U.S. patent number 3,791,685 [Application Number 05/283,560] was granted by the patent office on 1974-02-12 for starter pinion with molded base and drive.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Eaton Stamping Company. Invention is credited to Lyle J. Hamman.
United States Patent |
3,791,685 |
Hamman |
February 12, 1974 |
STARTER PINION WITH MOLDED BASE AND DRIVE
Abstract
A starter pinion assembly for use with electric starters for
internal combustion engines wherein a starter pinion gear is
axially displaced upon a drive shaft during initial rotation of the
shaft to engage the pinion gear with an engine flywheel in order to
crank the flywheel. The starter pinion includes a hub portion upon
which the pinion gear teeth are mounted, the pinion gear teeth
being capable of rotation relative to the hub portion, and
resilient frictional drive means are interposed between the hub and
toothed gear portion through which torsional forces are
transmitted. Axial forces imposed upon the hub maintain an
effective frictional drive connection with the toothed gear
portion, and impact and shock forces are absorbed. A stop mounted
upon the drive shaft limits axial movement of the starter pinion
assembly, and a compression spring maintains the starter assembly
in the "retracted" position when the drive shaft is not being
rotated. The resilient drive means prevents binding of the pinion
assembly with the stop. A resilient bumper mounted upon the starter
assembly, formed of the friction material, absorbs axial movement
of the starter assembly toward the noncranking position, brakes the
pinion assembly against rotation and also functions as a dust
seal.
Inventors: |
Hamman; Lyle J. (Eaton Rapids,
MI) |
Assignee: |
Eaton Stamping Company (Eaton
Rapids, MI)
|
Family
ID: |
23086616 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/283,560 |
Filed: |
August 24, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
290/38R; 290/48;
290/37R |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02N
11/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F02N
11/00 (20060101); F02n 011/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;310/254,258,259,179,180
;290/37,38,48 ;123/179 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Simmons; G. R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Beaman & Beaman
Claims
I claim:
1. An electric starter for starting an internal combustion engine
comprising, in combination, an electric motor having a housing and
a rotatable output shaft extending from said housing having an
axis, said shaft having an outer end and an inner portion disposed
adjacent said housing, a hub rotatably mounted on said shaft,
intermeshing cam means formed on said shaft and said hub rotating
said hub and producing axial movement of said hub upon said shaft
during relative rotation between said hub and said shaft, a pinion
gear concentrically mounted on said shaft for rotational and axial
movement thereon, stop means mounted on said shaft limiting axial
movement of said gear toward said outer end, radially extending
axially spaced opposed surfaces defined on said hub and said gear,
and resilient friction means interposed between said hub and gear
surfaces transmitting torque from said hub to said gear to rotate
said gear, said hub surface facing in the direction of axial
movement of said gear to engage said gear with engine starter
structure whereby said resilient means is compressed between said
surfaces during engine cranking.
2. In an electric starter as in claim 1 wherein said stop means is
mounted on said shaft adjacent said outer end, and a compression
spring interposed between said stop means and said gear biasing
said gear toward said motor housing.
3. In an electric starter as in claim 1, a resilient shock absorber
mounted on said gear engagable with said motor housing limiting
axial movement of said gear on said shaft toward said housing and
braking rotation of said gear with respect to said housing.
4. In an electric starter as in claim 1 whererin said resilient
means is molded upon said gear.
5. In an electric starter as in claim 4 wherein said resilient
means and said shock absorber are defined by a homogeneous
resilient element mounted upon said gear.
6. In an electric starter as in claim 1 wherein said hub includes a
radially extending flange and an axially extending cylindrical
portion, said gear having a cylindrical bore engaging said axially
extending portion wherein said hub concentrically supports said
gear on said shaft.
7. In an electric starter as in claim 6 wherein said radially
extending hub surface is defined on said flange.
8. In an electric starter as in claim 1 wherein said cam means
comprises a screw thread defined on said shaft inner portion and a
mating screw thread defined on said hub.
9. A pinion gear assembly for an electric starter for internal
combustion engines comprising, in combination, an annular hub
having an axis, a bore and a first radially extending surface, a
gear mounted upon said hub for relative rotational and axial
movement thereon, a second radially extending surface defined upon
said gear in opposed relation to said first surface, and resilient
material interposed between said surfaces for transmitting torque
forces between said hub and said gear.
10. In a pinion gear assembly as in claim 9 wherein said resilient
material is bonded to said gear.
11. In a pinion gear assembly as in claim 9, a screw thread defined
in said hub bore.
12. In an electric starter assembly, in combination, a rotatable
drive shaft having an axis and first and second axially spaced
portions, a hub rotatably mounted on said shaft first portion,
engaging threads formed on said shaft first portion and said hub
for rotating said hub and producing axial movement of said hub upon
said shaft during relative rotation between said hub and said
shaft, a pinion gear rotatably mounted upon said hub and axially
movable thereon, stop means mounted on said shaft second portion
limiting axial movement of said hub and gear on said shaft,
radially extending, axially spaced opposed surfaces defined on said
hub and said gear, and resilient friction material interposed
between said hub and gear surfaces for transmitting torque from
said hub to said gear, said hub surface facing in the axial
direction of movement of said hub and gear to operatively engage
said gear with engine starter structure.
13. In an electric starter assembly as in claim 12 wherein said
resilient material is bonded to said gear.
14. In an electric starter assembly as in claim 12, a compression
spring mounted on said shaft interposed between said stops means
and said gear biasing said gear toward said hub surface and said
first shaft portion.
15. In an electric starter assembly as in claim 14, an annular
cover mounted on said gear encompassing said stop means and said
spring.
Description
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is directed to electric starter apparatus also
disclosed in my copending U.S. application Ser. No. 283,559 filed
Aug. 24, 1972.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention pertains to electric starter apparatus for internal
combustion engines utilizing pinion gears axially displaceable upon
a drive shaft.
Many electric starters for internal combustion engines use Bendix
type apparatus wherein a pinion gear is axially displaceable upon a
drive shaft rotated by an electric motor. Initial rotation of the
drive shaft axially moves the pinion gear upon the shaft for
engagement with gear teeth formed on the engine flywheel, wherein
the flywheel is rotated and the engine cranked for starting
purposes. Such Bendix type starters have been constructed in a wide
variety of mechanical variations, and the basic principles have
proven acceptable for the function designed.
While Bendix type starters have been constructed utilizing shock
absorbing features, those arrangements presently available are
relatively expensive, and are not readily incorporable into concise
apparatus which is adapatable for use with small electric starters
and small internal combustion engines, such as used on lawn mowers
and the like. Prior art electric starters using cushioning devices
are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,876,642; 1,955,110; 2,271,216 and
2,876,644, and starters such as those shown in these patents do not
meet the aforementioned prerequisites for electric starters for use
with small engines.
In an economical electric starter construction the number of
components must be minimized, and the interrelationship between
operating components must be as simple and dependable as possible.
Electric starters mounted upon small internal combustion engines
are subjected to extensive vibration forces, and considerable wear
will occur between the starter components due to such vibration,
even when the starter itself is not energized. The relationship of
components, and the multiplicity of components of electric starters
of the prior art seriously affect the economics of manufacturing
and dependability of operation of prior constructions.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to provide a starter pinion
assembly for electric starters, particularly electric starters used
with small internal combustion engines such as used on lawn mowers,
garden tractors, and the like. The starter assembly of the
invention utilizes a minimum of components, components which are
economically manufactured, dependable in operation, and the entire
assembly is of a concise configuration occupying a minimum of
space, and requires a minimum of clearance for association with
engine components.
The starter assembly includes a hub member and a toothed pinion
gear member mounted upon a thread formed on a drive shaft. The
pinion member is rotatably mounted upon the hub member, and both
members include radially extending opposed surfaces between which a
friction, torque transmitting, resilient material is
interposed.
The relationship of the radial flange defined upon the hub which is
in opposed relation to a radially opposed surface on the pinion
gear between which the friction and shock absorbing material is
related is such that as the pinion gear is axially moved into
alignment with the engine flywheel for engine cranking purposes,
the resistance of rotation of the pinion gear during cranking and
engagement of the gear with a stop causes a compression of the
friction material. Thus, the higher the torque requirements during
engine cranking, the greater the frictional engagement between the
hub and pinion gear components insuring that the necessary torque
be transmitted to the pinion gear. The resilient material produces
a reverse torque which prevents binding of the gear and its stop
and its ability to compress aids in aligning the pinion gear teeth
with the flywheel teeth of the engine to be started.
The drive shaft upon which the starter pinion is mounted is of a
cantilever form and includes a stop member located near the shaft
end. A compression spring is interposed between the stop member and
the pinion gear which biases the pinion gear assembly towards its
normal or noncranking position. A stop sleeve is defined upon the
pinion gear to enclose the spring, yet not interfere therewith, and
a cover member encloses the spring, stop sleeve and stop member to
protect these components.
In accord with the concept of the invention the friction and shock
absorbing material is bonded to the pinion gear, and is of a
resilient material, such as rubber, or the like, and includes an
axially extending portion which serves as a bumper and a brake for
engaging the motor housing when the starter pinion assembly is
moved to its extreme position toward the motor housing. Thus, upon
the engine starting, and rotating the pinion gear in a direction
which disengages the pinion gear from the flywheel gear teeth, this
rapid axial movement of the pinion gear assembly toward the engine
housing is absorbed by the flexible material "bumper" and the
pinion gear rotation is frictionally braked.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The aforementioned objects and advantages of the invention will be
appreciated from the following description and accompanying
drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a pinion gear starter assembly,
and electric starter motor, as related to an engine flywheel, the
cranking position of the pinion gear assembly being shown in dotted
lines,
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of FIG. 1 as taken along Section II--II
thereof,
FIG. 3 is an exploded, perspective, detail view of starter
assembly, and
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2 illustrating the starter
components in cranking relationship.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The starter pinion assembly structure of the invention is used with
an electric starter motor, such as of the 12 volt DC or 110 volt AC
type. While the illustrated starter structure was specifically
designed for using with starting systems used with lawn mower size
engines, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that
the concepts may be employed with starters for all sizes of
internal combustion engines. However, the concepts of the invention
are particularly used to advantage with starter systems for small
engines.
In the drawings the electric motor is indicated at 10, and the
motor includes a housing 12 which may be mounted to the engine by
mounting bracket 14 affixed to the housing. The housing 12 includes
end caps 16 and 18 having bearing structure for rotatably
supporting the armature, generally indicated at 20.
The armature 20 includes a drive shaft extension 22, FIG. 2, which
is of a cantilever type, having a cylindrical portion received
within end cap bearing 24, and the end of the shaft extension is
indicated at 26.
The drive shaft 22 is provided with a threaded portion 28 wherein
the threads are of a heavy duty multiple pitch type, and the shaft
is of a reduced diameter cylindrical configuration at 30, between
the thread 28 and the outer end 26.
A hub member 32 includes a threaded bore 34 which mates with the
threads 28, and the hub includes a radial flange 36, and an axially
extending cylindrical portion 38. The flange 36 is of a circular
configuration, and includes a radial surface or face 40 facing the
shaft end 26 and holes 41 extend through the flange in an axial
direction.
The pinion gear 42 is rotatably mounted upon the hub portion 38, as
the cylindrical bore 44 of the pinion is slightly larger than the
hub portion 38. As will be noted in FIGS. 2 and 4, the diameter of
the pinion bore is reduced at 46 whereby a close, but rotatable fit
exists between the right end of the pinion, FIG. 2, and the shaft
portion 30. The pinion gear 42 is provided with gear teeth 48, and
is formed with an annular recessed groove 50 to aid in the
attachment of the flexible material thereto, as will be later
described. The inner end of the pinion gear includes a radially
extending face or surface 52 in opposed relation to the flange
surface 40. The right end of the pinion 42 is provided with an
annular abutment sleeve 54 having a lip 56 whereby the protective
cover 58, later described, may be attached to the pinion gear.
A frictional shock absorbing member 60 of rubber, or similar
synthetic resilient material, is molded upon the pinion 42, and is
received within the groove 50, whereby the resilient material is
firmly bonded to the pinion. The member 60 includes a recess 61
defining an annular inner extending lip 62 received between the
surfaces 40 and 52 and this lip is subjected to compressive forces
during cranking of the engine, as will be described. The hub flange
36 snaps into recess 61 to maintain the assembly of the hub and
pinion gear. The member 60 is of an enlarged thickness at its
peripheral region, and is of such axial length extending to the
left, FIG. 2, that the leftmost edge 64 of the member is left of
the flange 36 whereby the edge 64 engages the housing end cap 18,
FIG. 2, when the starter pinion assembly is at the noncranking or
normal position illustrated in FIG. 2 for braking and dust seal
purposes.
The end of the shaft 22 is provided with a snap ring receiving
groove 66, and an annular stop member 68 is mounted upon the shaft
end, and is retained in this position by the snap ring 70
cooperating with the groove 66, and the bore of the stop
member.
A compression spring 72 is interposed between the stop member 68,
and the right end of the pinion 42, FIGS. 2 and 4. The compression
spring 72 imposes a biasing force on the pinion toward the left,
and the spring normally maintains the edge 64 of member 60 in
engagement with the housing end cap 18. The radial dimension of the
stop member 68 is substantially equal to the radial dimension of
the stop sleeve lip 56, as will be appreciated from the
drawing.
An annular cover 58, of synthetic material, is attached to the
pinion 42 by snapping the cover over the stop sleeve lip 56, and
the cover 58 encloses the shaft portion 30, the stop member 68, the
stop sleeve and the spring 72.
In operation, the components will initially be related as shown in
solid lines in FIGS. 1 and 2. The pinion gear assembly will be at
its innermost, at rest position due to the biasing force exerted by
the spring 72, and in this position the pinion gear is out of
alignment with the engine flywheel 74 to be cranked, and the edge
64 is engaging end cap 18 keeping foreign matter out of the hub and
shaft 22.
Upon energizing the motor 10 the rapid acceleration of the drive
shaft 22 will produce a relative rotation between the thread 28 and
the hub 32 causing axial movement of the hub, pinion gear 42 and
member 60 to the right to produce a meshing of the pinion gear
teeth 48 with the flywheel teeth 76, as represented by dotted lines
in FIG. 1, and as shown in full lines in FIG. 4. This movement of
the pinion gear assembly to the right causes the right edge of the
stop sleeve 54 to rapidly engage the stop member 68 as shown in
FIG. 4, and in this position the pinion gear teeth are in full mesh
with the flywheel teeth.
As the motor armature rotates, the hub 32 will be rotated in a
direction tending to move the pinion gear 42 to the right. Of
course, the engagement of the stop sleeve, with the stop 68, and
the torque imposed upon the pinion gear causes the flange 36 to be
forced against the friction member lip 62 compressing this material
and establishing an effective frictional driving relationship
between the flange and the pinion gear. This driving connection is
enhanced by the holes 41, into which the lip material tends to
extrude. Thus, the pinion gear 42 is rotatably driven through the
lip 62, and the lip is highly compressed between the surfaces 40
and 52.
Upon the engine starting, the pinion 42 will be rotated faster by
the flywheel 74, than the rate of rotation of the shaft 22 under
the influence of the electric motor, and such condition rotates the
pinion gear, and hub 32 in the direction on the thread 28 moving
the pinion gear assembly to the left toward the housing end cap 18.
This axial movement of the hub member and pinion gear continues
until the edge 64 engages the end cap 18 as shown in FIG. 2. At
this time the pinion gear 42 will be out of engagement with the
flywheel teeth 76, and the starter motor 10 is deenergized. The
spring 72 will insure that the pinion gear does not engage the
flywheel until the starter motor is again energized.
The resilient and flexible nature of the material of member 60
serves several functions. First, the torque imposed on the lip 62
by the flange 36 produces a torsional spring effect that prevents
the pinion gear 42 from "locking" or binding due to its engagement
with stop member 68. The resilience of the material of lip 62
produces a reverse torsion on the gear 42 after the gear engages
the stop member which "backs off" the hub 32 on the thread 28
slightly to prevent the gear from locking to the stop. Secondly,
the material of lip 62 functions as a shock absorber and is able to
slightly compress if the leading edge of gear teeth 48 engage the
edge of flywheel teeth 76 as the teeth seek alignment. This ability
of the lip to compress permits the gear teeth to align and mesh and
the lip absorbs the shock of engagement of the misaligned teeth. Of
course, the leading edge of teeth 48 are rounded and beveled to aid
meshing. The fact that the lip and flange may be dimensioned so as
to radially lie within the desired diametrical dimension of the
pinion gear teeth 48, lends to the concise configuration of the
starter pinion assembly, and the construction minimizes the
likelihood of foreign matter affecting the frictional relationship
between the starter components.
It is appreciated that various modifications to the inventive
concept may be apparent to those skilled in the art without
departing from the scope of the invention.
* * * * *