U.S. patent number 3,791,764 [Application Number 05/230,904] was granted by the patent office on 1974-02-12 for variable area ratio jet pump.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Garrett Corporation. Invention is credited to James R. Summer.
United States Patent |
3,791,764 |
Summer |
February 12, 1974 |
VARIABLE AREA RATIO JET PUMP
Abstract
A jet pump having a large ratio of the area of the mixing
tubular member to the primary nozzle or nozzles area, is arranged
for constriction of the mixing tube upon the application of fluid
pressure on the exterior surface, resulting in a gradually
decreasing mixing tube throat with a resulting considerable
decrease in the area ratio.
Inventors: |
Summer; James R. (Brielle,
NJ) |
Assignee: |
The Garrett Corporation (Los
Angeles, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22867024 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/230,904 |
Filed: |
March 1, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
417/185; 138/45;
417/193; 417/179 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F04F
5/50 (20130101); F04F 5/18 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F04F
5/00 (20060101); F04F 5/18 (20060101); F04F
5/50 (20060101); F04f 005/48 () |
Field of
Search: |
;417/185,193,179 ;138/45
;239/410,411 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Croyle; Carlton R.
Assistant Examiner: Gluck; Richard E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Seidner; Orville R. Miller; Albert
J.
Claims
I claim:
1. Apparatus for controlling a flow of fluid from a source into a
fluid distensible chamber, comprising:
a. a substantially cylindrical conduit adapted for coupling between
the source and the chamber,
a portion of the wall of said conduit being deflectable thereinto
to vary the fluid flow therethrough, said deflectable conduit
portion defined by relatively narrow and elongate alternating slot
voids and slot strip material extending substantially parallel to
the axis of said cylindrical conduit between the end portions
thereof; and
b. means for applying a deflection force on said wall portion
comprising a sleeve of impervious fluid distensible material
overlying said deflectable conduit portion,
said means being adapted to being subjected to the fluid pressure
in the chamber.
2. In combination:
a source of pressurized elastic fluid;
a fluid distensible chamber to be inflated with pressurized elastic
fluid from said source; and
jet pump means operably disposed between said source and said
chamber, said jet pump means including a substantially cylindrical
rigid conduit extending into said chamber and a radially inwardly
deflectable sleeve disposed in a portion of said conduit, said
rigid conduit having openings therein in the portion of the conduit
in which said deflectable sleeve is disposed to enable the fluid
pressure in said chamber to be communicated to the exterior of said
sleeve to radially inwardly deflect said sleeve, in response to
chamber fluid pressure, into a variable area nozzle for the flow of
pressurized fluid therethrough.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Jet pumps, as now used to fill and pressurize inflatable equipment,
are essentially rigid pieces of hardware. Being essentially rigid,
the area ratio is fixed by the mixing tube dimensions and the
primary nozzle or nozzles area. Depending on the physical
dimensions incorporated into any one jet pump a fixed area ratio is
obtained and consequently the performance of the unit is
established.
During inflation and subsequent pressurization of inflatable
equipment a large weight and volume of gas is required to unfold
the unit and to distend it to its design shape. A smaller weight
and volume of gas is then required to pressurize the inflatable to
its operating pressure. While the unit is being unfolded and or
distended, work is being performed by the gas discharged by the jet
pump. This work is performed by pressurizing the inflatable to a
value slightly higher than ambient pressure conditions with the
actual pressurization requirements varying with temperatures. At
the lower end of the inflatables operating temperature range the
materials of construction frequently stiffen and require a much
greater pressure to unfold and distend the unit.
A jet pump, as described above, must therefore be a compromise
design to unfold and distend an inflatable under varying
temperature conditions as well as to pressurize the inflatable to
its operating condition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains to a variable area ratio jet pump
arranged to have an infinite number of possible area ratios between
maximum and minimum, and which will adjust itself to the maximum
pumping rate for the particular set of operating conditions it is
pumping to at that particular instant. The structure conceived for
the novel pump to be described provides a gain in pumping over
compound or multiple stage pumps as well as a gain over the
simplest single stage jet pump.
The variable area ratio pump of the present invention is designed
for the maximum area ratio desired and consequently the maximum
pumping rate required to fill the inflatable during its distention
to design configuration. Mathematically determined slots are formed
by the removal of material around the longitudinal circumference of
the mixing tube. The remaining material around the circumference of
the mixing tube then has the proper spring rate to deflect inwardly
as a load is applied to the outside surfaces. As the walls deflect
inwardly the cross-sectional area of the mixing tube decreases and
consequently the area ratio decreases and the pressure to which the
pump can pressurize the inflatable increases.
Any of the known methods of applying a load to the outside
circumference of the mixing tube may be used as an illustration.
One method is to incase it with a piece of coated fabric or similar
non-permeable flexible material. In operation, slight
pressurization of the inflatable would cause this fabric to press
against the outside circumference of the mixing tube thereby
exerting a force inwardly on the mixing tube. The material
remaining (after the slots were cut) would then deflect inwardly
reducing the cross-sectional flow area of the pump. This process
would continue as pressure increased until the minimum
predetermined cross-sectional area of the pump had been reached at
the end of the inflation cycle.
The variable orifice pump will provide a weight savings as an end
result of each installation by reducing the weight of primary gas
required with its associated tankage weight. In addition, a
reduction in inflation time will be obtained over a similar
dimensioned single or compound jet pump.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the invention in use;
FIG. 2 is a curve plot of jet pump action, plotting ratio of mass
flows against static pressure on the exterior of the mixing tube of
the pump;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged elevation cross-section view taken on the
line 3--3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal view partly in cross-section and partly in
elevation with portions broken away, taken generally on the line
4--4 of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is a view in cross-section, similar to FIG. 4 but showing
the pump configuration obtained near the end of a fluid pumping
operation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIG. 1 there is shown a jet pump 10 disposed in an
inflatable device 12, which may be an elastic fluid distensible
raft or an inflatable slide for emergency evacuation of people from
an aircraft, for example. The normal situation of the inflatable
device 12 is that in which it is folded, packed and stowed aboard
an aircraft, for example; but ready for rapid deployment and
inflation upon the occurrence of an emergency situation requiring
immediate use of the fully inflated and pressurized apparatus 12.
Inflation of such devices for aircraft is usually required to be
substantially completed within 5 to 10 seconds.
The pump 10 is comprised of a nozzle member 14, as best seen in
FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, coupled to a source 16 of pressurized primary
inflation elastic fluid, through a conduit 18 having a valve 20
therein. The source 16 may be a bottle containing air or other
compressible fluid under a pressure of 3,000 psi, for example, and
may be provided with a pressure regulator (not shown) to drop the
pressure in the conduit 18 down to a working pressure of about 150
psi. It is obvious, of course, that the invention is not limited to
a bottle source of fluid but may be employed with inert gas
generators or any other preferred source adapted to provide
pressurized gaseous primary fluid to the nozzle 14 of the pump
10.
Referring to FIG. 4 the pump 10 is illustrated as provided with an
inlet section 22, shown in cross-section, and a mixing section 24
shown partially in cross-section and partially in elevation with
parts cut away. The inlet 22 comprises a tubular member 26,
preferably formed as a frustum provided with a screen 28 disposed
at the extreme upstream larger end of member 26. Adjacent the
screen 28 and on the interior of the large end of the member 26 is
secured a ring 30 defining a flat face seat surface 32 facing
downstream into the member 26. The ring 30 comprises a pair of
flapper valve elements 34 which normally seat against the seat
surface 32 to prevent reverse flow of fluid from downstream back
through the screen 28. As shown in FIG. 4 the elements 34 are
illustrated as fully open as would be the case when ambient
secondary air is drawn through the screen 28 into the tubular
member 26 as induced by pressurized primary air admitted to the
nozzle member 14 which is disposed at the downstream smaller end of
the member 26.
As seen in FIG. 3, the nozzle 14 is provided with a fitting 36
adapted to connection with the primary fluid source 16 for the
supply of pressurized fluid to the nozzle jets 38 in the nozzle 14.
As shown, the nozzle jet arrangement comprises twenty-nine jet
directed passageways disposed at spaced intervals along the
downstream face of the nozzle 14. It will be understood that any
desired pump jet arrangement may be employed to provide primary
pressurized fluid to induce the secondary fluid flow through the
tubular member 26 from the ambient atmosphere. The arrangement
shown is merely preferred for the intended application. In the
preferred embodiment shown the ratio of the area of the main flow
passageway of the pump 10 to the total areas of the jets 38 is
preferably about 800:1.
The mixing section 24 downstream of the inlet section 22 comprises
an outer tubular supporting member 40 having an inner tubular
mixing member 42 disposed therewithin. Disposed between the members
40 and 42 for a portion of this length is a sleeve 44 comprised
preferably of a flaccid impermeable material adapted to yield
readily without resistance to fluid pressure on the outer surface
thereof. The upstream and downstream ends 45 and 46 of the sleeve
44 may be bonded to the member 42 by cementing to form a seal
against fluid leakage from the exterior to interior of the member
42 through apertures described below.
The inner member 42 is provided with a plurality of narrow,
elongate, longitudinally extending, circumferentially spaced
slot-shaped apertures 48 which are preferably shaped substantially
as shown for a purpose described hereinbelow. The outer member 40
is provided with a plurality of apertures 50 which provide
communication from the exterior of the member 40 to the outer
surface of the sleeve 44.
In the fabrication of the tubular members 40 and 42 it is preferred
to form them initially as flat metal sheets readily adapted to a
stamping operation which stamps or punches out the metal portions
in forming the respective apertures 50 and 48. After the stamping
operation the flat sheets may be rolled in known fashion with
abutting or slightly overlapping edges to form the tubular members,
whereafter the faying edges may be secured as by seam or spot
welding at spaced intervals.
It will be observed that the stamping of member 42 results in
narrow elongate strips 49 remaining intermediate the long slotted
apertures 48. In the preferred embodiment the member 42 is formed
of a thin-section resilient metal whereby the strips 49 have a
springy quality which tends to retain the generally cylindrical
form of the member 42 in its normal static condition as shown in
FIG. 4. In the active condition of the pump 10 the strips are
adapted to yield resiliently under the urging of the sleeve 44 when
a pressure differential appears thereacross, resulting in
constriction of the fluid flow passageway forming the throat of the
pump, as described below.
The downstream end of the inlet tubular member 26 is provided with
an outstanding flange 52 by means of which the upstream end of the
mixing section 24 may be secured to the inlet section 22 with a
plurality of bolts 54 spaced around the flange 52 and threadably
received in a ring 56 which bears against an outstanding flange 57
on the outer tubular member 40. Inner tubular member 42 has a
flange 58 which is secured with a gasket 59 between the flanges 52
and 57, and the ring 56.
As noted above, the pump 10 extends into the inflatable 12. This is
accomplished by providing the inflatable with an opening, the edge
of the inflatable fabric adjacent the opening being secured between
the ring 56 and an adjacent ring 60 by a plurality of bolts 62
disposed around the rings 56 and 60 intermediate the bolts 54. Thus
in assembling the pump in the inflatable the rings 56 and 60 are
assembled with the edge of the opening of the fabric of the
inflatable therebetween and the bolts 62 are then secured.
Thereafter the inlet and mixing sections 22 and 24 of the pump 10
are secured by the bolts 54.
In the storage condition the inflatable device 12 would normally be
stowed with the pump 10 as mentioned above in a compact folded
package constrained adjacent an aircraft exit door, for example.
Upon the occurrence of a situation requiring inflation of the
device 12, the constraint would be removed to deploy the device 12
outwardly from the door and simultaneously pressurizing primary
fluid would be admitted through the nozzle jets into the
cylindrical mixing tube 42 to pump secondary air into the
inflatable. As the inflatable approaches full distention and
pressure begins to build up in it, a pressure differential begins
to be manifest across the tube 42 and sleeve 44. This pressure
differential is resisted by the spring rate of the metal strips 49
of the tube 42. As the pressure differential increases the strips
49 gradually converge or retract inwardly toward the axis of the
tube 42 under the pressure on the sleeve 44 until the tube assumes
the configuration of the restricted throat substantially as shown
in FIG. 5.
Thus the area ratio of the pump 10 gradually decreased from the
maximum of 800:1, for example, down to a calculated minimum of
200:1, for example.
Jet pump action as aforesaid is illustrated in FIG. 2 where the
curves 64 and 66 show the respective mass flow pumping action of a
typical single stage jet pump with respective area ratios of 800:1
and 200:1. Thus in the case of curve 64 the mass flow ratio at the
start of pumping is about nine and decreases to zero as the back
pressure rises to about 0.8 psi, whereas in the case of curve 66
the initial mass flow ratio is only about 3.5 and drops off
gradually to about 2.0 as the back pressure rises to about 2.0 psi.
Intermediate curves between the curves 64 and 66 show that area
ratios between 800:1 and 200:1 provide no solution to the stated
problem.
In the case of a two stage pump the pumping action would follow the
dashed discontinuous curve 68, but in the case of a pump according
to the invention the pumping action would follow the dotted curve
70. It is readily seen that the relatively simple pump 10 according
to the invention provides a decided gain over the action of even a
complicated multiple stage jet pump.
* * * * *