U.S. patent number 3,794,199 [Application Number 05/249,641] was granted by the patent office on 1974-02-26 for hydraulic self-leveling device for a loader bucket.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Harvester Company. Invention is credited to Richard J. Bromberek, Gale A. Holloway, Robert J. Oliver, Rudolph E. Yeh.
United States Patent |
3,794,199 |
Bromberek , et al. |
February 26, 1974 |
HYDRAULIC SELF-LEVELING DEVICE FOR A LOADER BUCKET
Abstract
A mechanically actuated single valve which has a sequence of
opening and closing port connections controlled by a timed spool.
The timing of the spool in conjunction with a priority system is
such that upon actuation of the self-leveling valve, manual
rollback of the bucket is no longer possible.
Inventors: |
Bromberek; Richard J.
(Lockport, IL), Oliver; Robert J. (Westmont, IL), Yeh;
Rudolph E. (Elmhurst, IL), Holloway; Gale A. (Joliet,
IL) |
Assignee: |
International Harvester Company
(Chicago, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
22944373 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/249,641 |
Filed: |
May 2, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
414/700;
414/701 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02F
3/433 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E02F
3/43 (20060101); E02F 3/42 (20060101); E02f
003/86 () |
Field of
Search: |
;214/762,763,764 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Spar; Robert J.
Assistant Examiner: Mannix; John
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Schoerli; John A. Harman; Floyd
B.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A valve assembly which automatically cuts out manual control and
governs actuation of the double acting fluid cylinder means of a
work bucket to achieve leveling thereof upon boom raising
comprising:
a fluid pump means pumping high pressure hydraulic fluid;
a manual fluid direction control means;
a movable mechanical feed back linkage connected to the bucket, and
to said valve assembly means;
a valve means including:
a housing means having a longitudinally extending bore means
intersected at axially spaced intervals therealong by first,
second, third, fourth and fifth port means, said first port means
being connected to said manual fluid direction control means and
said second port means being connected directly to said fluid pump
means, said third and fifth port means being connected to said
double acting fluid cylinder means on the rod side thereof and said
fourth port means being connected to said double acting fluid
cylinder means on the head side thereof;
a valve spool means axially movable in said bore means from a
neutral position blocking fluid from all port means except said
first and said third port means;
a link means connected to said valve spool means for transferring
force from said mechanical linkage means to shift said spool means,
blocking said first port means, to an operating position
communicating said pump means with said rod side via said second
and said fifth port means, and to open said head side via said
fourth port means to dump, whereby said manual fluid direction
means is cut out and said bucket is automatically maintained level
to said boom; and
a priority system means blocking the operation of said manual fluid
control when said valve spool is in a working position.
2. The valve assembly of claim 1 wherein said spool means has a
longitudinal extending channel means connecting a fluid reservoir
means with said fourth port means.
3. The valve assembly of claim 2 wherein said spool means has a
plurality of axially spaced apart circumferentially extending
groove means communicating corresponding adjacent port means when
said spool means is in a working position.
4. The valve assembly of claim 3 wherein said spool means has a
plurality of axially spaced apart circumferentially extending land
means covering corresponding adjacent port means when said spool is
in a neutral or equilibrium position.
5. The valve assembly of claim 4 wherein said spool includes a
plurality of axially spaced apart circumferentially extending
groove and land means include both first and second groove means
and, first and second land means, said first groove means
communicating said first port with said third port and said first
land means covering said fourth port means and said second land
means covering said second and fifth port means, when said spool
means is in said neutral position.
6. The valve assembly of claim 5 wherein:
said bore means has a plurality of spaced apart circumferentially
extending groove means positioned adjacent said port means; and
said land means of said spool have feathered edge means.
7. A valve assembly of claim 6 wherein said longitudinally
extending bore means has first and second end means each being
provided with first and second stop means respectively, said first
stop means carrying said mechanical link means and said second stop
means having a channel means therein.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This application is related in subject matter to application Ser.
No. 249,604 filed May 2, 1972.
This invention relates to material loaders including a prime mover
and a loader frame having a boom and a bucket, and more
particularly, to a self-leveling device for maintaining the bucket
in a constant position relative to the boom during the working
cycle.
As is well known in the art, assemblies of this nature comprise a
self-propelled vehicle or support, the front end of which mounts a
boom structure that is hydraulically actuated in a plane
perpendicular to that of the vehicle. The boom of a front end
loader, for example, carries a bucket which engages material as the
tractor is driven forwardly, etc. As the boom is raised, the bucket
containing the material must be reoriented in relationship to the
ground or tilted back such that the maximum amount of material be
maintained therein. As is apparent, the vehicle operator, during
this series of maneuvers, is required to steer the vehicle, actuate
the boom and maintain the bucket in the proper tilt-back
orientation as the boom is raised. Obviously, the proper and
continuous performance of these functions is not feasible, and
error of the operator's judgement in regard to the bucket
orientation could very easily result in the rolling back and
dumping of the bucket load on himself. Accordingly, it is
conventional to provide some sort of automatic self-leveling means
for maintaining the bucket in the proper orientation. These have
heretofore consisted mainly of mechanical linkages incorporated to
some extent with the means for releasing the bucket for tilting.
However, for the most part, these mechanical linkages have left
much to be desired in the way of operational and cost
considerations.
In accordance with the invention, a valve assembly is disclosed
which automatically cuts out manual control and governs actuation
of a double acting cylinder to achieve leveling thereof as the boom
is raised. The assembly includes a high pressure pump for applying
high pressure fluid through a circuitry system both to a manual
fluid directional control and valve housing. The manual fluid
directional control means is a standard open center manual type
valve in which the operator by initiating movement of a spool can
control the flow directions of both supply and return fluid. A
feedback linkage which is connected or at least senses position of
the bucket in relationship to the vehicle or prime mover is used to
actuate a spool in the valve means. Upon actuation of the spool,
the manual fluid directional control means is cut out of the
hydraulic circuitry and fluid is redirected both into and out of
the valve. The assembly further includes a priority system which
insures the cutting out of the manual fluid directional control
means during the period of self-leveling.
Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide an efficient
economical self-leveling device for maintaining the proper
bucket/ground orientation during the material handling cycle.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a self-leveling
device which cannot be overridden such that rearward spilling of
the bucket contents becomes impossible, above a given boom
height.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a self-leveling
assembly which can be adjusted such that self-leveling becomes
automatic at various boom heights.
Another object of this invention is to provide a self-leveling
assembly which can be manually overridden, but only into a dump
position, when in the self-level range.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a spool-type
valve assembly for controlling the actuation of the bucket
hydraulic cylinders automatically.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a material loader of the type
mentioned with parts of the mechanism indicated;
FIG. 2 is a cross section view of the self-leveling valve;
FIG. 3 is a cross section view of a priority valve; and
FIG. 4 is a cross section of another priority valve.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Turning now to the drawings, and first to FIG. 1, the material
loader 106, with which the invention is associated, includes a
support vehicle means 108 and a boom means 110 upon which is
mounted a bucket means 112 and a rodside working double acting
hydraulic cylinder means 20. A mechanical feedback linkage means 46
communicates movement of bucket means 112 to leveling assembly
means 10.
As shown in FIG. 2, the leveling assembly means 10 herein shown in
a one-spool valve assembly comprising a housing means 12 provided
with a longitudinally extending bore means 14 in which the spool
means 16 horizontally reciprocates. Upon actual movement of spool
means 16, the manual control means 18 is cut in or cut out of the
hydraulic circuitry whereby control of a double acting fluid
cylinder means 20 is assumed by valve assembly means 10. As can be
seen, longitudinally extending bore means 14 is intersected at
axially spaced intervals by first and second port means 22 and 24
and third, fourth and fifth port means 26, 28 and 30. As will later
become more apparent, the above ports have been thus identified
because in some instances they function as input ports while in
others they function as output ports.
A power driven hydraulic pressure source, such as a pump 32 has its
pressure side connected to manual control valve means 18 by line 34
and to valve means 10 by line 36. It should be noted that valve 18
is of any conventional open-center type having a high pressure
outlet means 38 and a dump line means 40 whereby fluid is
selectively supplied to and exhausted from the opposite sides of
hydraulic cylinder means 20. As is apparent the functions of valve
18 are reversible, at which time system "A" which includes line
means 38 and 38a assumes the function of system "B" which includes
dump line 40 and vice versa. This occurs simply upon moving the
control spool located therein. When being actuated such that dump
command is given bucket 112, high pressure fluid passes through "A"
system, and return fluid to dump through "B" system. As is
apparent, "A" and "B" systems perform the reversed function when a
rollback command is given.
As shown in FIG. 2, spool means 16 is in a neutral position; in
this position, the rod side 25 of hydraulic cylinder means 20
communicates with the manual control valve means 18 via system "A"
consisting of line means 38 and 38a. As is evident, when spool
means 16 is moved to the left from its neutral position into a
working position by mechanical input lever means 42, high pressure
fluid line 36 is opened and fluid line means 38 is closed. The
sensitivity of the mechanical feed-back linkage means 46 of which
lever 42 is the terminus must be designed such that it is
compatible with the loader means 106 geometry and the
characteristics of valve means 10. However, it must be understood
that such mechanical linkages are well known in the art and that
we, in no way, intend to limit the claims and scope of the
invention herein disclosed.
Mechanical input shaft means 42 journals a plug means 44 which
closes off bore means 14 against loss of high pressure fluid. Seal
means 46, cutting off leaks, is provided between plug means 44 and
end 48 of housing means 12. A second seal means 50 serves the same
function between input shaft 42 and plug bore means 52. A shoulder
means 54 on input shaft means 42 functions such that when in a
neutral state, a seating means is provided to limit the rightward
travel of input shaft 42. As is evident, when force is not being
transmitted to input shaft means 42 to overcome spring means 60,
spring means 60 maintains the fluid directing assemblage to the
right, that is, keeps shoulder means 54 in a seated arrangement and
spool 16 in a neutral position.
Spring centering mechanism 60 has a first end section means 65
positioned in a counterbore means 62 of end 64 of spool means 16.
The second end means 63 thereof is positioned in a second
counterbore 66 located in plug means 68. Plug means 68 closes off
second end 70 of bore means 14 and a seal is formed with second end
72 of housing 12. As is apparent, spring means 60 yieldably holds
spool means 16 in a neutral position as shown in FIG. 2. In this
neutral position, high pressure fluid from manual control valve
means 18 is in fluid communication with rod side 25 of hydraulic
cylinder means 20 through high pressure line 38 via first port 22
and third port 26.
A longitudinally extending channel means 74 extends directly
through plug means 68 and spool means 16, groove means 76 being
provided at end 56 of spool 16.
The spool means 16 is provided with a series of land means; first
means 78, second means 80 and third means 82. Separating said axial
spaced land means are first, second and third groove means 88, 90
and 92. Correspondingly adjacent to said spool groove means and
land means are a plurality of first, second, third, fourth and
fifth spool bore groove passage means 94, 96, 98, 100 and 102. As
is apparent from a consideration of FIG. 2, passage means 94, 98,
100 and 102 are extensions of the correspondingly adjacent port
means.
It can be seen that when the spool 16 is shifted to the left from a
neutral position shown in FIG. 2, third port means 26 will be
closed by land means 86 and the groove means 88 will place fifth
port 30 and second port 24, via high pressure line 36, in direct
fluid communication with pump 32. Thus, high pressure fluid will
flow through self-leveling means 10 to fluid cylinder means 20.
Simultaneously therewith, grooved means 90 opens fourth port 28
such that low pressure hydraulic fluid from hydraulic cylinder
means 20 passes into passage means 96 and therefrom, via spool bore
means 104, into channel means 74 and subsequently to dump (not
shown).
As will be apparent from a consideration of the structure shown in
FIG. 2, the effective area means 27 on rod side 25 of hydraulic
means 20 is smaller than the effective area 29 on head side 31
thereof. Thus, if during the self-leveling period, the operator
were to mistakenly actuate manual control valve 18 opening system
"B" to high pressure fluid such that the pressure in hydraulic
cylinder 20 of the head side 31 and the rod side 25 is the same, it
is apparent that because of the unequal effective areas involved,
it would be possible to roll the bucket back. In order to avoid
such consequences, a sequence or priority valve means 118, as shown
in FIG. 3, is included in the system.
Priority valve means 118 includes a first port means 120, a second
port means 122 and a third port means 124, all of said port means
entering into a common bore chamber 126. Reciprocatively carried in
bore 126 is a shuttle spool means 128 having a port means 130 which
intersects bore means 132. Transversely extending bore means 132 of
shuttle valve 128 has a restricted means 134 at 136 such that as
fluid passes from right to left, a pressure drop is created
thereacross. A centering spring means 138 maintains said valve
means 128 in a position such that fluid passes from port 120
through 122. However, at the advent of fluid passage through port
124 from port 122 the resulting pressure drop created across
restriction 134 causes the shuttle spool 128 to shift against
spring 138 and thereby close off port 120. By this means, it is
apparent that as soon as port 28 opens to dump upon the shift means
16, shuttle means 128 will cut off port 120 such that if the
operator attempts to drive high pressure fluid through system "B,"
it will be of no consequence.
Another priority valve system is shown in FIG. 4, which when not in
a self leveling range, is in a neutral position as shown. Flow is
possible from port means 142 and 144, in housing means 143 by
passing around the annulus means 146 in the spool means 148. Both
roll back and dump manual commands are possible. When the self
leveling valve moves to the self-leveling position, port means 22
and 26 are blocked. The small hole means 150 in the sequence valve
spool means 148 permits port means 152 and 154 to be at the same
pressure. Thus, spool 148 remains in the neutral position as shown,
by the spring force means 156. Should the operator give a manual
rollback command ports 22 and 152 would effectively go to dump
pressure. Ports 26 and 154 would remain at effectively high
pressure. This pressure differential from port 154 to 152 will
overcome the spring 156 and shift the sequence valve spool 148
toward port 152. Thus blocking off the flow from port 142 to 144.
This prevents head side 31 of cylinder 20 from seeing high pressure
and rolling back. When the operator releases the manual rollback
command, ports 152 and 154 again are subjected to the same pressure
and the spring force returns the spool 148 to the neutral
position.
In the operation of a loader system incorporating a self-leveling
means as described, the work cycle begins with the positioning of
the boom in a float position and the filling of the bucket. As the
boom means 106 (as shown in FIG. 1) is raised, the amount of
leveling necessary to keep the bucket 112 properly aligned
increases. Thus, up to a certain boom height, bucket orientation
problems are minor. As is apparent, even if the bucket is rolled
back such that it dumps, the load falls in front of the vehicle and
not on the operator. However, as the boom is progressively raised,
dependent upon the loader system assembly, the dangers inherent
with rollback increases. It should be noted that the operator may,
to get a maximum bucket load initially after filling, roll the
bucket back as far as possible before raising the boom. Thus, when
the boom reached a certain elevation the material in the bucket
would spill back on the operator. Therefore, above a certain
height, it is desirable that an automatic self-leveling means
performs the leveling function.
Thus, when the loader system is actuated and the boom is being
raised at a certain predetermined height in the preferred
embodiment, the mechanical linkage means 46 causes the engagement
of the leveling valve means 10 at a height of about tractor hood
height. As previously stated, simultaneously with the actuation of
leveling means 10, manual valve means 18 is deactuated. Upon
engagement of leveling valve means 10, spool means 16 begins to
slide to the left of the drawing as shown in FIG. 2 whereupon fifth
port 30 opens as third port 26 closes, followed very shortly
thereafter by the opening of dump port 28. Upon the opening of dump
port 28, a pressure drop is created as previously stated, across
shuttle means 128 with the subsequent movement thereof and cutting
off of flow from system "B." Thus, attempted operator actuation of
rollback command by manual spool means 18 becomes substantially
impossible. At the top of the raising cycle or wherever the
operator chooses to stop the upward movement of boom means 110, the
self-leveling valve means 10 assumes a static or equilibrium
position. In this steady state position spool means 16 shifts to
the right such that port 28 is cut off, however, the juncture of
edge 83 and edge 85 is just sufficient to terminate flow
therebetween. Thus, only the slightest movement of mechanical input
means 42 will be sufficient to shift spool means 16 to the left
with the immediate removal of control for manual spool means
18.
A further aspect of the timing of spool means 16 involves the
identical feathering of metering notch means 81, 81a and 81b.
Without such feathering means upon opening of the corresponding
land means, a pressure peak would result causing the bucket to jump
or chatter, etc. The notch means 81, which is identical to the
others, comprises a generally "V" like indentation on the surface
of the land means 82 having a squared base means 116 extending
horizontally from the face means 114 of groove means 92. The timing
arrangement of the notch means 81, 81a, and 81b is such that the
working side of hydraulic cylinder means 20 is pressurized before
the exit port side opens. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, port means
30 opens prior to port means 26, thereby avoiding pressure peaks,
etc.
* * * * *