U.S. patent number 3,793,847 [Application Number 05/341,891] was granted by the patent office on 1974-02-26 for refrigeration apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Philco-Ford Corporation. Invention is credited to John A. Scarlett, Eugene L. West, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,793,847 |
Scarlett , et al. |
February 26, 1974 |
REFRIGERATION APPARATUS
Abstract
A dual-compartment refrigerator having a single evaporator, a
single fan, and ducts associated therewith for directing air from
within each compartment over the evaporator, and for returning the
air to the compartments. Operation of the evaporator is under the
control of a thermostat in the warmer, food storage compartment,
and temperature of the colder, frozen storage compartment is
established and maintained by a manually adjustable, compound
damper effective to proportion air flow between the compartments
and the evaporator. The compound damper includes a first portion
adjustable to establish the desired temperature differential as
between the compartments, and a second portion adjustable according
to season, or to extremes of usage, to maintain desirable
temperature levels within each compartment.
Inventors: |
Scarlett; John A. (Richmond,
VA), West, Jr.; Eugene L. (Richmond, VA) |
Assignee: |
Philco-Ford Corporation (Blue
Bell, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
23339448 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/341,891 |
Filed: |
March 16, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
62/190; 62/186;
62/187; 62/408; 62/419 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25D
17/065 (20130101); F25D 2400/06 (20130101); F25D
17/045 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F25D
17/06 (20060101); F25D 17/04 (20060101);
F25b () |
Field of
Search: |
;62/186,187,408,419,190 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wye; William J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sanborn; Robert D. Hargis, III;
Harry W.
Claims
We claim:
1. In a refrigerator of the type comprising an insulated cabinet,
an insulated divider wall in said cabinet providing separate,
adjacent fresh food and frozen food compartments, means forming an
air duct extending along a wall of said frozen food compartment,
said duct having an inlet opening and an outlet opening, an
evaporator within said insulated cabinet and positioned in said
duct, a fan for moving air through said duct over said evaporator
from said inlet opening to said outlet opening, air passage means
for delivering a portion of the air moved by said fan to said fresh
food compartment, passage means for returning air from said fresh
food compartment for flow over said evaporator, and a thermostat in
said fresh food compartment for controlling energization of said
evaporator to maintain a predetermined temperature in said fresh
food compartment, the improvements which comprise: first and second
damper means extending across the path of air caused to flow
through said air passage means, for controlling the air flow
therethrough, said first damper means being selectively movable
either to an open or to a closed position to control one portion of
the flowing air, and said second damper means being selectively
movable to one of a plurality of positions between substantially
open and substantially closed positions to control another portion
of the flowing air.
2. Improvements in a refrigerator as set out in claim 1 being
further characterized in that said first and second damper means
are disposed in substantially side-by-side relation in said air
passage means.
3. Improvements in a refrigerator as set forth in claim 2, being
further characterized in that said first damper means is of lesser
area than said second damper means.
4. In a refrigerator of the type comprising an insulated cabinet,
an insulated vertical divider wall in said cabinet providing
separate, vertical side-by-side fresh food and frozen food
compartments, means forming an air flue extending vertically along
a wall of said frozen food compartment, said flue having a lower
inlet opening and an upper outlet opening, an evaporator within
said insulated cabinet and positioned in said flue, a fan for
moving air through said flue over said evaporator from said inlet
opening to said outlet opening, air passage means for delivering a
portion of the air moved by said fan to the upper portion of said
fresh food compartment, passage means for returning air from the
lower portion of said fresh food compartment to said flue in the
region of said evaporator, and a thermostat in said fresh food
compartment for controlling energization of said evaporator to
maintain a predetermined temperature in said fresh food
compartment, the improvements which comprise: first and second
damper means disposed in side-by-side relation in said air passage
means for controlling the air flow therethrough, said first damper
means being selectively movable either to an open or to a closed
position, and said second damper means being selectively movable to
one of a plurality of positions between substantially open and
substantially closed positions.
5. Improvements in a refrigerator as set out in claim 4, being
further characterized: in that said first and second damper means
are mounted for pivotal movements about vertically extending,
individual axes; by theinclusion of a lever for operating said
first damper means, said lever being movable between a pair of
positions corresponding to the open and closed positions of said
first damper means, and overcenter spring means for maintaining
said positions of said damper means; and by inclusion of a manually
rotatable wheel for operating said second damper means.
6. Refrigerator cabinet structure including a pair of side-by-side
compartments separated by a vertically extending divider wall, said
wall having a first air passage therethrough in an upper region
thereof and a second air passage therethrough in a lower region
thereof, an evaporator in one of said compartments and including a
portion disposed in the region of said second air passage, means
defining a vertically extending flue in said one compartment and
arranged to enclose said evaporator, an inlet air passage in a
lower region of the flue, an outlet air passage in the upper region
of the flue, a fan arranged to draw air through said inlet air
passage, over said evaporator, and to direct said air through said
outlet air passage to cool said one compartment to below-freezing
temperatures, said flue communicating with said first air passage
whereby a portion of the fan-forced air flows into said other
compartment through said first air passage and out of said other
compartment through said second air passage, thermostatic control
means responsive to predetermined temperature levels in said other
compartment for establishing and maintaining cyclic operation of
said evaporator, and improved air flow divider means associated
with said flue for proportioning air flow through said air outlet
and said first passage means into said compartments, said divider
means comprising a compound damper extending across said first air
passage and including a first adjustable portion operable to a
position establishing desired temperature levels within each
compartment in accordance with ambient atmospheric conditions, and
a second adjustable portion operable to a position establishing a
desired temperature differential between said compartments.
7. Refrigerator cabinet structure according to claim 6, and further
characterized in that: said first adjustable damper portion
comprises a first vane selectively movable either to a closed
position blocking off air flow through a corresponding section of
said first air passage, or to an open position affording
substantially full air flow through said corresponding section; and
said second adjustable damper portion comprises a second vane
selectively movable between a plurality of positions including
substantially open and closed positions affording varying
quantities of air flow as well as substantially no air flow through
a corresponding portion of said air passage.
8. Refrigerator cabinet structure according to claim 7, and further
characterized in that said first vane is of lesser area than said
second vane.
9. Refrigerator cabinet structure according to claim 8, and further
characterized by the provision of overcenter spring means operable
to maintain either open or closed position of said first vane.
10. Refrigerator cabinet structure according to claim 7, and
characterized further in that said air flow divider means is
disposed in an upper region of said flue, and includes a deflector
extending into said flue and effective to direct a portion of the
air flowing in the flue through said first air passage.
11. Refrigerator cabinet structure according to claim 10, and
further characterized by the inclusion of additional outlet air
passage means in said flue, in a region thereof intermediate said
first recited inlet and outlet passages.
12. Refrigerator cabinet structure according to claim 10, and
further characterized in that said first air passage extends
horizontally, in that said first and second vanes are disposed for
pivotal movements about vertically extending axes, and in that said
first vane is disposed at a level above the level of said second
vane.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to refrigeration apparatus, and more
particularly to temperature control means for plural compartment
refrigerator cabinets.
More particularly, the invention has to do with improvements in the
temperature control of plural compartment refrigerators of the
forced air circulation type having a single fan and a single
evaporator.
In a dual compartment, single-fan, single-evaporator refrigerator
of one known type, thermostatic control of the evaporator is
achieved using an air-temperature sensing element in the warmer
food storage compartment. An adjustable air flow divider
proportions the flow of air cooled by the evaporator, through the
frozen storage and the food storage compartments, in provision of a
desired temperature differential between these storage
compartments.
If the air flow divider be adjusted, however, for a particular
ambient atmosphere condition, for example 70.degree. F., then
satisfactory control may not be achieved at a higher ambient
atmoshere temperature, for example 110.degree. F., due to unequal
rates of heat flow into the food storage and the frozen storage
compartments. In the higher ambient temperatures, the refrigerating
unit will tend to operate for longer periods of time, causing the
frozen storage compartment to become colder than necessary, since
operating temperatures of the unit are a function of the
temperature sensed in the food storage compartment. Excessive
operation of the refrigerating unit may also occur under conditions
of extreme usage, characterized by a large number of door openings
per day, or by insertion of substantial quantities of warm foods in
the refrigerator.
It is an objective of this invention to provide improved air flow
divider means for proportioning the flow of air between a pair of
storage compartments and the region of an evaporator, or like means
forming part of the cooling unit, whereby to achieve uniformity of
storage temperatures over a range of ambient temperatures.
It is a further objective of the invention to provide more flexible
control of single-thermostat, two-compartment refrigerators.
A still further objective of the invention is to provide improved
control means for dual-compartment, single-evaporator, single-fan
refrigerators, ensuring rapid restoration of storage temperatures
under extreme conditions of thermal loading.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In achievement of the foregoing as well as other objectives and
advantages, the invention contemplates provision, in a dual
compartment refrigerator cabinet of the type including an
evaporator, a fan, ducts leading to and from said evaporator and
said compartments, and a temperature control for said evaporator,
of improved flow divider means for proportioning air flow through
said air ducts and into said compartments, comprising compound
damper means in one of said air ducts including a first adjustable
portion operable to establish a desired temperature differential as
between said compartments, and a second adjustable portion operable
to establish desired temperature levels within each compartment in
accordance with ambient atmospheric temperatures.
The manner in which the foregoing as well as other objectives of
the invention may best be achieved will be more fully understood
from a consideration of the following description, taken in light
of the accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is an elevational showing of a two-compartment refrigerator
cabinet embodying the invention, with doors removed and parts
broken away for convenience of illustration;
FIG. 2 is a sectional showing, on a larger scale, taken along the
line indicated by arrows 2--2 applied to the cabinet seen in FIG.
1, and illustrating details of air handling means to which the
invention is particularly directed;
FIG. 3 is a sectinal showing of the air handling means seen in FIG.
1, taken generally along the line indicated by arrows 3--3 applied
to the latter figure;
FIG. 4 is a sectional showing of a portion of the air handling
means seen in FIG. 3, taken generally along the line indicated by
arrows 4--4 applied toFIG. 3; and
FIG. 5 is a sectional showing of a portion of the air handling
means as shown in FIG. 4, taken generally along the line indicated
by the arrows 5--5.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
With more detailed reference to FIG. 1, a refrigerator cabinet 10
includes a pair of compartments 11 and 12 disposed in side-by-side
relation and defined by insulated top, bottom, side and rear walls
13, 14, 15, 16, respectively, in cooperation with an insulated
central wall 17 integrally formed with walls 13, 14 and 16. The
liner of this refrigerator may be and preferably is of the type
disclosed and claimed in the copending disclosure of John A.
Scarlett bearing Ser. No. 311,722, filed Dec. 7, 1972, and assigned
to the assignee of this invention. Access to compartments 11 and 12
is afforded by doors of conventional design (not shown) which may
be hinged to cabinet 10 along their respective outer vertical edges
and held closed by conventional means, both to seal and to latch
the doors against the frontally facing surfaces of cabinet 10.
Cooling is afforded by an electrically defrostible evaporator 19,
preferably of the fin-and-tube type, disposed in the lower region
of left-hand compartment 11. Evaporator 19 is connected in
conventional series refrigerant flow circuit with a compressor, a
condenser, and a capillary tube restrictor, none of which elements
is shown. The compressor and condenser conveniently are disposed in
a compartment provided in the lower region of cabinet 10, and
operation of the compressor, to establish desired temperatures, is
under the control of an adjustable thermostat 35 provided with a
knob 35b and having its sensing element 35a in right-hand
compartment 12 so that it is responsive to temperature of air
therein.
In especial accordance with the invention, and with further
reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, an air flue 20 extends in spaced,
substantially parallel, relation to the rear wall of compartment
11. The lower end of flue 20 is disposed above evaporator 19, and
defines a shroud 21 for a fan 22 supported by its motor M on
suitable bracket means 23 affixed to the shroud. Motor M is so
positioned that fan 22 is aligned with an intake opening 24 formed
in the shroud, for reasons to be described herein in more detail. A
baffle 32 overlies evaporator 19 and fan motor M, and extends
upwardly from a lower region of the rear wall of compartment 11
that defines a drain trough (not shown) for evaporator 19. Louvers
37 are provided in baffle 32 to serve as an air intake opening from
compartment 11. Air discharge openings 33, 33a to compartment 11
are provided in flue 20, above the level of evaporator 19.
The upper end of flue 20 includes an air damper housing 25 provided
with an upwardly presented opening 41 (FIGS. 1 and 4), and a
rearwardly facing opening 26, over which extends a downwardly
facing air deflector 27. The vertically extending air passage
defined by flue 20 is aligned with an opening 28 defined by the
lower region of deflector 27. The right hand side of damper housing
25 has another opening 29 aligned with a first opening 30 provided
in an upper rear portion of center wall 17, and affording air-flow
communication, between housing 25 and the upper region of
compartment 12. A decorative baffle 34 overlies housing 25 and
adjacent structure, such as light L, and is spaced from the liner
walls to accommodate air circulation thereabout. A second opening
31 is provided in wall 17, in a lower portion thereof, and is
positioned to afford air-flow communication between lower regions
of compartment 12 and the region of the enclosed evaporator 19.
A tapered air duct 38 in compartment 12 communicates at its larger
end with opening 30, and includes openings 39 in an upper region
thereof for distributing cooled air into compartment 12. The
sensing element 35a for thermostat 35 is disposed in a housing 40
adjacent duct 38, and in which location it is shielded from
relatively cold air leaving openings 39. By virtue of this
arrangement, thermostat 35 is fully responsive to temperatures
within compartment 12. Also, a decorative baffle 36 overlies duct
38, thermostat 35, and compartment light L', and is spaced from the
liner walls to accommodate circulation of air thereabout.
construction and arrangement of the elements thus far described is
such that closure of thermostat 35, upon predetermined elevation of
temperature within compartment 16, energizes the compressor and fan
motor M. This reduces the temperature of the evaporator and drives
fan 22 to withdraw air, in accordance with flow arrows seen in FIG.
1, from compartment 11 through the intake openings 37, for flow
over the evaporator. After flowing over evaporator 19, the cooled
air is drawn through fan shroud opening 24, and is directed
upwardly through the flue. Some of this air is discharged through
openings 33, 33a and the remainder continues to flow upwardly for
discharge of one portion through opening 41 and for deflection of
another portion by deflector 27 into opening 26 (see also flow
arrows, FIGS. 3 and 4). The air discharged through opening 41 is
directed into freezer compartment 11, and mixes with air discharged
through openings 33, 33a, which air is returned to flue 20 through
air intake 37.
In further and more particular accordance with the invention, air
is caused to flow from damper housing 25, under the control of a
compound damper device 42, through opening 30, into duct 38, and
outwardly thereof through openings 39. Air from openings 39 flows
through compartment 12, and leaves the latter through lower opening
31 for flow over evaporator 19. The damper device comprises an
upper damper 43 and a lower damper 44 each pivotally mounted for
independent movements about vertically extending axes. Upper damper
43 is pivotal between an open and a closed position (see FIG. 5) by
operation of a manual lever 46 (FIG. 2), and is held in one or the
other position through urging of an overcenter spring 45. Lower
damper 44 is movable between a fully opened and a substantially
fully closed position (see FIG. 3), with intermediate partially
opened and closed positions, by means of a manually operable wheel
or knob 48.
The disclosed refrigerator has, in effect, three controls
comprising thermostat 35, upper damper 43, and lower damper 44.
Thermostat 35 controls operation of the motor compressor to
maintain a preferred food compartment temperature of about
37.degree. F., as may be selected by adjusting knob 35b, and lower
damper 44 is in effect an air-splitting means which proportions the
evaporator cooled air between refrigerator compartment 12 and
freezer compartment 11, in order to afford desired temperature
differentials (e.g., about 37.degree. F.) between these
compartments.
If damper 44 is adjusted to a setting corresponding to a particular
ambient temperature, say 70.degree. F., to afford about 0.degree.
F. freezer compartment for about a 37.degree. F. food compartment
temperature (i.e., 37.degree. F. differential), then this same
setting is not likely to afford desirable compartment temperature
balance at 110.degree. F. ambient atmospheric temperature, due to
unequal rates of heat leakage into the compartments at the
different ambient temperatures. For example, freezer compartment 11
will become considerably colder than necessary (e.g., less than
0.degree. F.) in higher ambient temperatures, if the proportioning
of air flow is not regulated, in view of the fact that compressor
operation (hence evaporator operation) is under the control of
temperatures sensed in compartment 12.
The present invention affords a solution to this problem by its
provision of composite damper structure including upper damper 43
and its selective adjustability to open position for warmer
seasonal temperatures (e.g., 110.degree. F.) to decrease the flow
of cold air into freezer compartment 11, and to increase the flow
of cold air into food compartment 12 during the high ambient
temperatures or periods of extreme usage, to compensate for
increased heat leakage into food compartment 12 at these
conditions.
Upper damper 43 is adjustable to closed positon (full line, FIG.
5), as desired for a cooler seasonal temperature (e.g., 70.degree.
F.), to increase the flow of cold air into freezer compartment 11
and to decrease the flow of cold air into food compartment 12, thus
compensating for decreased heat leakage into compartment 12 at the
lower temperatures.
It is a still further feature of the invention that upper damper 43
can be moved to open position (broken line, FIG. 5) to increase the
refrigeration effect in the food compartment 12 under such
additional conditions as follows: when replacing foods that have
been removed for the purpose of cleaning the refrigerator; when
placing warm, recently purhcased foods and beverages in food
compartment 12; or when the door of the food compartment is to be
opened more than one hundred times per day.
It will of course be understood that for any of the conditions
requiring upper damper 43 to be open, the lower damper 44 should be
in at least its closed or substantially closed position as is
provided by rotation of knob 48 to an appropriate setting. For
example, knob 48 is provided with indicia reading "1, 2, 3,
Coldest" in providing temperature control for freezer compartment
11. Setting No. 1 of knob 48 affords full open position of damper
44, whereas the "Coldest" setting of knob 48 affords substantially
closed position of damper 44. Lever 46 will therefore be moved to,
or kept at, its "Off" position to close damper 43 when control knob
48 is set at its No. 1 or No. 2 position.
In view of the foregoing it will be appreciated that the invention
affords improved control means for dual-compartment,
single-evaporator, single-fan refrigerators, ensuring rapid
restoration of storage temperatures under extreme conditions of
thermal loading.
* * * * *