alcohol or
drugs.
In order to permit the use of the vehicle by authorized persons for
parking or servicing without disclosing to anyone the primary code
sequence, I have provided a means for substituting a temporary
alternate code sequence through the operation of the same keyboard
so that no physical changes or adjustments need be made. In one
embodiment of my mechanism this alternate code sequence consists of
the last digit of the primary sequence plus a fixed, preselected
digit not an element of the primary sequence. In a second
embodiment of my mechanism I again store all but the last digit of
the primary sequence, but I have provided means for selectively
adding any one of the unused digits that the operator may select.
As another embodiment, the system can store the primary code
enabling the ignition system to be controlled by the ignition
switch only. In either case, the latching mechanism also disables
the time delay circuit making it easier for a parking lot
attendant, for example, to operate the vehicle without unnecessary
inconvenience.
While the principal discussion contained herein is directed to the
application of my locking mechanism to automobile ignition systems,
it will be obvious that this new locking system has equal utility
in many other types of installations. It is foreseeable that the
system might have application to other systems requiring latching
or unlatching functions, or limited or sequential access, the
varieties of which will occur readily to those skilled in the art.
In addition, parts of the ensuing discussion describe various
circuit elements, principally for ease of description and it is
contemplated that dependable equivalents such as solid state
components may be substituted.
It is a principal object, therefore, of the present invention to
provide an improved electrically encoded locking mechanism whcih is
both simple for the owner thereof to operate but which also permits
simple and convenient use thereof by other authorized persons
without disclosure of the primary code sequence.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an
improved locking mechanism having a secret code sequence which can
be conveniently used both by the owner and by other authorized
persons yet which is difficult and time consuming for others to
decode.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide an
improved locking mechanism for automobile ignition systems and the
like, which is not only convenient to use, but economical to
manufacture yet provides a high degree of security for the
owner.
These and other objects of the present invention as well as
modifications of the basic circuitry disclosed herein will be
readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the
ensuing detailed description thereof in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a coded locking device incorporating
the basic principles of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the
present invention which incorporates a fixed alternate code
sequence.
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the
present invention incorporating a selectable alternate code
sequence.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Turning first to FIG. 1, a generalized description of the invention
is presented. The actual circuits and their functions are
interpreted, as will later become apparent, but the system may be
said to be comprised of code selectors 10, preferably in the form
of a series of switches, buttons or the like, in a keyboard layout
appropriately indexed with letters, numbers or other symbols. The
code selectors are coupled through line 11, and ignition switch 13,
to a source of electrical potential. The outputs from all but one
of the individual code selectors are coupled through line 12 to the
primary code 14. A latching mechanism 16 which also includes
selector switches which may be part of the keyboard, is coupled
directly through line 17 to the source of electrical potential and
provides on one of its output lines 18 an enabling signal to a time
delay circuit 20. The time delay circuit 20 is coupled through line
22 to the primary code 14.
The other outputs of latch 16 are coupled through line 23 to the
primary code 14 and through line 24 to the alternate code 26. A
second output from the code selectors 10, which may be coupled to
at least one of the selector switches or the ignition switch, is
coupled through line 27 to the alternate code 26. The outputs of
the primary code 14 and the alternate code 26 are coupled through
lines 28 and 29 respectively to an "OR" circuit 30, the output of
which is coupled through line 31 to an ignition enable circuit 32
which provides an output 33 to the ignition system or to any other
electro-mechanical device to which the system will be attached.
In order to provide an output at 33, through the use of the primary
code 14, numbered buttons in the code selectors 10 are actuated
providing an output on line 12. As soon as power is supplied to the
system through lines 11 and 17, power will be supplied through
latch 16 and line 18 to the time delay circuit 20. A fixed time
delay is provided in 20 which may, upon expiration of the
predetermined time, provide a DISABLE signal on line 22 to the
primary code circuits 14 to disable the operation of those code
circuits. Thus, if the proper code buttons are not selected within
the period of time established by time delay 20, or if an incorrect
button is depressed, the primary code will be disabled for a second
predetermined period of time, upon the expiration of which the
operator may again try to depress the numbered buttons in the
proper sequence. When he has done so, an output will produce on
line 28 to the "OR" circuit 30 to actuate the ignition enable
circuit 32 to provide the desired output. Additionally, if code
selectors 10 are actuated which do not correspond to the
preselected primary code sequence, the primary code is disabled. As
an alternative, use of the wrong code selectors may actuate time
delay 20 disabling the primary code for a period of time. Once the
ignition circuit is enabled, it remains so until turned off.
Therefore, the operator can restart a stalled engine using just a
starter switch without having to execute the code sequence each
time.
If it is desired to permit others to utilize the system to which
this locking device is attached without disclosing to them the
proper sequence of the primary code, then code latch 16 is actuated
providing outputs on lines 23 and 24. The output on line 23 will
provide power to the primary code 14, following which the operator
will actuate the numbered buttons corresponding to all of the
primary code digits or all but the last digit of the primary code,
whereupon the signal on line 23 will cause that portion of the
primary code to be stored. At the same time, actuation of latch 16
diverts the output of the primary code 14 onto line 34 coupling it
to the alternate code 26. Now in order to obtain an output 33,
either the ignition switch 13 is closed (if the alternate code is
unused) or the code selector coupled to the alternate code 26 must
be actuated and then the selector representing the final digit of
the primary code sequence. In the hold or alternate code mode, the
latch mechanism 16 may also be coupled to means for flashing the
headlights or means for limiting the time during which the system
is operable, or other mechanisms to provide further deterrents to
unauthorized usage.
Turning now to FIG. 2, specific circuitry is shown for one means
for carrying out the principles of my invention. An ignition switch
50 is typically coupled to the positive terminal 51 of the
electrical system, usually 12 volts DC. Terminal 52 of switch 50 is
coupled to the starter terminal 52 and terminal 53, which is in the
normal automotive ignition coupled directly to the ignition system,
is here coupled into the circuit of the present invention. Terminal
54 is likewise coupled to the positive terminal of the DC power
source and the circuit shown in FIG. 2 is principally designed for
use in a system having a negative ground potential as evidenced by
terminal 55 coupled to ground. It is contemplated that the circuit
shown herein may be used with the customary key operated ignition
switch 50 or the ignition switch may be dispensed with in favor of
using in its place the coded switch of the present invention, there
remaining the requirement for some type of switch to activate the
starter motor. As will be further explained below, this system may
also be so connected as to store the primary code thereafter
permitting use of just the ignition switch to activate the ignition
until the release button is pressed.
Terminal 53 is coupled to a diode 56 of the polarity shown, the
cathode of which coupled to junction point 58 at which a positive
potential will be imposed when the ignition switch 50 is closed or
when the code switch is activated to bypass the primary code.
Positive potential from junction point 58 will be conducted through
line 60 to junction 62 where it couples to the input of two primary
code switches generally designated 64 and 66. The system includes a
plurality of momentary contact, push button switches provided in a
typical keyboard configuration (not shown) and only those selected
push buttons which are to be a part of either the primary or
alternate code are coupled into the circuit as are switches 64 and
66. The remaining switches such as 68 representing the remaining
digits not selected as part of the code sequence, wherein the
switch shown at 68 is designated by the numeral "N" to designate
the remaining digits, are all coupled to ground potential at one of
the terminals thereof the other terminal being coupled to terminal
"B" which is in turn coupled through resistor 70 to ground
potential. More will be said subsequently as to the effect upon the
circuit when any of the switches exemplified by 68 are
actuated.
Resistor 72 is coupled to junction point 62 and to the anode of a
silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) 74. The cathode of SCR 74 is
coupled to ground at 76 and the gate electrode 77 is coupled to
terminal 78 of switch 64 and also through resistor 70 to ground. It
will be seen that depressing button 80 of switch 64 will close the
circuit between terminals 78 and 79 thereof which are coupled to
junction point 81 momentarily placing a positive DC potential at
gate electrode 77 of SCR 74 causing current to flow through the SCR
to ground. Upon releasing button 80, current will continue to flow
through SCR 74.
Switch 66 is coupled in series with switch 64. Here, resistor 82 is
coupled to junction point 62 and to the anode of SCR 84, the
cathode of which is coupled to junction point 86. The gate
electrode 87 is coupled to terminal 88 of switch 66 and through a
resistor 90 to junction point 86. Junction point 86 is in turn
coupled to terminal 92 of switch 64. Depressing button 94 of switch
66 momentarily closes terminals 88 and 96 placing a positive
potential across SCR 84 causing it to conduct, and release of
button 94 will permit SCR 84 to continue to conduct, if switch 64
has been first actuated causing SCR 74 to conduct and then released
to the position shown in FIG. 2, wherein contacts 92 and 98 are
closed. Thus, if button 94 were momentarily depressed before button
80, at which time SCR 74 was nonconducting, SCR 84 would not
conduct because there would be no conducting path to ground.
A relay 100 having a coil 101 has one terminal thereof coupled
through line 102, line 104, to one of the switch elements 106 of
relay 100 which is in turn coupled through line 108 to terminal 53
of the ignition switch. The other terminal of relay coil 101 is
coupled through line 110 to the anode of SCR 112, the cathode of
which is coupled to junction point 114. The gate electrode 115 of
SCR 112 is coupled to terminal 116 of switch 118 and through
resistor 120 to junction point 114. Junction 114 is coupled through
line 122 to switch element 124 which is a portion of relay contacts
associated with relay 127. In its primary code condition, switch
element 124 is normally in contact with terminal 126 which is
coupled through line 128 to terminal 130 of switch 66. When push
button 132 is depressed, closing contacts 116 and 134, sCR 112 will
be triggered to conduct if push buttons 80 and 94, have, in
sequence, been depressed causing conduction in SCR's 74 and 84
providing a continuous, series path to ground. In this situation,
when current is caused to flow through SCR 112, current flows
through relay coil 101 actuating switch element 106 thereof moving
said switch out of contact with terminal 136 and into contact with
terminal 138. When switch part 106 makes contact with terminal 138.
When switch part 106 makes contact with terminal 138, it will be
seen that a positive potential is applied through line 108 to
conductor 140 providing a positive potential at output terminal
142, thereby providing power to the ignition circuit. The remaining
terminals of the ignition circuit are coupled to ground potential
as indicated at 144.
Relay terminal 136 when in contact with switch part 106 provides DC
potential at a second output terminal 146, terminal 148 being at
ground potential. This set of outputs 146 and 148 provides a second
set of output lines which may be coupled to any appropriate
locking, warning, or other mechanisms for use as additional
security devices on an automobile or the like. As an example, the
output signals on the second set of lines may be used to power
appropriate solenoid locks to be applied to the hood or trunk lid
of an automobile or a steering wheel or transmission lock to
further prevent theft of the vehicle. Many uses of the second set
of outputs may be obvious to those persons skilled in the art.
When ignition switch 50 is closed and a positive DC potential
appears at junction 58, current will also be conducted through line
150, through contacts 152 of relay 126, line 154 to a time delay
mechanism generally designated 156. The time delay mechanism 156 as
shown herein includes appropriate biasing resistors 158, 160 and
162 and capacitors 164 and 165 with resistors 166 to provide an RC
charging circuit capable of firing the unijunction transitor 168
when the charge on the capacitors reaches a predetermined level.
When that occurs, a potential will be applied on the gate electrode
170 of an SCR 172 causing current to flow through resistor 174,
through the SCR 172 through relay contacts 176 of relay 100,
through resistor 166. If the SCR 172 fires before push buttons 80,
94 and 132 have been depressed in sequence to complete the series
circuit through relay coil 101 to ground, to actuate relay 100,
then the potential across the coupling capacitor 178 will be
discharged through the SCR 172 interrupting any current flow
through SCR 74 thereby disabling the system, or in other words
interrupting the series circuit through the switches 118, 66 and 64
to ground.
This condition in which the series circuit to ground is interrupted
will remain for a fixed period of time as determined by the RC time
constant of the time delay circuit 156 following which the SCR 172
stops conducting permitting the operator of the system to again try
to actuate the buttons in the proper sequence to complete the
circuit before the time delay interrupts the circuit once more. On
the other hand, if the sequence is properly completed and relay 100
is actuated, relay 100 will cause a change in the contacts 176 in
the time delay circuit interrupting current flow through the SCR
172 thereby removing the time delay circuit from the system.
If any of the other switches 68 which are not part of the series
circuit are depressed at any time before or after switches 64, 66
and 118 are actuated, they will interrupt current flow through SCR
74 by coupling terminal point B to ground shutting off SCR 74.
Thus, in its primary code sequence, it is necessary to actuate the
three buttons of the primary code here representing digits 3, 5 and
9 in that sequence before the time is reached as established by the
RC time constant of the time delay circuit 156 so that the series
circuit is completed through relay coil 101 which then actuates
switch contact 106 into contact with terminal 138 providing power
to the ignition circuit. Unless that specific sequence is followed,
the time delay takes over and disables the circuit for a
predetermined period of time. Additionally, if one actuates any of
the other push buttons the system is disabled at any point even
after push button 132 has been actuated. Thus, the operator must
know the proper code sequence and execute it accordingly within the
time provided or the application of the power to the ignition
system will be interrupted. In FIG. 2, the push buttons 80, 94 and
132 have been coded with exemplary digits 3, 5 and 9 which would to
the operator indicate the numerical code sequence 3-5-9 as being
the primary code. The unused switches 68 may be coupled through a
two position switch 69, which is either operated independently or
as a part of relay 127. Switch 69 is connected to ground, and each
of the "N" buttons is coupled to terminal B so that actuation of
any of the unused buttons will disable the primary code circuit by
shorting the gate of SCR 74 to ground. It will be observed that
after buttons "3" and "5" have been actuated, a second actuation of
button "3" will disable "5". In the alternate code mode, switch 69
moves to contact 69a, connected to junction 212 thereby grounding
the cathode of SCR 206. Thus, the unused "N" buttons and the
primary code buttons "3" and "5", are of no further effect in
disabling the circuit so a parking attendant cannot destroy the
alternate made by incorrect button use. If switch 69 is actuated by
relay 127, this function is automatic, but the use of switch 69 may
be optional.
In order to permit use of the system by another authorized person,
and without disclosing to anyone the primary code sequence 3-5-9,
the system permits a change or substitution of the primary code
through the use of the same keyboard. A hold button 180, normally
open, has one terminal 181 thereof coupled through line 182 to the
positive potential terminal 54. The other terminal 183 is coupled
to terminal 184 of a release switch 186. The other terminal 188 of
switch 186 is coupled through coil 190 of relay 127 to ground.
Depression of the hold button 180 causes current to flow through
terminals 181 and 183 and through the normally closed release
switch 186, through relay coil 190 causing relay 127 to be
actuated. When that happens, relay contacts 152, 192 and 124 all
change position. When relay contacts 152 change position potential
is removed from line 154 which couples to the time delay circuit
156 whereupon the time delay circuit is removed from the system.
the relay contacts 192 change, contact is made on line 194 which is
coupled to potential terminal 54 whereupon current conducts through
line 194 through contacts 192, through line 196, through normally
closed switch 186 and then through relay coil 190 so that relay 127
is held in this condition. If desired, an indicator lamp 198 may be
included coupled between line 196 and ground so that a visual
indication is provided of when the system has been placed in its
alternate code condition. Now, DC potential is also applied through
line 194, through relay contact 153 and through line 150 to
junction 58 which is coupled to line 60 so that potential was once
more applied at junction point 62. Now the primary code may be
stored in the system by depressing in sequence buttons 80 and 94
causing SCR's 74 and 84 to conduct.
When relay 127 is actuated, switch part 124 moves out of contact
with terminal 126 and into contact with terminal 200. This now
places an additional SCR switch element in series between switches
66 and 118. This additional switch 202 may be any of the other
unused plurality of switches available in the keyboard. The circuit
configuration of the elements coupled to switch 202 is similar to
that already described, including a series resistor 204, SCR 206
with its gate electrode 207 coupled to terminal 208 of switch 202,
and also through resistor 210 to junction point 212. Junction point
212 is coupled through line 214 to terminal 130 of switch 66. Now
with portions of the code already stored in the system, the owner
of the system need only inform a parking lot attendant or the like
that in order to actuate the system he need only press buttons 216
and 132. Button 216 has been assigned digit 8 for the purposes of
this explanation. Accordingly, the owner of the system merely
informs the attendant that in order to actuate the system he
serially depresses numerals 8 and 9 on the keyboard and the system
will function properly. Since the time delay has been removed from
the circuit, it does not form a part of the system in the alternate
code mode.
The system is readily returned to its primary code condition by
actuating release switch 186 which interrupts current flow through
terminals 184 and 188 thereof, momentarily interrupting current
flow through relay coil 190 causing the contacts associated with
that relay to return to their original condition. It will be noted
that in this embodiment, the alternate code sequence is
preestablished. This may be avoided by adding to the circuit a
rotary switch or equivalent coupling SCR 206 selectively to all the
unused switch buttons so the operator can select any unused digit
as the first element of the alternate code sequence.
Turning now to FIG. 3, there is shown an alternate embodiment of
the circuit containing many similar features but providing the
additional flexibility of permitting temporary selection of the
alternate code sequence. In other words, the circuit shown in FIG.
2 provides a fixed alternate code in terms of the previously
selected digit 8 of switch 202 whereas in the circuit shown in FIG.
3, any one of the unused digits may be inserted as an element of
the alternate program code. In FIG. 3, similar features of the
circuit as compared to FIG. 2 are shown by the same reference
numerals and the ensuing description will deal only with the
alternations therein.
As before, closure of ignition switch 50 provides positive DC
potential at terminal 53 and on line 250. Current is conducted
through normally closed contact 252 and switch part 253 of relay K2
to junction point 62. Depression of switch button 80 causes SCR 74
to conduct and upon release of that switch part, SCR 74 will
continue conducting. Also, actuation of push button 94 will cause
SCR 84 to conduct after SCR 74 is conducting and release of button
94 will permit SCR 84 to continue conduction. Then when push button
132 is actuated closing contacts 116 and 134, SCR 112 will conduct
causing current flow through coil 100 of relay K1. Current will
flow to junction point 114, through switch part 254 of relay K4
which is normally in contact with terminal 255 permitting current
to flow to junction point 212 which is in series with terminal 130
of switch 66. Thus, the series circuit is completed and current
flowing through relay coil 100 will cause relay contacts 106 and
136 to open closing relay contacts 106 and 138 permitting current
to flow through line 140 to the output terminal 142. Before the
proper contact buttons are depressed, that is buttons 80, 94 and
132, if current is permitted to flow through contacts 106, 136 and
then through line 256 which is coupled through a thermal time delay
relay 258, excessive current flowing therethrough will cause
contacts 260 to open, so that even though the proper switch
contacts are thereafter actuated, current may be interrupted to the
output 142. Current flows through the time delay relay circuit 258,
through terminal 262, switch part 264, which is coupled to line 266
which is coupled to a common line 268 to which are coupled one of
the normally open terminals of each of the unused switches 270 to
276. The other normally open terminals of each of the switches 270
to 276 are coupled through line 278 to switch element 280 of relay
K4 which is coupled in turn to terminal 282, connected to ground.
Thus, if the operator should depress any of the unused switches 270
to 276, current will flow through the time delay relay 258 because
it is thereupon coupled to ground through terminals 106 and 136
causing the resistance element in the time delay relay 258 to open
the contacts 260.
In order to switch to the alternate code sequence, the hold switch
180 is first depressed causing current to flow through contacts 181
and 183, conducting current through the normally closed release
switch 186 and terminals 184 and 188 thereof to supply potential to
the coils 284 and 286 of relays K4 and K2. When current flows
through relay coil 284, contacts 280 and 282 are opened thus
removing the ground connection of the time delay relay 258 so that
it is thereby removed from the circuit. In addition, relay K4
causes a change in position of the relay contacts 254 and 255,
causing switch element 254 to close contact with terminal 288. At
the same time, relay K2 causes a change in position moving contact
element 253 in contact with terminal 290 providing DC potential to
junction 62 and closing contact between elements 292 and 294. When
elements 292 and 294 come in contact, current is supplied on line
296 to the release switch 186 and also on line 298 supplying
current to common bus 300 for purposes which will become apparent
hereafter. Relay K4 also changes contacts 262 and 264, moving
switch element 264 into contact with terminal 302 thus supplying
positive DC potential from junction 62 through line 304, through
contacts 302 and 264, through line 266 to line 268.
With all the relay contacts changed as previously described, the
operator now enters the first two digits of the primary code,
closing switches 64 and 66, causing their respective SCRs to
conduct. Now to program the alternate code, the operator selects
any of the switches 270 to 276. If he actuates switch 270, for
example, coded for the digit "8", current will flow through
contacts 306 and 308 onto line 278, and then through all of the
normally closed remaining switches 271 to 276. For example, current
flows through normally closed switch 271 to line 310 and thence
through relay 312 closing contacts 314 and opening contacts 316.
Similarly, all of the relays corresponding to all the other
switches which were not actuated will likewise close. No current
will flow through the relay 316 corresponding to switch 270 so
contacts 320 and 322 remain as they were. The relays coupled to
switches 270-276 have double coils such as 312a and 312b of switch
271. When contacts 314 are closed by current through coil 312a,
voltage supplied on bus line 300 conducts current through coil 312b
to hold the relay closed. The same condition occurs for switches
272-276. Now in order to energize the locking circuit, the
attendant is told to actuate the switch coded "8" and "9". When
switch button 270 is first actuated, with the ignition 50 on,
current flows through conductors 278, 332 and 333, contact 334 to
coil 324 of relay K3 which would cause a change of position in the
contacts, closing 326 and 328 and SCR 206 would be triggered to
conduct through line 330. After switch 270 is released, current
would stop in coil 324 and contacts 326 would again make contact
with 335 coupling SCR in series with SCR's 66 and through now
closed contacts 288 and 254 of relay K4 to SCR 112.
Then when switch 132 is depressed, SCR 112 will conduct and all of
the SCRs 112, 206, 84 and 74 are in series completing the code
sequence so that current through coil 100 again occurs causing
relay K1 to supply power to the output terminal 142.
The system may be readily returned to its primary code sequence by
actuating the release switch 186 which interrupts current flow to
the relays K2 and K4 returning all of the aforementioned contacts
to their normal positions, that is the condition shown in FIG. 3.
Similar to FIG. 2, relay K1 can also be provided with a second set
of output terminals for connection with other external locking
mechanisms.
It will thus be readily apparent that the two embodiments of the
circuitry shown herein provide an extremely simple and economical
method for providing a substitute for the traditionally used key
operated ignition switch which may hereafter be done away with in
favor of an ordinary switch which is not key operated, since there
no longer remains a necessity for the use of a key, that function
being supplied by the encoded locking system of my present
invention. Whether or not the first or second embodiment of my
device is used, a means is provided through the use of the same
keyboard operation to change the combination so that there is no
necessity for disclosing the secret code sequence to anyone except
the owner thereof. This secret code sequence can be bypassed and an
alternate code sequence used to permit easy access to the use of
the vehicle by authorized persons who can then be informed of the
alternate code sequence. The theft preventative measures such as
the time delay circuits described herein and the use of secondary
outputs to provide locking mechanisms or alarm devices are all
bypassed when the system is in its alternate code sequence so as to
provide no inconvenience to parking lot attendants and the like.
Similarly, it will be noted that in the alternate code condition of
the circuits shown in the drawings, there is no alarm or time delay
so the attendant may take as long as necessary to apply the proper
code sequence without disabling the system. However, it may be
desirable to discourage theft when the device is in the alternate
code as well. This is readily accomplished by inserting a counter
in line 266 (FIG. 3) and keeping the time delay activated after
depressing the hold button. The counter is coupled to the time
delay and disables it unless it receives a preselected number of
wrong code sequence signals. Thus, a parking attendant can make a
limited number of attempts to use the proper code sequence, usually
enough attempts to get it right, but someone else would not have
free time to try to guess the alternate code, which may only
consist of two digits.
As a further modification of my invention, the alternate code
sequence may be eliminated if it is desired to use the locking
mechanism in conjunction with key operated ignition systems. In
such a case, the code latch 16 of FIG. 1, that is the hold and
release switches 180 and 186 of FIG. 2, and their functions would
be retained so that the vehicle owner can insert the primary code
as previously described. Diode 56 would be removed and line 104
connected directly to junction 62 instead of to 106. When hold
button 180 is momentarily depressed, the vehicle owner enters the
primary code as previously described, closing relay contacts 106
and 138. Thereafter the ignition switch 50 may be used repeatedly
to start and stop the motor until the release button is depressed,
returning the system to coded operation. It is also contemplated
that in line 266, FIG. 3, a counter may be added in series to
further disable the time delay relay to permit a fixed number of
srong code sequences to be utilized without actuating the time
delay for the purpose of further providing some degree of
convenience to the operator.
Accordingly, while several embodiments of the present invention
have been shown and described herein, changes and alterations will
occur to those skilled in the art and it is the aim hereof to
include herein all such changes, modifications and their
equivalents as fall within the true scope and spirit of this
invention.
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