U.S. patent number 3,796,850 [Application Number 05/365,671] was granted by the patent office on 1974-03-12 for pan detector for induction heating cooking unit.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Invention is credited to Terence D. Malarkey, Robert A. McCoy, William C. Moreland, II.
United States Patent |
3,796,850 |
Moreland, II , et
al. |
March 12, 1974 |
PAN DETECTOR FOR INDUCTION HEATING COOKING UNIT
Abstract
A pan detection and control arrangement is provided for an
induction heating cooking unit by providing a reed switch and a
pair of permanent magnets disposed relative to the reed switch to
hold the reed switch in a closed position in the absence of a
sufficient size cooking vessel in position overlying the work coil,
the reed switch operating to an open position to permit
energization of the work coil when the ferromagnetic mass provided
by the cooking vessel is in place to shunt a sufficient part of the
magnetic field through the vessel and away from the reed switch.
Opening of the reed switch permits energization of the work
coil.
Inventors: |
Moreland, II; William C.
(Export, PA), McCoy; Robert A. (Turtle Creek, PA),
Malarkey; Terence D. (Monroeville, PA) |
Assignee: |
Westinghouse Electric
Corporation (Pittsburgh, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
23439847 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/365,671 |
Filed: |
May 31, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/622; 219/626;
219/665; 219/518; 335/207; 335/219 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05B
6/062 (20130101); F24C 15/105 (20130101); H05B
2213/05 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24C
15/10 (20060101); H05B 6/12 (20060101); H05b
005/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/10.49,10.75,10.77,518,519 ;335/205,219,286 ;338/12 ;336/DIG.2
;318/128 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Reynolds; Bruce A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Arenz; E. C.
Claims
1. In an induction heating cooking unit of the type including a
work coil which is adapted to be coupled electromagnetically to a
cooking vessel placed in overlying relation to said coil;
safety control means responsive to levels of magnetic flux above
and below a given range of values of said flux for preventing and
permitting, respectively, energization of said coil;
permanent magnet means disposed relative to said safety control
means, and to the location of the base wall of a cooking vessel
when properly located over said coil, to direct a magnetic field
with a flux level above said given values through said safety
control means in the absence of a ferromagnetic mass at least
comparable to the smallest cooking vessel to be used on said coil
and in said proper location;
said magnetic field being shunted sufficiently in the presence of
said mass in said proper location to reduce the flux level of the
field through said safety control means to a value below said given
values, so that unless an adequate load for coupling is present
above said coil, said coil is
2. In a unit according to claim 1 wherein:
said safety controls means comprises switching means closely
adjacent said coil; and
said permanent magnetic means comprise a pair of permanent magnets
on opposite sides of said switching means, said magnets being
disposed relative to said switching means, and having their poles
arranged, and being spaced apart such that in said absence of said
mass the flux level passing through said switching means causes
said switching means to assume one condition, and in the presence
of said mass the field is shunted sufficiently from said switching
means that the flux level through said switching means is reduced
sufficiently that said switching means assumes
3. In a unit according to claim 1 wherein:
4. In a unit according to claim 2 wherein:
said permanent magnets have their poles oriented generally
vertically, with the north pole of one magnet being upwardly facing
and the north pole of the other magnet being downwardly facing, and
with said magnets being spaced apart sufficiently that said reed
switch is located in a fringe
5. In an induction heating cooking unit of the type including a
work coil underlying a refractory material sheet forming a cooking
surface upon which a cooking vessel is adapted to be supported and
electromagnetically coupled to the coil when the coil is energized,
an arrangement for controlling the energization of said work coil
in accordance with the presence of a ferromagnetic mass at least
comparable to the base wall of the smallest cooking vessel to be
used with said coil when in overlying relation to said coil
comprising:
safety switch means responsive to the presence of levels of
magnetic flux above and below a given range of values to assume one
and another condition, respectively;
permanent magnet means disposed relative to said safety switch
means and to the location of the base wall of the cooking vessel
properly located over said coil, to place said safety switch means
in a magnetic field providing a level of magnetic flux above said
given range of values in the absence of said base wall of said
cooking vessel, said permanent magnet means being so disposed that
sufficient lines of force are shunted sufficiently in the presence
of said base wall of a cooking vessel to reduce the levels of
magnetic flux in which said safety switch means is present to a
level below said given range of values; and
electrical circuit means for controlling energization of said coil
including said safety switch means in said one condition preventing
energization of said coil and in said another condition permitting
energization of said coil, so that unless an adequate load for
coupling is present in the proper location overlying said coil,
said coil is prevented from being energized.
Description
CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 243,715 and the companion U.S.
patent applications referred to therein disclose circuit
arrangements with which the arrangement according to the present
invention may be used.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention:
The invention pertains to the art of pan detection arrangements for
use in induction heating cooking apparatus.
2. Description of the Prior Art:
It has been suggested heretofore, as in U.S. Pat. No. 2,497,753,
that properly locating a mass to be heated by induction heating
apparatus can be used to control a switch controlling the
energization of the induction heating apparatus. In the noted
patent, the presence of a pressing iron, or a cooking vessel, in a
proper location results in the attraction and movement of a
permanent magnet toward the mass to thereby move means for closing
a switch to permit heating of the iron or vessel. In the
arrangement of that patent, the permanent magnet and switch is
disclosed as being located to the side of the pressing iron to be
heated by the induction heating apparatus. Such an arrangement
would be inconsistent with the provision of a smooth top cooking
platform such as is currently preferred for induction heating
cooking apparatus. The general concept of that arrangement could be
employed in connection with current induction heating cooking
apparatus by locating a similar arrangement in the core of the work
coil of the apparatus. However such an arrangement would have
several disadvantages with respect to the arrangement according to
the invention. Among these disadvantages are that the magnet in
moving would likely make an audible sound at the end of its travel,
the magnet so located would be more sensitive to concentrated
magnetic masses than to a distributed one, the space provided by
the core of the work coil is located in a position making it highly
useful for other devices such as a thermal sensor, and the
mechanism would be exposed to accidental mishandling by service
personnel.
An arrangement according to the present invention is considered to
obviate all of these objections.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with an arrangement according to the invention, there
is provided safety control means responsive to levels of magnetic
flux above and below the given range of values for preventing and
permitting, respectively, energization of a work coil, permanent
magnet means is disposed relative to the safety control means and
to the location of the base wall of a cooking vessel properly
located over the work coil to direct a magnetic field with a flux
level above the given values through the safety control means in
the absence of a ferromagnetic mass at least comparable to the
smallest cooking vessel to be used on said coil and in the proper
location, with the magnetic field being shunted sufficiently in the
presence of the mass in the proper location to reduce the flux
level of the field through the safety control means to a value
below the given values so that unless an adequate load for coupling
is present above the coil, the coil is prevented from being
energized.
In the currently preferred form of the invention, the safety
control means takes the form of a reed switch located generally in
a fringe magnetic field between a pair of permanent magnets which
have their poles arranged and are spaced apart such that in the
absence of a mass corresponding to a properly located cooking
vessel the flux level passing through the reed switch causes it to
be closed and in the presence of the mass the field is shunted
sufficiently that the reed switch opens.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation in the nature of a side
elevation showing flux paths in the absence of a magnetic material
vessel in position on a work coil;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation, also in the nature of a side
elevation, showing the shunting effect of the magnetic material
vessel on the flux paths;
FIG. 3 is a view in the nature of a vertical cross section showing
the relationship between the cooking vessel on the cooking surface,
the work coil, and the sensing assembly;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a single cooking unit showing the location
of the permanent magnets and the reed switch relative to the
cooking location; and
FIG. 5 is a block diagram and partly schematic view of the way in
which the arrangement according to the invention may be connected
to a circuit for controlling the cooking unit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In FIG. 1, the safety control means is shown in its currently
preferred form as a sealed, magnetic reed switch 10 having leaf
contacts 12 and 14 which extend out through the ends of the glass
envelope to provide terminals. The contacts of the reed switch are
normally open but are shown as closed in FIG. 1 becuase of the
field from the permanent magnets causes sufficient flux to pass
through the leaves of the reed switch to force their contact ends
to touch each other. The magnetic lines of force, some of which are
collectively identified by the numeral 16, are produced by the pair
of permanent magnets 18 and 20 which have their poles arranged as
shown to provide the magnetic field schematically illustrated. Thus
the orientation of the poles of the left magnet 18 is with north at
the top and south at the bottom, while the orientation of the right
magnet is reversed.
FIG. 2 shows the influence upon the location of the lines of force
16 exerted by placing an extended area mass 22 of magnetic material
in proximity to the reed switch 10. As there shown, the extended
area mass of magnetice material which corresponds to the bottom
wall of a cooking vessel shunts an adequate portion of the field so
that the induced magnetism in the leaves 12 and 14 is insufficient
to maintain the switch 10 is a closed position.
Incorporation of the arrangement according to the invention in an
induction heating cooking unit is best understood in connection
with FIGS. 3 and 4. A refractory material such as a glass ceramic
sheet 24 provides a cooking surface above the work coil 26. A
suitable work coil may comprise litz wire which is wound in a
spiral and then molded in a rubber compound to hold the wire in
place with the proper spacing between successive convolutions. The
work coil also typically includes an underlying layer 28 of the
rubber compound. The work coil is supported from below by an
underlying Transite sheet or block 30 which supports the work coil.
The Transite block 30 is supported by means not shown herein. A
slot 32 is grooved out of a generally central part of the block 30
to receive the reed switch 10 which is held in place by potting it
in with a rubber compound such as Dow Corning Sylgard 185. The
groove is made sufficiently long to accommodate the projecting
terminal ends of the leads, which are connected to two lead wires
34 and 36 (Fig. 3).
In the currently preferred form of the invention, the reed switch
should be sufficiently long that the requisite sensitivity is
provided with respect only to magnetic objects having a
sufficiently extended area as to be comparable to the smallest
diameter cooking vessel intended for use for the coil. Reed
switches which satisfy this requirement are about two to three
inches long (including their terminal ends) such as the Hamlin
Company DRS-2 and DRT-5. Examples of permanent magnets 18 and 20
which I have found to function satisfactorily are Allegheny General
Indox V magnets having top and bottom face areas of about 2 inches
by 1 inch, and about 3/8 inch thick. Such magnets are adequate for
operating reed switches with closing requirements of 70
ampere-turns and opening values of 50 or more ampere turns and are
not heated appreciably by the coil of the range. The spacing
between the facing ends of such magnets used with the identified
reed switch is about 4 inches. However, since variations may occur
between one reed switch and another, and between one pair of
magnets and another current practice is to locate the magnets
relative to the reed switch by first bringing them together
sufficiently close that the contacts close, and then bringing a
magnetic mass comparable to a cooking vessel bottom into the proper
location, then moving the magnets apart until the contacts open.
The magnets are then fixed in place and the operation checked. It
is noted in this respect that a differential may typically be found
to exist between the levels of magnetic flux effecting closing and
opening of the reed switch. Thus it is responsive to levels of
magnetic flux above and below a given pair of values, rather than a
specific given value.
As may be seen from FIG. 4, it is not necessary that the reed
switch and magnet be centered exactly relative to the center of the
work coil. It is only necessary that it be responsive to the bottom
wall of the cooking vessel which is placed generally coincident
with the work coil, the location of which is generally indicated by
the locating indicia 38 provided on the top surface of the cooking
surface.
The manner in which the arrangement according to the invention is
incorporated in general circuit arrangements of the noted patent
applications for operating an induction heating cooking unit will
be described in connection with FIG. 5. The control circuit portion
40 of the arrangement disclosed includes a timing and firing
capacitor 42 for the phase controlled rectifier bridge 44. When the
pan detector switch 10 is open due to the presence of a pan bottom
22, the capacitor charges up from various sources as disclosed in
the noted applications, and is discharged by a semiconductor switch
through a pulse transformer which couples into and turns on the
phase controlled rectifier bridge.
When the pan detector switch 10 is closed because of the absence of
a pan, the capacitor 42 is shorted out through resistor 46 and
accordingly prevented from charging up. Hence the phase controlled
rectifier bridge 44 cannot be turned on, so no power can reach the
power oscillator 48 and work coil 26.
It will be appreciated that the pan detector switch could be
incorporated in the circuit in other ways, such as by controlling a
relay which in turn controls power in one part or another of the
circuit.
The arrangement according to the invention provides the following
safety features. It prevents heating of aluminum foil and possible
fire hazards of foil covered packages. It prevents inadvertent
heating of metallic cooking utensils such as spoons and forks with
consequent burning of the user's hand. It also protects electronic
equipment and pacemaker wearers from an energized coil without the
shielding provided by a cooking vessel.
It is to be noted that in an arrangement according to the invention
the switch is located in what may be considered to be a fringe
portion of the magnetic field as distinguished from what could be
characterized as a main field if the magnets 18 and 20 were of the
type in which the poles were at the ends of the bars, and the north
pole of 18 were facing a south pole of 20. By locating the reed
switch in the fringe area of the field, placing a relatively
extended magnetic mass comprising the bottom wall of the cooking
vessel is able to shunt sufficient lines of force thereto to permit
the reed switch to be moved to an open position.
While the currently preferred arrangement includes the use of the
reed switch, it is to be understood that other devices responsive
to a magnetic field shunted into and out of position could be used
alternatively, one such example being a Hall generator which could
be connected to provide an on-off switching arrangement.
* * * * *