U.S. patent number 3,796,464 [Application Number 05/294,032] was granted by the patent office on 1974-03-12 for resilient connection for mining pick and bushing.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Carmet Company. Invention is credited to Charles S. Davis, Lloyd B. Hansen.
United States Patent |
3,796,464 |
Hansen , et al. |
March 12, 1974 |
RESILIENT CONNECTION FOR MINING PICK AND BUSHING
Abstract
A mining bit with a cylindrical shank has a support block with a
longitudinal bore therethrough for receiving a bushing of hard
material. The shank is rotatably received in the bushing. The bit
is held from axial movement and the bushing from axial and
rotational movement by means of a single keeper. The keeper has a
body portion which is received in a transverse bore in the block
and a matching opening in the bushing. The keeper also has a
protuberance which extends into a circumferential groove in the bit
shank. The protuberance is depressible to move it out of the
groove.
Inventors: |
Hansen; Lloyd B. (Bridgeport,
WV), Davis; Charles S. (Bridgeport, WV) |
Assignee: |
Carmet Company (Pittsburgh,
PA)
|
Family
ID: |
23131606 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/294,032 |
Filed: |
September 27, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
299/104; 403/165;
411/356; 403/378; 411/511; 37/457 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21C
35/1933 (20130101); Y10T 403/7079 (20150115); Y10T
403/32983 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
E21C
35/00 (20060101); E21C 35/193 (20060101); E21c
025/46 () |
Field of
Search: |
;299/86,92 ;37/142A
;85/8.3 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Purser; Ernest R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Gioia; Vincent G.
Claims
1. In combination, a bit block having an axial bore therethrough, a
bushing mounted in said block, said bushing having a wall forming a
longitudinal opening, a bit having a shank received in said
longitudinal opening, a circumferential groove in said shank, said
bit block having a transverse opening therein open to and
tangential to said bore, said transverse opening extending into
said bit block on two sides of said bore, said bushing having an
opening through its wall mating with said circumferential groove
and said transverse opening, a keeper, said keeper having a body
portion closely received in said transverse opening on both sides
of said bore and in said bushing wall opening and a protuberance
extending into said circumferential groove whereby said bushing is
held from rotation and axial movement and whereby said bit is held
from axial
2. The combination of claim 1 in which said bushing has an
outwardly extending flange at its forward end forming a shoulder
bearing against the
3. The combination of claim 1 in which the axis of said
longitudinal opening is offset with respect to the outside diameter
of said bushing so that the wall thickness varies around the
periphery of said bushing, said bushing wall opening being in the
wall portion having the minimum
4. The combination of claim 3 in which said bushing has an
outwardly extending flange at its forward end forming a shoulder
bearing against the
5. The combination of claim 1 in which said keeper is depressible
an amount sufficient to permit said protuberance to be displaced
from said groove.
6. The combination of claim 5 in which said keeper has a metal pin
embedded in said protuberance and in which a substantial part of
said protuberance and said body portion is of a compressible
material, said pin extending only a portion of the length of said
protuberance and having compressible material surrounding
substantially all of its peripheral surface and ends.
7. The combination of claim 6 in which a substantial part of said
protuberance and body portion is rubber, and said keeper includes a
metal casing covering a part of the periphery of said body portion,
and in which
8. The combination of claim 5 in which said transverse opening is
cylindrical in shape with its axis parallel to a tangent of said
bore, and said bushing wall opening has cylindrical surfaces having
a radius equal to the radius of said transverse opening, and said
body portion of said
9. In combination, a bit block having an axial bore therethrough, a
bit having a shank received in said bore, a groove in said shank,
said block having a transverse opening therein open to and
tangential to said bore and extending into said bit block on two
sides of said bore, said opening mating with said groove, a keeper,
said keeper having a body portion closely received in said
transverse opening and a protuberance extending into said groove
whereby said bit is held from axial movement thereof, a substantial
part of said body portion and said protuberance being of a
compressible material, said protuberance having a metal pin of less
length than said protuberance embedded therein in the area in which
said protuberance extends into said groove, said pin having its
axis parallel to the axis of said body portion, said pin being
substantially completely surrounded by and firmly adhered to said
compressible material, said pin
10. The combination of claim 9 in which a substantial part of said
protuberance and body portion is rubber, and said keeper includes a
metal casing covering a part of the periphery of said body portion,
and in which
11. A keeper comprising a generally cylindrical body portion, a
substantial part of said body portion being of a compressible
material, a protuberance extending from said body portion, a
substantial part of said protuberance being of a compressible
material, a metal pin of less length than said protuberance with
compressible material bonded to each end of said pin and
substantially all of its periphery embedded in said protuberance
and in said body portion, said metal pin having its axis parallel
to the axis of said body portion, a metal casing covering a part of
the periphery of said body portion, said pin and said casing being
firmly adhered to said compressible material.
Description
This invention relates to mining tools and more particularly to a
tool assembly including a rotatable bit mounted in a removable
bushing in a bit block. These tools are subject to rough usage and
the bit block, particularly its forward face, becomes worn rather
quickly. Also, because of danger of fires and explosions, the tools
are not welded and repaired in the mines. In some tool assemblies
different size bits cannot be used with the same bit block. Mining
tools for this purpose are shown in Prox U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,275,376
and 3,351,386; Kniff U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,499,685 and 3,512,838; and
Krekeler U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,965,365, 3,088,721, 3,342,531 and
3,397,012. However, all of these tool assemblies have one or more
drawbacks.
It is accordingly an object of this invention to provide a mine
tool and mine tool keeper means.
The foregoing and other objects of the invention will be best
understood from the following description, reference being had to
the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an end view of the tool assembly of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view, similar to FIG. 1, showing a second embodiment of
the invention;
FIG. 4 is an end view of the tool assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a view, partly in section, showing the preferred
embodiment of the keeper of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a view taken on line VI--VI of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is an end view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a view, similar to FIG. 5, showing another keeper of the
invention;
FIG. 9 is a view taken on line IX--IX of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is an end view of FIG. 8;
FIG. 11 is a view, similar to FIG. 5, showing still another keeper
of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a top plan view of FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a view taken on line XIII--XIII of FIG. 11;
FIG. 14 is an end view of FIG. 11; and
FIG. 15 is an elevation of a modified tool of our invention.
Referring more particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings,
reference numeral 2 indicates a bit block having an axial bore 4
therethrough. A bushing 6 is removably received in the bore 4 and
has an outwardly extending flange 7 forming a shoulder 8 at its
forward end which bears against and protects the forward end face
of block 2. A cutter bit 10 is removably received in the bushing 6.
The bit 10 has a circumferential groove 12 in its shank 14 and a
pull out groove 16 in that portion of the bit extending outwardly
beyond the bushing 6. The bushing 6 has an outwardly flaring
bevelled portion 18 at the forward end of its bore for receiving a
mating bevelled portion 20 on the bit 10.
A transverse opening 22 is provided in the block 2 and is open to
the bore 4. As shown the cross-section of the opening 22 at its
longitudinal center is slightly greater than a semi-circle. As
clearly shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 the opening 22 is tangential to bore
4 and extends into the block 2 on two sides of bore 4. The bushing
6 has a transverse opening 24 therein which mates with opening 22
when shoulder 8 abuts the end face of block 2. Opening 24 is also
positioned to mate with groove 12 when bevelled portions 18 and 20
are in engagement. A keeper 26 has a body portion 28 which is
closely received in openings 22 and 24 and a protuberance 30 which
is received in groove 12. The keeper 26 is preferably made of
compressible material; e.g., rubber or plastic, or otherwise
constructed so that the protuberance 30 can be depressed from
groove 12. The bushing 6 is preferably made of an abrasion
resistant material; e.g., cemented metal carbides or hardened
steel.
In operation, the bushing 6 is inserted into the bore 4, until
shoulder 8 contacts the forward end face of block 2 and the opening
24 is positioned to mate with opening 22. The keeper 26 is then
positioned in openings 22 and 24 and the bit 10 inserted into the
bushing 6 with the protuberance 30 in groove 12. To remove the bit
10 a tool (not shown) is received in groove 16 and the bit 10 is
pulled outwardly with the protuberance being depressed by the outer
periphery of shank 14. It will be seen that the keeper 26 prevents
the bushing 6 from rotating and from moving axially. However, the
bushing 6 may be easily removed and replaced. The keeper 26 also
holds the bit 10 in axial position while permitting it to
rotate.
The embodiment of our invention shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is very
similar to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The block 2 and keeper 26
are identical. However, bushing 6 has an eccentric opening 32
rather than a concentric opening. The purpose of this construction
is to permit, in the same block, the use of bits 10' having shanks
14' of various diameters. In all cases the bushing 6' will have a
wall thickness at one position around its periphery equal to the
wall thickness of bushing 6 and the opening 24 will be located at
that position. Thus, there will be provided a bit-bushing set for
each size of bit shank and the selected set will be placed in
position and removed as in the first embodiment.
FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 show the preferred embodiment of the keeper of the
invention. It includes a generally cylindrical body portion 34, a
protuberance 30 extending from the body portion, a metal pin 36 of
less length than the protuberance having its axis parallel to the
axis of the body portion and embedded in the protuberance and body
portion with its ends covered with compressible material, and metal
casing 38; e.g., steel, covering a major part of the periphery of
the body portion. The body portion and the protuberance are of a
compressible material, and in this case rubber, which is firmly
adhered to the casing and substantially all of the pin. The pin has
a main cylindrical body portion 40 with a reduced diameter portion
42 at each end. For ease of insertion the ends of the keeper are
tapered at 44.
The embodiment of the keeper shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 includes a
cylindrical metal pin 46 having bevelled ends 48 embedded in a
compressible body portion 50. This embodiment is similar to that
shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, and basically differs only in the shape
of the pin and in that there is no metal casing. In embodiments
such as this where there is no metal casing, it is preferable to
use a compressible plastic rather than rubber. Plastics are more
suitable for use without metallic casings as they can generally
withstand more abuse than rubber.
FIGS. 11 through 14 show the embodiment of FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 with
rubber and a metal casing 56. Pin 52 therein is of the same shape
as is pin 46 (FIG. 9), as are plastic body portion 50 (FIG. 9) and
rubber body portion 54.
It should be noted that the keepers may vary in shape from that
shown. For best operation the protuberance should deflect, in the
area of shank groove 12, from one-eighth to three-sixteenths inch
when a radial force of 30 lb. is applied to the top of the
protuberance.
While the keeper is of greatest benefit in the combinations of
FIGS. 1 to 4 it may also be used without a bushing as shown in FIG.
15. In this embodiment a bit 60 is mounted directly in bore 62 of a
bit block 64. A keeper 66 is mounted in a transverse opening 68 of
block 64 with its protuberance 70 extending into a circumferential
groove 72 in shank 74 of bit 60.
While it is preferred that the keeper be compressible to permit
ready insertion and removal of the bit, certain advantages of our
invention may be obtained even when the keeper is not. In such a
case the bushing and bit must be inserted into the bit block before
the keeper is put in place and the keeper removed before the bit
and/or bushing are removed.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the novel
principles of the invention disclosed herein in connection with
specific examples thereof will suggest various other modifications
and applications of the same. It is accordingly desired that in
construing the breadth of the appended claims they shall not be
limited to the specific examples of the invention described
herein.
* * * * *