U.S. patent number 3,793,750 [Application Number 05/284,736] was granted by the patent office on 1974-02-26 for athletic shoe for artificial turf.
This patent grant is currently assigned to BRS, Inc.. Invention is credited to William J. Bowerman.
United States Patent |
3,793,750 |
Bowerman |
February 26, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
ATHLETIC SHOE FOR ARTIFICIAL TURF
Abstract
An athletic shoe suitable for use on artificial turf is
described including an improved upper of a porous multiple layer
construction and an improved sole having integral polygon shaped
studs. The upper is preferably made of nylon tricot fabric outer
layer, a polyurethane foam middle layer, and a porous synthetic
fabric inner layer. This greatly reduces the weight of a football
shoe made in accordance with the invention so that it is
approximately one-half the weight of a conventional leather
football shoe as well as providing great comfort and enabling use
in wet weather without damage. The sole has short multi-sided
polygon shaped studs of square, rectangular or triangle cross
section, having a plurality of flat sides which provide gripping
edges that give greatly improved traction.
Inventors: |
Bowerman; William J. (Eugene,
OR) |
Assignee: |
BRS, Inc. (Tigard, OR)
|
Family
ID: |
23091337 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/284,736 |
Filed: |
August 30, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
36/59C;
36/129 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A43B
13/223 (20130101); A43B 1/04 (20130101); A43B
5/06 (20130101); A43B 23/024 (20130101); A43B
23/026 (20130101); A43B 23/0235 (20130101); A43B
23/028 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A43B
13/14 (20060101); A43B 13/22 (20060101); A43B
5/00 (20060101); A43B 5/06 (20060101); A43b
023/28 () |
Field of
Search: |
;36/9R,59R,59C,32R,2.5R,2.5AG |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lawson; Patrick D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Klarquist, Sparkman, Campbell,
Leigh, Hall & Whinston
Claims
I claim:
1. An athletic shoe in which the improvement comprises:
a shoe upper;
an outer sole of resilient material including a bottom surface
having a plurality of studs formed integral with the remainder of
said bottom surface and projecting downward from the bottom surface
of said sole, said studs being of a multi-sided polygon shape with
a plurality of straight sides and having a projection height less
than its width, and said studs forming the entire ground contacting
surface of said shoe; and
an intermediate sole of resilient material of lower hardness than
that of said outer sole provided between said shoe upper and said
outer sole.
2. A shoe in accordance with claim 1 in which the studs are square
shaped in cross section.
3. A shoe in accordance with claim 2 in which the studs provided in
staggered rows and adjacent studs in each row are spaced apart by a
distance at least as great as the width of the studs.
4. A shoe in accordance with claim 1 in which the studs are all of
the same size and shape, and are uniformly distributed over the
entire bottom of the shoe.
5. A shoe in accordance with claim 1 in which a shoe upper portion
of multiple layer construction including an outer layer of porous
synthetic fabric, an intermediate layer of foamed plastic, and an
inner layer of porous synthetic fabric.
6. A shoe made in accordance with claim 5 in which the outer layer
is made of nylon tricot fabric.
7. An athletic shoe in which the improvement comprises:
a shoe upper portion of multiple layer construction including an
outer layer of porous nylon fabric, an intermediate layer of porous
resilient foam material through which air can pass, and an inner
layer of porous synthetic fabric; and
a sole attached to said shoe upper and including a plurality of
polygon shaped studs projecting downward from the bottom surface of
said sole.
8. A shoe in accordance with claim 7 in which the intermediate
layer is made of polyurethane foam and the inner layer is made of
nylon fabric.
9. A shoe in accordance with claim 7 in which the sole includes an
outer sole layer of resilient material having a plurality of square
shaped studs formed integral with and projecting downward from the
remainder of said outer sole layer.
10. A shoe in accordance with claim 9 in which the sole includes an
intermediate sole layer of resilient material different from that
of said outer sole layer and of a greater thickness than said outer
sole layer, said intermediate sole layer being provided between the
shoe upper and the outer sole layer, and said outer sole layer
being of greater hardness than said intermediate sole layer.
11. A football shoe in which the improvement comprises:
a shoe upper;
a sole including an outer sole layer of resilient material having a
plurality of studs formed integral with the bottom surface of said
outer sole layer and projecting downward from a support portion,
said studs being of a multi-sided polygon shape, and an
intermediate sole layer of resilient material of lower hardness
than said outer sole layer provided between said shoe upper and
said outer sole layer, and said studs being adapted to grip
artificial turf with high traction.
12. A football shoe in accordance with claim 11 in which the studs
are square shaped in cross section and are uniformly distributed
over the bottom of the shoe.
13. An athletic shoe in which the improvement comprises:
a shoe upper;
a sole attached to said shoe upper, including an outer sole layer
of resilient material having a plurality of multi-sided
polygon-shaped studs formed integral with and projecting downward
from the remainder of said outer sole layer; and
an intermediate sole layer of resilient material different from
that of said outer sole layer provided between said shoe upper and
said outer sole layer, said outer sole layer being of greater
hardness than said intermediate sole layer and being of less
thickness than said intermediate sole layer at least for those
portions of the outer sole layer between said studs.
14. An athletic shoe in which the improvement comprises:
a shoe upper portion of multiple layer construction including an
outer layer of porous synthetic fabric, an inner layer of porous
synthetic fabric and an intermediate layer of porouse resilient
foam material through which air can pass between said inner and
outer layers; and
a sole attached to said shoe upper including an outer sole layer of
resilient material having a plurality of studs formed integral with
and projecting downward from the remainder of said outer sole
layer, and an intermediate sole layer of resilient material
different from that of said outer sole layer provided between said
shoe upper and said outer sole layer, said outer sole layer being
of a greater hardness than said intermediate sole layer.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to athletic shoes suitable
for use in games requiring a rapid change in direction such as
those played on artificial turf surfaces, and in particular, to a
football shoe which is light weight, water resistant, and gives
good traction. The term "football" as used herein includes not only
American style football, but also European style football or
soccer. However, the present shoe may be employed by players of any
game on artificial turf and is particularly useful in games which
require that the players stop, start and change direction rapidly.
For example, this shoe can also be employed by lacrosse players and
field hockey players.
Previous football shoes used on artificial turf do not provide good
traction because they are made with circular or conical cleats or
are provided with pointed cleats of other shape. It has been found
that greatly superior traction can be achieved by employing a
multi-sided polygon shaped cleat having a plurality of straight
sides which form edges that "bite" into the artificial turf.
Furthermore, by arranging the studs in staggered rows with adjacent
studs in each row spaced apart by a distance at least as great as
the width of such studs, the heat conducted from the artificial
turf is reduced as well as improving traction. Thus, cylindrical
polygon shaped studs of square cross section and relatively short
height having a substantially flat bottom gave greatly superior
results when tested by football players on artificial turf under
game conditions.
Conventional football shoes have been made of a leather or vinyl
plastic construction, both of which have disadvantages. Thus, the
leather shoes are quite heavy and weigh between 14 and 16 ounces,
as compared with the shoe of the present invention which weighs
about 8 or 9 ounces. Vinyl football shoes are not much lighter in
weight than leather shoes and have the additional disadvantage that
the vinyl does not "breathe" or transmit sufficient air to allow
good circulation which results in hot, sweaty feet.
The football shoe of the present invention overcomes these
disadvantages by employing a multi-layer sandwich construction for
the upper shoe portion, including an outer layer of porous nylon
fabric such as nylon tricot, an intermediate layer of plastic foam
such as polyurethane foam, and an inner layer of a porous synthetic
fabric backing. A similar upper material has been used previously
for track shoes in U.S. Pat. No. 3,583,081 of H. Hayashi, granted
June 8, 1971, because it "breathes" almost as well as leather, and
is much lighter in weight. In addition such upper material is very
strong and is more water resistant than leather or vinyl in that
the new upper material does not wrinkle, stiffen or crack upon
drying after use in the rain. Furthermore, the shoe is extremely
comfortable to wear because of the polyurethane foam middle layer
which has an extremely soft feeling on the foot.
It is, therefore, one object of the present invention to provide an
improved athletic shoe for use on artificial turf.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved athletic
shoe which is strong and light weight, as well as comfortable and
resistant to water damage.
A further object of the invention is to provide such a football
shoe in which the upper shoe portion is made of a multi-layer
sandwich construction including a porous nylon outer layer, a
plastic foam intermediate layer, and a porous synthetic inner
layer.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a
football shoe in which integral polygon shaped studs are employed
to provide good traction on artificial turf.
A still further object of the invention is to provide such a
football shoe in which the studs are of a square shape and are
arranged in staggered rows so that adjacent studs in each row are
spaced apart by a distance at least as great as the width of the
studs to reduce the heat conducted from the artificial turf.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be
apparent from the following detailed description of certain
preferred embodiments thereof and from the attached drawings of
which:
FIG. 1 is an elevation view of one side of a football shoe made in
accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the sole of the shoe of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a vertical section view taken along the line 3--3 of FIG.
1 showing the multi-layer sandwich construction of the upper shoe
portion on an enlarged scale.
FIG. 4 is a vertical section view taken along the line 4--4 of FIG.
1 showing the improved sole construction on an enlarged scale.
FIG. 5 is an elevation view of a portion of the sole of another
embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 6 is an elevation view of a portion of the sole of a third
embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a football shoe made in accordance with
the present invention includes an upper shoe portion 10 of porous
multi-layer sandwich construction which is bonded to the upper
surface of an intermediate sole member 12 of suitable resilient
material such as synthetic rubber whose lower surface is bonded to
an outer sole layer 14 of a harder rubber or other synthetic
material. The bottom surface of the outer sole layer 14 is provided
with a plurality of studs 16 which are arranged in staggered rows
and are formed integrally with, and project downward from, the
remainder of the bottom surface of the outer sole layer provided by
a support sheet 18 of the same resilient material. Thus, the
support sheet 18 and studs 16 may be molded from a single piece of
rubber in a conventional manner.
The studs 16 are of a cylindrical polygon shape having a plurality
of straight substantially parallel sides 20 which are joined
together and with a substantially flat top portion 22 to form a
plurality of relatively sharp edges which bite into the artificial
turf and give good traction. In the preferred embodiment shown in
FIGS. 2 and 4, the studs 16 are of a square cross section taken
substantially parallel to the bottom of the sole. The studs 16
project downward a distance approximately equal to the width of the
support sheet 18 which may be approximately 1/16 inch. The square
studs 16 have a width X of approximately 9/32 of an inch and
adjacent studs in the same row are spaced a distance Y of about
11/16 inch. The studs are spaced diagonally a distance Z of about
9/32 inch from the studs in the next row.
As shown in FIG. 4, the upper sole portion 10 is bonded between the
sole member 12 and an insole member 24 of sponge rubber having an
outer layer 26 of leather bonded to the top of such insole by a
suitable cement. The rough side of the leather layer 26 is
positioned on top to reduce slippage of the foot within the shoe.
The upper shoe portion 10 is made of multiple layer fabric about
1/32 inch thick, shown in greater detail in FIG. 3. Thus, the upper
material 10 includes an outer layer 28 of porous nylon fabric, such
as nylon tricot, and an inner layer 30 of any porous synthetic
fabric such as nylon, rayon or acetate. An intermediate layer 32 of
expanded plastic foam, such as polyurethane foam or polystyrene
foam is bonded between the outer fabric layer 28 and the inner
fabric layer 30. While the thickness of the intermediate foam layer
32 may vary, it is preferably at least twice as thick as the outer
fabric layer. It has been found that this multiple layer upper
material provides an excellent football shoe for use on synthetic
turf under dry or wet weather conditions. Thus, the porous upper
material 10 breathes to give good ventilation for the feet during
hot conditions and also enables the shoe to dry out quickly after
use under wet conditions. It is possible that a fourth synthetic
layer 33 may be provided for reinforcement on the exposed surface
of the inner layer 30 in regions adjacent the toe of the shoe and
other points of greatest wear. However, the total weight of the
shoe is only about 8 or 9 ounces compared to conventional football
shoes made of leather which weigh from 14 to 16 ounces.
Other cylindrical polygon shapes can be employed for the studs such
as the triangular studs 16' shown in FIG. 5 or the rectangular
studs 16" shown in FIG. 6. These studs are similar to the square
studs 16 of FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, but have a different cross sectional
shape. Thus, the studs 16' have an equilateral triangle cross
section substantially parallel to the sole while studs 16" have a
rectangular cross section. The same general size and spacing
distances are employed. Thus, the spacing between adjacent studs
16' or 16" in the same row is at least as great as the width of the
cleats and in the preferred embodiment is twice such width. This
greater spacing between studs provides greater traction and greater
comfort. One reason for this is believed to be the greater amount
of air between the sole of the shoe and the playing surface of the
artificial turf which reduces the amount of heat conducted from the
turf through the studs to the foot of the wearer. This is extremely
important when playing on artificial turf due to the very high
temperature that such turf reaches on bright sunny days where turf
temperatures have been known to exceed 100.degree. Fahrenheit.
It will be obvious to those having ordinary skill in the art that
many changes may be made in the details of the above-described
preferred embodiment of the present invention without departing
from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the
present invention should only be determined by the following
claims.
* * * * *