U.S. patent number 3,790,197 [Application Number 05/265,294] was granted by the patent office on 1974-02-05 for magnetic latch.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Electric Company. Invention is credited to Rollin James Parker.
United States Patent |
3,790,197 |
Parker |
February 5, 1974 |
MAGNETIC LATCH
Abstract
A magnetic latch has a pair of substantially coextensive
permanent bar magnets which can be arranged for mutual attraction
positioning to maintain a hinged member in a closed position. One
of the magnets is made axially movable with respect to the other so
as to assume a mutual repulsion position with the other which will
enable the magnets to assist in opening the hinged member. The
movable magnet is actuated by a manually operable member such as a
lever bar mounted on a pivot on which manually actuated bars are
also mounted to enable the movable magnet to be positioned by
manual operation of the actuating bars. A biasing spring to reduce
the force necessary to be applied to move the magnet is also
provided.
Inventors: |
Parker; Rollin James
(Greenville, MI) |
Assignee: |
General Electric Company
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
23009866 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/265,294 |
Filed: |
June 22, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
292/251.5;
292/DIG.49; 292/336.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E05C
19/16 (20130101); Y10T 292/57 (20150401); Y10T
292/11 (20150401); Y10S 292/49 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E05C
19/16 (20060101); E05C 19/00 (20060101); E05c
019/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;292/143,161,173,188,251.5,336.3,DIG.49 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Moore; Richard E.
Claims
What I claim as new and desire to secure by letters patent of the
United
1. A magnetic latch comprising: a first and second magnetic
assembly, each of said magnetic assemblies comprising a permanent
magnet having an inner and an outer surface along its axis; a
return path element contacting each of said magnets along its outer
surface, the two magnetic assemblies being positioned so that the
inner surfaces of the magnets face each other, one of said magnetic
assemblies being axially movable and said permanent magnets being
magnetized in a transverse direction with respect to their axes
with the polarity of the magnets alternating along their axes so as
to produce a transverse magnetic circuit path across said first and
second assemblies when they are positioned in magnetic interaction
relationship therebetween; and means for axially moving said
movable magnetic assembly
2. The magnetic latch assembly of claim 1 in which the moving means
is a
3. The magnetic latch of claim 2 in which the lever mechanism
includes a lever bar mounted on a pivot, said axially movable
assembly being movable by said lever bar, and a pair of manually
actuated bars, also mounted on
4. The magnetic latch assembly of claim 2 in which there is a
spring mechanism to bias the axially movable assembly so that like
poles on the
5. The magnetic latch of claim 4 in which the first magnetic
assembly is attached in fixed position to a closure member and the
second magnetic assembly is attached in axially movable position to
a door member.
Description
Magnetic latches have been used on hinged members such as kitchen
cabinets and refrigerators for many years. In a typical structure a
permanent magnet is positioned on the door and a plate is
positioned on the body of the refrigerator or cabinet where it will
make contact with the magnet when the door is closed. The magnetic
attraction of the magnet for the plate then maintains the door in
closed position. In the alternative, the magnet may be positioned
on the body of the hinged member and the plate on the movable
portion or door.
While magnets to maintain doors in closed position have proved to
be very satisfactory they have one disadvantage. The magnet holds
the plate very strongly when the door is in the closed position but
as contact is broken and the door opened the magnetic attraction of
the magnet for the plate diminishes very rapidly. Thus,
considerable initial force must be exerted to break the grip
between the magnet and plate. In some cases the use of both hands
is necessary and breaking contact between the magnet and plate can
impart quite a jar to the contents of the box.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is directed to a magnetic latch which uses magnetic
attraction to maintain a door member in closed position and in
addition uses magnetic repulsion to aid in opening a door member.
The latch has a pair of substantially coextensive permanent bar
magnets which can be arranged in a mutual-attraction position to
maintain a door in closed position. One of the magnets is axially
movable with respect to the other so as to place the magnets in a
mutual-repulsion position and the resulting magnetic force will
then assist in opening the door. The magnets may be selectively
positioned to attraction or repulsion position by a manually
operable member such as a lever bar mounted on a pivot on which
manually actuated bars are also mounted. A biasing spring to reduce
the force needed to position the magnets for mutual repulsion is a
desirable feature of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 of the drawing is a schematic diagram illustrating a
refrigerator door equipped with the magnetic latch of this
invention. In FIG. 1 the magnets are arranged so as to hold the
door in closed position.
FIG. 2 is similar to FIG. 1 except that the magnets are positioned
to produce a repulsion effect and help to open the door.
FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative arrangement for manually moving
one of the magnets.
FIG. 4 illustrates the same pivot-lever arrangement for moving one
of the magnets as FIGS. 1 and 2 but includes a hand hold for
convenience in opening the door.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing illustrate the application of the
present invention to a refrigerator. The refrigerator consists of a
stationary body portion 10 shown in fragmentary form which has a
hinged door 11. Between the body 10 and door 11 is a gasket 12
which serves to seal the contents of the refrigerator when the door
11 is closed. Fixedly positioned with respect to the body 10 is a
ferrite multiple strip magnet 13 mounted upon a soft steel return
path element 14 which is in turn mounted upon the refrigerator body
10. A ferrite multiple strip magnet 15 coextensive with the magnet
13 but with converse polarity is mounted upon a soft steel return
path element 16 which is slidably mounted on the door 11 for
reciprical vertical movement in the view shown. The magnets 13 and
15 and their respective return elements 14 and 16 form magnetic
assemblies in parallel axial alignment. The polarity of the magnets
13 and 15 is indicated by the letters "N" and "S". It is to be
understood that a reversal of the polarity indicated in FIGS. 1 and
2 will not change the operation of the device.
The return path element 16 has an extended portion 16A which
includes an aperture 16B. The portion 16A serves to anchor a
biasing tension spring 17. The aperture 16B accommodates a lever
bar 18 which is fastened to a pivot 19 rotatably mounted on the
front of the door 11. A pair of manually operable rotating bars 21
and 22 are also mounted on the pivot 19 spaced about 120.degree.
from lever bar 18 and about 120.degree. from each other.
FIG. 1 shows the latch in its closed position. In this position the
poles of the magnets 13 and 15 are aligned in a mutual-attraction
relationship, thereby creating a force to hold the door in closed
position. FIG. 2 illustrates the position of the magnetic
assemblies at the start of the opening cycle. The magnet 15 and its
return path element 16 have been moved vertically downward by
downard movement of the lever bar 18 which was, in turn, actuated
either by pushing the actuating bar 21 or pulling the actuating bar
22. Some of the poles of the magnet 13 are now adjacent similar
poles on the magnet 15. The repulsion force between the magnets 13
and 15 will now exert an opening force on the door 11. This force
is quickly reduced as the gap between the magnets 13 and 15 widens
but it has served the purpose of breaking the tenacious grip of the
magnets illustrated in FIG. 1 without a jolt or a jar.
The lever bar construction shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 provides
satisfactory operation to the latch but the actuating bars 21 and
22 can catch on the clothing of people who pass too close to the
refrigerator. Since the magnets are positioned near the edge of the
door the actuating means can be mounted outside the seal and go
around the door edge as illustrated in FIG. 3. In this embodiment a
manually operable member 24 is fixedly attached to a rigid bar 25
which is, in turn, fixedly attached to the return element 16. The
door is opened by manually pushing the element 24 downward and then
pulling it after the door has opened slightly. The element 24 is
not so likely to catch the clothing of persons passing near the
refrigerator as are the actuating bars 21 and 22.
In order to reduce the likelihood that the actuating bars 21 and 22
will snag clothing and further to strengthen these elements, a hand
hold 26 may be provided as illustrated in FIG. 4. With this
structure the hand hold 26 may be grasped and pushed upwards
slightly in order to disengage the door and thereafter the hand
hold may be used to pull the door 11 the rest of the way open. This
structure has the advantage that an opening force exerted directly
outward on the hand hold 26 will tend to restore the magnet 15 and
return element 16 for use in closed position where the biasing
spring 17 is omitted.
In order to provide easy operation it is important that the magnet
15 be freely movable with respect to the magnet 13. Ideally, the
magnets 13 and 15 should be slightly out of engagement in order to
reduce friction to a minimum. The gap between the two magnets,
however, must be kept very small as both the attraction and
repulsion forces are reduced very rapidly with an increase in the
gap. The biasing spring 17 must have sufficient tension to enable
the magnets 13 and 15 to be positioned as illustrated in FIG. 2.
Yet the spring 17 must allow the magnets to return to their FIG. 1
position as soon as the door is closed.
While the magnets 13 and 15 have been described as ferrite multiple
strip magnets it is obvious that other magnets would be
satisfactory for use in this invention. For example, alnico magnets
and magnets of a cobalt-rare earth type could be used. While
magnets having a bar or flat configuration are desirable other
configurations that allow one of the magnets to be movable with
respect to the other would be feasible. Similarly, magnets with a
single north and single south pole could be used satisfactorily.
Thus, while the invention has been described with reference to
certain specific embodiments, it is obvious that there may be
variations which fall within the proper scope of the invention.
Accordingly, the invention should be limited in scope only as may
be necessitated by the scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *