U.S. patent number 3,794,997 [Application Number 05/237,362] was granted by the patent office on 1974-02-26 for vehicle with apparatus for detecting potential collisions.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Kazuhito Iwatsuki, Masami Nishibu, Tohru Toshioka.
United States Patent |
3,794,997 |
Iwatsuki , et al. |
February 26, 1974 |
VEHICLE WITH APPARATUS FOR DETECTING POTENTIAL COLLISIONS
Abstract
In a vehicle having an apparatus for detecting potential
collisions, a chamber is defined by a horizontal C-shaped
reinforcing plate inside the vehicle's bumper. A horn-shaped
antenna for transmitting and receiving microwaves and forming part
of the detecting apparatus is mounted within the chamber,
integrally with a lighting fixture. A waveguide connects the
antenna to a cabinet incorporating a microwave circuit and mounted
in the chamber.
Inventors: |
Iwatsuki; Kazuhito (Aichi,
JA), Nishibu; Masami (Aichi, JA), Toshioka;
Tohru (Aichi, JA) |
Assignee: |
Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki
Kaisha (Aichi-ken, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
26430011 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/237,362 |
Filed: |
March 23, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
|
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Sep 30, 1971 [JA] |
|
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46-88658 |
Oct 7, 1971 [JA] |
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46-91640 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
342/72; 180/169;
293/117; 343/712; 343/713 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60R
21/013 (20130101); G01S 13/931 (20130101); B60R
19/483 (20130101); H01Q 1/3233 (20130101); B60R
21/0134 (20130101); G01S 2013/93275 (20200101); G01S
2013/93271 (20200101); G01S 2013/93277 (20200101) |
Current International
Class: |
B60R
21/01 (20060101); H01Q 1/32 (20060101); B60R
19/48 (20060101); B60R 19/02 (20060101); G01S
13/00 (20060101); G01S 13/93 (20060101); G01s
009/46 (); H01g 001/32 () |
Field of
Search: |
;343/7ED,8,9,711,712,713
;180/82 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Borchelt; Benjamin A.
Assistant Examiner: Montone; G. E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Toren and McGeady
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A vehicle,comprising a chassis including a shock-absorbing
bumper at the front of the chassis; collision protecting means
mounted on said chassis and including microwave antenna means for
radiating microwaves ahead of the chassis and for receiving waves
reflected from a vehicle ahead of said chassis, microwave circuit
means connected to said antenna means for forming a Doppler signal
from parts of the radiated waves and parts of the reflected waves;
a reinforcing member installed at the inside of said
shock-absorbing bumper and forming a chamber with said bumper, said
microwave circuit means and at least a portion of said antenna
means being mounted in said chamber.
2. A vehicle as in claim 1, wherein said antenna means includes an
antenna structure and said microwave circuit means includes a
cabinet, said antenna structure and said cabinet being mounted in
said chamber and secured to one of said bumper and reinforcing
member.
3. A vehicle as in claim 2, wherein said antenna means further
includes duct means connecting said antenna structure to said
microwave circuit means and being mounted in the chamber.
4. A vehicle as in claim 1, wherein said collision protecting means
includes operating means mounted on said chassis and connected to
said microwave circuit means for responding to the Doppler
signal.
5. A vehicle as in claim 1, wherein said antenna means includes a
plurality of antenna structures each mounted in said chamber.
6. A vehicle as in claim 5, wherein said antenna means includes
duct means connecting said antenna structures to said microwave
circuit means.
7. A vehicle as in claim 5, wherein said antenna structures are
mounted on opposite sides of said chassis along the bumper in said
chamber.
8. A vehicle as in claim 1, wherein said chassis forms a
longitudinal center line, said bumper forming an opening, said
antenna means including a horn, a lamp having a reflector mounted
at the window adjacent said horn, said reflector being directed to
radiate light out of the window in a substantially straight
direction ahead of the chassis, said horn being positioned to
direct the waves through the window toward the center line of the
chassis.
9. A vehicle as in claim 8, wherein a lens is mounted across said
window.
10. A vehicle as in claim 1, wherein said antenna means includes a
pair of horn antennas, said bumper having two windows one on each
end of said bumper, a pair of lamps having reflectors, each
reflector being mounted adjacent one of said horn antennas at one
of said windows, said chassis having a longitudinal center line,
said reflectors being positioned so as to radiate light
substantially parallel to the center line and ahead of the vehicle,
said horn antennas being positioned to radiate microwaves ahead of
the chassis and towards the center line.
11. A vehicle, comprising a chassis including a shock-absorbing
bumper at the front of the chassis; collision protecting means
mounted on said chassis and including microwave antenna means
mounted on the front of said chassis for radiating microwaves ahead
of the chassis and for receiving waves reflected from a vehicle
ahead of said chassis, microwave circuit means connected to said
antenna means for forming a Doppler signal from parts of the
radiated waves and parts of the reflected waves; guard means for
limiting the distance said antenna means must extend to said
microwave circuit means and for protecting said microwave circuit
means, said guard means including mounting means for forming a
mounting chamber behind said bumper and for mounting said microwave
circuit and at least a portion of said antenna means in said
chamber behind said bumper.
12. A vehicle as in claim 11, wherein said antenna means includes
an antenna structure and said microwave circuit means includes a
cabinet, said antenna structure and said cabinet being mounted in
said chamber and secured to one of said bumper and said mounting
means.
13. A vehicle as in claim 12, wherein said antenna means further
includes duct means connecting said antenna structure to said
microwave circuit means and being mounted in the chamber, said
guard means limiting the extent of said duct means.
14. A vehicle as in claim 13, wherein said antenna means includes
an antenna for receiving and transmitting energy, said energy being
mounted in said chamber.
15. A vehicle as in claim 13, wherein said antenna means includes a
first antenna for teansmitting energy and a second antenna for
receiving energy, at least one of said antennas being mounted in
the chamber.
Description
REFERENCE TO CO-PENDING APPLICATION
This application relates to the co-pending application of Kazuo
Sato, Tomio Hisatsune, and Minoru Izawa, Ser. No. 134,348, filed
Apr. 15, 1971, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,735,191, issued May 22, 1973
entitled VEHICLE SAFETY DEVICE, and assigned to the same assignee
as this application. The subject of this co-pending application is
hereby made a part of the present application as if fully recited
herein.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to vehicle safety devices, and particularly
to apparatuses for detecting potential collisions between one
vehicle and another and means for mounting the components of such
apparatuses on a vehicle.
A recently developed safety device protects the occupants of a
vehicle, during a crash, from injuries that might result from the
secondary collision, by inflating an air bag. The aforementioned
co-pending application discloses a means to obtain the time needed
for inflating the air bag when a collision is imminent. That
application discloses a system for contactlessly detecting the
imminence of a crash prior to the actual occurrence of the crash.
The apparatus for detecting potential collisions is installed on a
vehicle, which by virtue of such installation may be called a
safety vehicle. On such safety vehicles antennas radiate microwaves
and receive reflected waves from a vehicle in the path of a the
safety vehicle.
Mounting such a system on a vehicle such as a car so that the
antennas can readily radiate and receive energy and pass the energy
to suitable circuits creates a number of problems. Microwave
components installed under the hood with the car's engine are
subject to high heat generated by the engine and to impairment by
gasoline, oil or other environmental conditions. Consequently, the
operation of the entire system may be subject to deterioration. On
the other hand, if the microwave components are distributed over
the vehicle, losses may result, or the entire system may be
needlessly complicated by the use of flexible duct that connects
the antennas with other microwave circuits.
An object of this invention is to avoid such problems.
Another object of the invention is to furnish a safety vehicle
having such potential-collision detecting apparatusses operatively
and simply mounted thereon for convenient use.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to a feature of the invention, a reinforcing member is
mounted on the inside of a shock-absorbing bumper on the safety
vehicle, and antenna means and a cabinet holding a microwave
circuit are housed in the chamber formed by the reinforcing member
and the bumper. The antenna means serve to radiate and receive
microwave energy and include antenna bodies that direct the energy
ahead of the safety vehicle and collect the portion of the radiated
energy reflected from another vehicle in the path of the safety
vehicle. The microwave circuit is connected to the antenna means
and serves to form Doppler signals from portions of the radiated
signal and received signal.
According to another feature of the invention, the antenna bodies
are mounted in the housings of the direction indicator lamps in the
front bumper of the vehicle. Preferably, the antenna bodies are
horn-shaped and radiate the microwaves radially toward the center
line of the vehicle.
These and other features of the invention are pointed out in the
claims. Other objects and advantages in the invention will become
obvious from the following detailed description when read in light
of the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings:
FIGS. 1 through 6 illustrate an embodiment of the invention.
Specifically
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus, for detecting
potential collisions, using a four antenna system;
FIGS. 2 and 3 are side and plane views, respectively, illustrating
the mounting of the component elements of the system in FIG. 1 in a
vehicle body, such mounting embodying features of the
invention;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are cross-sectional views respectively taken along
lines IV--IV and V--V of FIG. 3; and
FIG. 6 is a partly broken-away perspective view of the bumper in
FIGS. 2 and 3.
FIGS. 7 through 9 illustrate a second embodiment of this
invention.
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a potential collision detecting
apparatus using a two antenna system; and
FIGS. 8 and 9 are side and plane views, respectively, illustrating
the mounting of the component elements of FIG. 7 in a vehicle body
in a manner embodying features of the invention.
FIGS. 10 through 12 illustrate a third embodiment of the
invention.
FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of a potential collision detecting
apparatus utilizing a one antenna system;
FIG. 11 is a plane view illustrating each component element of FIG.
10 in a vehicle body in a manner embodying features of the
invention; and
FIG. 12 is a cross sectional view taken along the line XII--XII of
FIG. 11.
FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate an example of the manner in which the
antenna body is installed in the three beforementioned embodiments,
which installation embodies features of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a front view illustrating half of the vehicle and
FIG. 14 is a cross sectional view taken along the line XIV--XIV of
FIG. 13.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIGS. 1 through 6 illustrate an apparatus for detecting potential
collisions using an antenna system in which transmitting antennas
are mounted separately from receiving antennas. One set of
antennas, i.e. one receiving antenna and one transmitting antenna
is provided at either side of the vehicle V on which the entire
device is mounted. In the potential collision detecting apparatus
of FIG. 1 a transmitting antenna 1 and a receiving antenna 2 are
provided on the right hand side of the vehicle. A transmitting
antenna 1' and a receiving antenna 2' are provided on the left hand
side of the vehicle in the same manner as the antennas 1 and 2.
A microwave circuit 10 connected to the four antennas 1, 2 and 1',
2' by suitable ducts, produces Doppler signals. When a collision is
inevitable, or appears inevitable, a logic operating circuit
determines the time remaining until the occurrence of the collision
on the basis of the Doppler signal from the microwave circuit
10.
In the microwave circuit 10, a generator 11 produces ultrashort
microwaves. A T-branch tube divides the microwaves generated by the
generator 11. Directional couplers 13 and 13' couple the branch
sides of the T-branch tube 12 to the transmitting antennas 1 and
1'. Detectors 14 and 14' receive the output of the receiving
antennas 2 and 2' through the directional couplers 13 and 13' via
suitable ducts. The detectors 14 and 14' are electrically connected
to a logic operating circuit 3.
In FIG. 1, the directional couplers 13 and 13' transmit a portion
of the microwave energy from the generator 11 to the detectors 14
and 14'. The transmitting antennas 1 and 1' transmit most of the
microwaves toward a vehicle in the path of the vehicle V. The
receiving antennas 2 and 2' sense the waves reflected from the
vehicle in the path of the vehicle V. These waves are directed to
the detectors 14 and 14'. The detectors 14 and 14', using the
principle of homodyne detection, mix the radiated waves with the
reflected waves and produce Doppler signals each exhibiting the
difference in frequency between the transmitted and received
waves.
Upon receiving the two Doppler signals, the logic operating circuit
3 calculates whether the vehicle in the path of the vehicle 1 is
within crashing range or whether both vehicles will pass each other
without crashing. The circuit 3 also determines the predetermined
remaining time available for inflation of air bags when a collision
is imminent.
A system of the type illustrated in FIG. 1 is also described in the
beforementioned co-pending application.
The mounting of the potential collision detecting apparatus of FIG.
1 is illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. In FIGS. 2 and 3, the
transmitting antennas 1 and 1' form horn-shaped antenna bodies or
structures 1a and 1a', the receiving antennas 2 and 2' are formed
into similar horn-shaped antenna bodies or structures 2a and 2a'.
The microwave circuit 10 is tightly sealed in a cabinet 10a.
Waveguides 15 and 15' for the transmitting antennas 1 and 1' extend
between transmitting antennas bodies 1a and 1a' and the generator
11 in the cabinet 10a. Flexible waveguides 16 and 16' for receiving
antennas 2 and 2' extend between receiving antenna structures 2a
and 2a' and the detectors 14 and 14' in the cabinet 10a.
Electrical cables 17 and 17' connect the detectors 14 and 14' in
the cabinet 10a and a cabinet 3a holding the logic operating
circuit 3. When installed in a body 20 of the vehicle V, the
transmitting antenna structures 1a and 1a' as well as the cabinet
10a holding the microwave circuit, and the waveguides 15 and 15'
for the transmitting antennas, are located on a shock-absorbing
bumper 21. The receiving antenna structures 2a and 2a' in the
cabinet 3a for the logic operating circuit to be connected to the
above-mentioned members by the flexible waveguides 16 and 16' in
cable 17 and 17' are provided at the frontmost portion of the body
20.
The mounting mechanism at the bumper 21 is illustrated in FIGS. 4
through 6. In FIGS. 4 through 6, the bumper 21 exhibits a reversed
C-shaped cross section. A reinforcing plate 22 formed
cross-sectionally into a C-shape is secured to the inside of the
bumper by means of bolts 23 or other securing means. The plate 22
defines a closed chamber 25 between the plate 22 and the bumper 21.
A stay 24 for mounting the bumper is installed at the back of the
reinforcing plate 22 to reduce shock.
Antenna windows 26 and 26' with inwardly bent portions 28 are
formed from the front of the bumper 21. They are located at the
center of the left and right ends of the bumper 21. At positions
aligned with the windows 26 and 26' of the chamber 25, brackets 27
and bolts 23, or other securing means, secure the rear ends of the
transmitting antenna bodies 1a and 1a' to the reinforcing plate 22.
The front ends of the antenna bodies 1a and 1a' are positioned to
be supported by the bent portions 28 and the packings 29. The
cabinet 10a of the microwave circuit 10 is installed at the center
of the chamber by fixing the flanged portion thereof to the
reinforcing plate 22 by means of the bolts 23 or other securing
means. The waveguides 15 and 15' for the transmitting antennas are
linearly connected between the cabinet 10a and the transmitting
antenna structures 1a and 1a'.
FIGS. 7 through 9 illustrate another apparatus for detecting
potential collisions, using a two antenna system in which each of
two transmitting antennas also serves as a receiving antenna. In
the apparatus for detecting potential collision as illustrated in
FIG. 7, transmitting-receiving antennas 31 and 31' are connected to
circulators 32 and 32' in the microwave circuit 10. When they are
to be installed on the vehicle body 20, horn-shaped antenna bodies
or structures 31a and 31a' and the cabinet 10a as well as two
waveguides 33 and 33', which connect the antennas and the cabinet,
are housed in the bumper 21 as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. Thus, all
components are arranged in one place. Only the cabinet 3a for the
logic operating circuit 3 is installed in the body 20.
FIGS. 10 through 12 illustrate another apparatus for detecting
potential collisions. This one utilizes a single antenna system in
which the vehicle velocity or the like can be detected by part of
the detecting apparatus. In FIG. 10 the apparatus for detecting
potential collisions is provided with a single
transmitting-receiving antenna 31. The microwave circuit 10 is
composed of the generator 11, the circulator 32 and detector 14.
The latter actuates the operating circuit 3. the structure 31a is
horn-shaped. When they are installed on the body 20 of the vehicle
V, the antenna 31 is located at the center of the bumper 21.
Therefore, the antenna body or structure 31a and the cabinet 10a of
the microwave circuit form an integral structure as shown in FIG.
12. Bolts 23 or other securing means fix the antenna structure 31a
and cabinet 10a to the reinforcing plate 22 within the chamber 25.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the logic operating
circuit 3 is mounted as shown in FIG. 1. However, according to
still another embodiment of the invention, the logic operating
circuit 3 and other control elements which do not handle microwaves
are also installed at the bumper 21 and welded to the reinforcing
plate 22 together with those components handling microwaves.
In each of the antenna systems described above, the antenna bodies
or structures are installed at the bumper of the vehicle body.
FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate preferred embodiments using mounting
means adjacent to the directional signal lights mounted in a
bumper. In the embodiments of FIGS. 13 and 14, the antenna body 1a
of the transmitting antenna 1 is incorporated integrally with a
direction indicator lamp 41. A window 40 having a width larger than
that required for installing the direction indicator lamp 41 is
provided at a position at the front of the bumper where the
direction indicator lamp is to be installed.
The horn-shaped antenna body 1a, that is the antenna horn, is
arranged adjacent a reflector 43 having a lamp 44 at the center
thereof at the inside of a lens 42 of the window 40. The reflector
43 is directed straight forward and the antenna body or structure
1a is inclined so that the opening thereof is directed toward the
center line of the vehicle V holding the bumper 21. Thus, the
single window 40 serves to pass the light from the directional
signals and the microwave radiation of the collision-probability
detection apparatus, namely the apparatus which detects potential
collisions. Similarly, the antenna body 1b at the side of the body
is made integral with the directional signal on that side of the
body.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the width
indicator is integrally installed with the antenna body 1a.
In the safety vehicle V carrying the detecting apparatus according
to this invention, the antenna and other components handling
microwaves are installed in close proximity to each other. Thus,
transmission losses are reduced and the use of flexible duct can be
minimized. Sealing the microwave circuit in its housing protects
the microwave circuit from water and dust. Moreover, it is
protected from flying stones. Because the microwave components are
not mounted under the hood in the vicinity of the engine, the
components, and particulary the microwave circuit is not exposed to
high heat or exhaust gases from the engine. The plating on the
exterior surface of the bumper protects the microwave components
housed within the body from temperature rises due to sunshine.
An opening which is already available for passing illumination from
lamps forming part of the directional signals is utilized as an
opening for transmitting and receiving microwaves from the
antennas. Thus, the structural strength of the portions supporting
the antennas are not significantly affected.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the portion of the
vehicle which is not shown in FIG. 13 is identical to the portion
which is shown.
The front of the window 40 is colored to suit the purpose of the
direction indicators. The window is made of a material such as
acryl having a low dielectric constant into which the lens 42 is
inserted. The lens 42 has a reduced attenuation to wave
transmission in the microwave range.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the lens 42 is
colored to suit the purpose of the directional signals. It is made
of an acrylic material having a low dielectric constant. It
provides low attenuation to microwave transmission.
While embodiments of the invention have been described in detail,
it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the invention
may be embodied otherwise without departing from its spirit and
scope.
* * * * *