U.S. patent number 3,792,595 [Application Number 05/301,010] was granted by the patent office on 1974-02-19 for transportable refrigeration apparatus for preserving perishables.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Thermo King Corporation. Invention is credited to Leonard L. Willis.
United States Patent |
3,792,595 |
Willis |
February 19, 1974 |
TRANSPORTABLE REFRIGERATION APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING
PERISHABLES
Abstract
This invention relates to cooling apparatus used within a
transportable refrigeration compartment for preserving perishables.
The apparatus includes the combination of a heat exchanger having
an exit nozzle for producing and discharging a gaseous cooling
medium and a venturi-type conduit. The venturi conduit comprises an
exit end and a flared inlet end which is aligned longitudinally
apart from the heat exchanger exit nozzle and in a predetermined
spaced relationship therewith. Gas ambient to the compartment and
the cooling medium being ejected from the heat exchanger can be
mixed within the flared end, with the tempered mixture being
exhausted through the venturi conduit exit end and into the storage
compartment. To provide an induced circulation of the tempered
mixture throughout the compartment, the venturi conduit flared
inlet end and the heat exchanger exit nozzle may be enclosed by a
hollow duct having both the front and back walls removed so as to
induce an aspiration effect therein.
Inventors: |
Willis; Leonard L.
(Minneapolis, MN) |
Assignee: |
Thermo King Corporation
(Minneapolis, MN)
|
Family
ID: |
23161541 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/301,010 |
Filed: |
October 26, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
62/414; 62/239;
454/103; 62/89; 62/407 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25D
17/005 (20130101); B60P 3/20 (20130101); F24F
2013/0608 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F25D
17/00 (20060101); F25d 017/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;98/9,20
;62/407,413,414,415,416,418,419,89,97 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wye; William J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Henson; F. H.
Claims
I claim:
1. A transportable refrigeration unit for preserving perishables
including a compartment for storing said perishables, heat exchange
means suitably positioned in relation to said compartment and
adapted to pass a gaseous cooling medium therethrough at a
relatively high velocity and low temperature, an exit nozzle means
in communication with said heat exchange means having an associated
discharge end for discharging said cooling medium therefrom, and a
conduit means, said conduit means comprising an exit end portion
communicating with said storage compartment and a flared inlet end
portion converging with and connected to the exit end portion, said
flared inlet end being of sufficient dimension and aligned
longitudinally apart from said exit nozzle discharge end in the
direction of said coolant flow and in a predetermined spaced
relationship therewith, whereby gas of relatively low velocity and
high temperature and ambient to the perishables and said gaseous
cooling medium of relatively high velocity and low temperature may
be mixed in said flared portion to thereby enable the tempered
mixture to be exhausted from said exit and into said storage
compartment.
2. The invention of claim 1, wherein said flared inlet portion and
the discharge end of said heat exchanger exit nozzle means are
enclosed by hollow duct means, said duct means having both front
and rear ends opened and exposed to said storage compartment.
3. The invention of claim 1, wherein a longitudinally extending
means that is adapted to transport the tempered mixture is
connected to said exit nozzle discharge end, said extending means
having a plurality of spaced openings over a portion of its surface
from which said tempered mixture may be exhausted and distributed
throughout said storage compartment.
4. The invention of claim 1, wherein said flared conduit means
inlet portion is of a larger cross section than that of the
discharge end of said heat exchange means exit nozzle so as to
induce an aspiration effect in the area of the flared portion.
5. The invention of claim 1, wherein said heat exchange means exit
nozzle tapers towards its discharge end.
Description
CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
So far as known, this application is not related to any other
pending patent applications.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The problem of unevenly distributing a cooling gas to a cargo,
which must be preserved by chilling during transit, has been known
to exist in transportable refrigeration compartments of the type
which are cooled by the circulation of refrigerated air. The
temperature in the compartment has been held close to, but often
above, the freezing point of a perishable commodity, such as fresh
produce. Present attempts to correct this problem have included
complex control units or bulky space consuming duct systems.
Methods which provide refrigeration through the use of gases, such
as Freon or carbon dioxide, have been found subject to maintenance
and temperature control problems, while at the same time producing
adverse temperature gradients.
It would therefore be desirable to employ standard refrigeration
apparatus within a transportable cargo container to uniformly chill
a product stored therein without the necessity of complex controls
or complicated space consuming ductwork. It would also be desirable
to reduce the possibility of maintenance and the need for highly
complex temperature control, thereby helping to reduce cost to the
user.
PRIOR ART
The following U.S. Pat. No. disclose examples of a transportable
refrigeration unit and storage compartment for preserving
perishables, wherein a venturi-type tube and an associated heat
exchanger are combined to provide circulation of a temperature
mixture of gases comprising a source of relatively low temperature
coolant and the ambient air surrounding the perishables:
2,780,923 Jones Feb. 1957 3,447,336 Grames June 1969
However, none of the above patents discloses a venturi-type conduit
having a flared inlet end portion which is aligned longitudinally
apart from the respective exit nozzle of the heat exchanger and in
a predetermined spaced relationship therewith.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A transportable refrigeration unit for preserving perishable goods
is disclosed. The unit includes a compartment for storing the
perishables and a suitable disposed heat exchange apparatus which
is adapted to discharge a gaseous cooling medium through the
discharge end of an exit nozzle and into the compartment at a
relatively high velocity and low temperature. A venturi-type
conduit is also provided comprising an exit end portion which
communicates with the storage compartment and a flared inlet end
portion converging to and connected with the exit end portion
through a throat of reduced cross section.
In accordance with the instant invention, the flared inlet portion
is aligned longitudinally apart from the exit nozzle discharge end
and in a predetermined spaced relationship therewith, wherein gas
of a relatively low velocity and high temperature, which is ambient
to the perishables, and the gaseous cooling medium of relatively
high velocity and low temperature may be mixed. The tempered
mixture can then be exhausted through the venturi conduit exit end
and in the storage compartment. To provide an induced circulation
through the compartment and a more even distribution of the
tempered air to the perishables, the heat exchange exit nozzle and
the flared inlet end portion may be enclosed by a hollow duct in
which the front and rear ends are open and exposed to the ambient
air of the perishables so that an aspiration effect can be inducted
therein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary side elevation partly in section of the
instant invention as employed within a transportable refrigeration
unit;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the instant invention as employed
within the cargo space of a transportable refrigeration unit;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are partially broken away cross-sectional views of
the instant invention; and
FIG. 5 is a detailed isometric view of the instant invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings, a transportable
refrigeration vehicle, intended primarily for the transportation of
perishable foodstuffs, is generally represented by the numeral 1.
The vehicle body consists of an outer shell having a top wall 2, a
bottom wall 4, end walls 6 and 8, and side walls 10 and 12, each
wall being provided with an intermediate layer of thermal
insulation 10. Within the vehicle 1 is included a cargo chamber 50,
wherein the perishables may be stored and preserved. Cargo chamber
50 has a floor rack 13 which is disposed above the vehicle body
bottom wall 4 and is composed of a plurality of spaced members 14.
A partition 16 separates chamber 50 from vehicle end wall 6.
Partition 16 is suitably spaced from wall 6, so as to form a
compartment or air space 25 therebetween which communicates with
the channel 18, as formed between the raised floor rack 13 and
bottom wall 4, and the space within cargo chamber 50. Within
compartment 25 is a refrigerant evaporator or the heat exchange
unit 30 of a mechanical refrigeration system.
The heat exchange unit 30 is suitably positioned within the
compartment 25 and adapted to pass a gaseous cooling medium, such
as chilled air, through the cargo chamber 50 at a relatively high
velocity and low temperature. In communication with the heat
exchange unit 30 is a tapering exit nozzle 32 having a truncated
base and an associated discharge end 33 through which the cooling
medium is discharged.
In accordance with the instant invention, a conduit 34 is also
provided within chamber 50 and adapted to receive the cooling
medium being discharged from exit nozzle discharge end 33. Conduit
34 (best illustrated in FIGS. 3 through 5) is of type similar to
the conventional venturi tube and comprises an exit end portion 36,
which communicates with the atmosphere of cargo chamber 50, and a
flared inlet end portion 35, which converges with and is connected
to the exit end portion 36 through an intermediate throat 37 of
reduced cross section. Flared inlet end 35 is aligned
longitudinally apart from the exit nozzle discharge end 33 in a
predetermined spaced relationship so as to form a gap 60 between
inlet end 35 and discharge end 33 in order that the cooling medium
being discharged through discharge end 33 can be received by the
inlet end portion 35. The advantages of maintaining the gap 60
between the exit nozzle discharge end 33 and the inlet portion 35
of conduit 34 will shortly become apparent.
It is desirable that flared inlet portion 35 be of a larger cross
section than that of the exit nozzle discharge end 33. Thus, the
proper dimensioning and spacing of discharge end 33 relative to
inlet portion 35 will cause an aspiration effect within the area of
the flared inlet portion, wherein the gaseous cooling medium,
having a relatively high velocity and low temperature, and gas of a
relatively lower velocity and higher temperature, which is ambient
to the cargo chamber atmosphere and to the perishables contained
therein, may be mixed and the temperatured mixture of gases through
the exit end portion 36 of conduit 34 and into cargo chamber The
tThe principle of an aspiration effect is well known and is
described in greater detail in U.S. Pat. No. 3,447,336 to H.
Gramse.
It has been found that by application of the apparatus as disclosed
above within a transportable refrigeration unit, a gaseous cooling
medium being discharged from the heat exchange unit 30 and having a
temperature of about 51.degree. F could be tempered to efect both a
more moderate discharge cooling medium temperature and a more even
distribution of the tempered mixture throughout vehicle cargo
chamber 50. By way of example, with the cargo chamber ambient air
having a temperature of about 68.degree. F, a tempered mixture has
been exhausted from duct end portion 36 with a resultant
temperature of generally between 55.degree. and 57.degree. F. A
further consequence of the aspiration effect is to more evenly
distribute the tempered mixture by inducing a path of continuous
circulation throughout cargo chamber 50 and down through the floor
rack 13 (shown by FIG. 1) to the forward end of the chamber by way
of channel 18 where the major portion of the air will flow upward
through compartment 25 and into the heat exchange unit 30 for
recirculation.
By aligning flared inlet end 35 longitudinally apart from the exit
nozzle discharge end 33 and maintaining a predetermined space or
gap 60 therebetween, the temperature and volume of the gases
entering inlet end 35 can be regulated, depending upon the size of
the gap, and accordingly, the temperature of the mixture being
exhausted from conduit exit end 36 can be controlled, as desired,
without the need of complex regulating equipment.
The tempered mixture of gases may be exhausted through conduit 34
and directly into the cargo chamber, as illustrated in FIGS. 3
through 5, or exit end portion 36 may be suitably modified as part
of the conduit assembly. It is also within the scope of this
invention for conduit exit end 36 to be longitudinally extended
(not shown) across a portion of chamber 50 in order that the
tempered mixture may be exhausted at a point near the vehicle end
wall 8. Or, still another arrangement, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,
would be to affix a separate, longitudinally extending and closely
woven fabric 40 to exit end 36 which would enable the tempered
mixture to escape from pockets 41 formed between neetting 40 and
the vehicle top wall 2, thereby providing a wider distribution of
the mixture throughout the cargo air space.
As an alternate embodiment of the instant invention, the flared
inlet end portion 35 of conduit 34 and the discharge end 33 of the
heat exchanger exit nozzle 32 may be enclosed by a hollow duct 38
having both its front and rear end walls 42 and 44 open and exposed
to the cargo space which is ambient to the perishables. With the
addition of a duct, such as that shown at 38, it has been found
that an aspiration effect may occur, not only in the area of the
conduit inlet end portion 35, as previously disclosed, but also at
the front and rear ends 42 and 44 of the duct 38. Thus, a different
supply of air ambient to the cargo space will be available for
mixing with the chilled cooling medium at conduit inlet end 35, and
consequently, a better circulation of the tempered mixture will be
induced throughout the cargo storage space. The positioning of duct
38 relatively to gap 60 can also provide further means for
regulating the resultant temperature of the tempered mixture being
exhausted from conduit exit end 36 without the need of complex
control equipment. Thus, the disclosed apparatus, which are
relatively simple and inexpensive means for regulating the cooling
of a transportable refrigeration cargo chamber to preserve
perishables, will help to reduce the ultimate cost to the user.
Other modifications will occur to those skilled in the art.
* * * * *