U.S. patent number 3,790,085 [Application Number 05/332,353] was granted by the patent office on 1974-02-05 for safety nozzle for air blow-guns.
This patent grant is currently assigned to High Precision Incorporated. Invention is credited to Lloyd M. Ayer.
United States Patent |
3,790,085 |
Ayer |
February 5, 1974 |
SAFETY NOZZLE FOR AIR BLOW-GUNS
Abstract
An improved safety nozzle for air blow-guns which prevents
pressure build-up in the nozzle in case the tip of the nozzle is
obstructed in any manner and which also provides protection against
possible injuries that could be inflicted by the air vented from
the nozzle when such obstruction takes place. The invention is
applicable to those guns which prevent pressure build-up by
recessing the nozzle tip within an extension of the nozzle so that
the tip is inaccessible and by providing radial vent openings in
such extension, through which the air can escape when the outer end
of the extension is blocked. Auxiliary air jets aligned with the
vent openings deflect the air from the vents away from the
operator.
Inventors: |
Ayer; Lloyd M. (Hamden,
CT) |
Assignee: |
High Precision Incorporated
(Hamden, CT)
|
Family
ID: |
23297859 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/332,353 |
Filed: |
February 14, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/291; 239/498;
239/526; 239/DIG.22 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B08B
5/02 (20130101); Y10S 239/22 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B08B
5/02 (20060101); B05b 001/28 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/290,586,291,498,526,295,525,299,518,597 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
885,892 |
|
Nov 1971 |
|
CA |
|
1,408,538 |
|
Jul 1965 |
|
FR |
|
20,384 |
|
Aug 1929 |
|
NL |
|
Primary Examiner: Ward, Jr.; Robert S.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Steward & Steward
Claims
1. In a safety nozzle for air-guns having a bore communicating at
one end with the outlet chamber of the air-gun and having a
discharge opening at its other end, said bore comprising an inner
passage adjacent said outlet chamber and an outer passage extending
co-axially therewith at its discharge end, said passages being
separated by an inner nozzle tip having an orifice for directing a
main stream of air through said outer passage and discharge
opening, said outer passage and discharge opening being larger in
cross section than the orifice in said inner nozzle tip, said
nozzle having a plurality of radially extending vent openings
spaced peripherally of said nozzle and disposed downstream of said
inner nozzle tip for venting air from said outer passage when said
discharge opening is plugged, the improvement comprising:
a plurality of peripherally spaced auxiliary-air passages in said
nozzle, each communicating directly with the outlet chamber of the
air-gun and terminating at its outer end upstream and radially
outward of said vent openings,
each of said auxiliary-air passages being disposed so as to direct
a stream of air directly from the outlet chamber of the air-gun
toward one of said vent openings such that air escaping through
such vent opening is deflected by such auxiliary-air stream in the
direction of flow of said
2. The improvement in a safety nozzle for air-guns as defined in
claim 1, wherein each of said vent openings comprises a transverse
hole disposed adjacent said inner nozzle tip for aspiration of air
therethrough during normal operation of the air-gun when the
discharge end of said nozzle is
3. The improvement in safety nozzles for air-guns as defined in
claim 2, which further includes an outer tip removably mounted at
the discharge end of said outer passage.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to air blow-guns and it relates more
particularly to safety nozzles therefor, which are designed to
reduce the hazards caused by solid materials being blown into the
faces of people in the immediate vicinity, especially the operator
who is using the gun.
One of the principal hazards involved, when an air gun is used to
blow out dirt from blind holes in work pieces and around machines,
is the danger of the dirt being blown back into the face, and more
particularly the eyes, of the operator. The most effective
safe-guard against this happening is to ensure that the air
pressure is low in the outlet chamber of the gun. Another safety
measure is to provide a wall of air around the main-air stream in
order to prevent particles from being blown back toward the
operator. Air guns having such provisions are shown in the patents
of Yates U.S. Pat. No. 2,320,964, Gould U.S. Pat. No. 2,917,244,
Schoberg U.S. Pat. No. 3,117,726 and Kyburg U.S. Pat. No.
3,559,876.
Another extremely dangerous aspect of blow-guns is the build-up of
high pressure in the nozzle of the gun when the end of the nozzle
is plugged, as for example by the operator's hand or by the end of
the nozzle being held against a flat surface. Such unsafe practices
are very well reviewed in the patent to Tillman U.S. Pat. No.
3,219,892, which shows one way of preventing pressure from being
built-up by providing a perforated outer tube around the nozzle tip
so that its orifice can not become plugged.
A law recently passed in the United States known as The
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) has set certain safety
requirements that are intended to reduce the hazard experienced in
the use of air-guns. These regulations also point out that devices
for overcoming existing hazards must not create new ones.
For example, one of the ways that has been proposed for solving the
problem of pressure build-up at the nozzle, caused by blockage of
the opening at the nozzle tip, is to provide an outer nozzle or
tube around the tip which extends forward of the tip so that the
tip is not accessable, making it difficult to plug the orifice in
the tip. Vent holes are provided in the sides of the outer nozzle
in order to let air escape laterally when the end of the outer
nozzle is stopped up. While this solution is an excellent one, the
vent openings themselves may create another hazard due to the fact
that air escaping laterally through the vents can blow particles of
dirt toward the face and eyes of the operator, sometimes with even
greater force than when dirt is blown out of a blind hole by the
main-air stream.
The object of the present invention is to reduce or completely
eliminate the chances of dirt being blown toward the operator, or
others, by air forced out the vent openings in a safety nozzle of
this type when the end of the nozzle is obstructed for any
reason.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention resides in the improvement in safety nozzles of the
type that have a laterally vented extension on its outer end which
prevents access to the inner nozzle, wherein a plurality of
auxiliary air passages are provided directly from the outlet
chamber in the gun toward the discharge end of the nozzle, each
such auxiliary passage being formed so that it directs a stream of
air at one of the vent openings in the outer nozzle, thereby
deflecting air vented through such opening forwardly and away from
the operator.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
One embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying
drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary side elevational view of a blow-gun having
a safety nozzle of the present invention and showing the manner in
which the air vents laterally when the end of the nozzle is
obstructed, as well as how the auxiliary-air jets provided by the
improved nozzle deflect the streams of vented air away from the
operator;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged top plan view of the portion of the blow-gun
shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section thereof taken on the line 3--3 in
FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 is a front end view thereof.
The blow-gun indicated generally at 10 may be any of various more
or less conventional designs, which have a cut-off valve (not
shown) by which the air from a source of supply is turned on and
off. The gun has a housing 12, on which is pivoted an operating
handle or trigger 14 that opens the valve when the trigger is
retracted. In FIG. 1 the outer portion of the stem 16 of the
cut-off valve is shown engaging the rear of trigger 14 for
actuation thereby.
When it is desired to use the gun, trigger 14 is retracted,
admitting air through a passage 18 (FIG. 3) within housing 12 to a
cylindrical outlet chamber 20, from which it passes through a bore
22 in a nozzle 24 designed to direct the air into a main stream at
the desired force consistent with OSHA safety specifications. Bore
22 extends axially from the inner portion 28 of nozzle 24 through
its discharge portion 30. The inner portion 28 is mounted snuggly
within the outlet chamber 20 of gun-housing 12 and is permanently
fixed therein by means of a pin 32, which is forced through
suitable holes in housing 12 into rigid engagement with the
mounting portion 28 of the nozzle, so that the nozzle is not
readily removable. Intermediate the opposite ends of nozzle 24 is
provided a peripheral enlargement 34, forming an annular
positioning shoulder 36 which seats firmly against the annular
outer end of gun-housing 12.
A cup-shaped inner nozzle tip 38 has a central orifice 39 within
the bore 22 of the nozzle and is spaced some distance from the
opening at the outer end of the discharge portion 30, thereby
forming an outer passage 40 at the outer end of bore 22 and making
the inner nozzle substantially inaccessible so that the orifice 39
cannot be blocked. The outer passage 40 is somewhat smaller in
cross section than the inner portion of bore 22, thus forming a
positioning shoulder 42, against which the inner nozzle tip 38
seats. Tip 38 is circular in cross-section and has a diameter which
makes a press-fit with the walls of the inner portion of bore 22,
so that it is held rigidly in place when forced into engagement
with the positioning shoulder 42.
An outer tip 44 having an aperture 46 is in this instance
threadedly engaged within the outermost end of the elongated
passage 40. Outer tip 44 provides additional protection against
foreign matter blocking the orifice 39 in the inner nozzle tip 38.
Outer tips having extensions for directing air into narrow,
inaccessible places may also be used by simply removing the short
tip 44 and replacing it with a tip having a nose of the desired
length. The opening 46 in the short tip 44 is larger in diameter
than the orifice 39 of the inner tip, so that there is no increase
in pressure within the passage 40 between the inner tip 38 and
outer tip 44.
In order to prevent pressure build-up within the outer passage 40
if the outer aperture 46 is blocked, vent holes 48 are formed
radially through the walls of the nozzle in spaced relation to each
other peripherally of the nozzle. Consequently, should the outer
tip 44 at the discharge end of the nozzle be placed against an
object, such as the flat surface S shown in FIG. 1, so that air can
not pass through the outer aperture 46 while the gun is being used,
the air will vent laterally out through openings 48.
Since it is necessary to vent upward and to both sides, as well as
downward as indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 4, the air projected
upwardly and to the sides, at least, may be a hazard in that the
face of the person using the gun may be in line with one of the
holes 48 at the time the discharge aperture 46 becomes plugged.
Dirt and other foreign matter can therefore be propelled by the
vented-air stream into the face of the operator.
In accordance with the present invention, this danger can be
greatly reduced, if not completely eliminated, by providing several
peripherally spaced auxiliary-air passages 50 in the nozzle 24,
each of which directs a stream or jet of air at one of the vent
openings 48 so that the vented air is deflected away from the
operator, as illustrated in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings.
Auxiliary-air passages 50 are readily formed by parallel grooves 52
in the surface of the mounting portion 28 of the nozzle, each
groove 52 extending through, and opening at the inner end of
mounting portion 28, as well as through the enlargement 34, so that
air is continuously blown forwardly through the passages 50.
In this particular instance, each of the auxiliary-air passages 50,
of which there are three all together, is directly in line with one
of the vent holes 48 on the top and sides of nozzle 24.
Consequently, when the air in the outer passage 40 is driven out
through vent holes 48 because of a stoppage in outer nozzle tip 44,
the auxiliary-air jets from passages 50 deflect the exhaust air
forward in the manner illustrated in FIG. 1. The potential danger
of the exhaust air picking up particles of dirt and blowing it into
the face of the operator, or at anyone else in the immediate
vicinity, is therefore substantially reduced.
Since the vent hole in the under side of the nozzle is directed
downward away from the operator, or from persons working next to
him, there is no danger from it. Consequently, no auxiliary-air jet
needs to be provided at this point. However, any vent holes which
direct the air upward or to either side should be protected
against.
It will be noted that in addition to protecting the operator from
the exhaust air through vent holes 48, the auxiliary-air jets also
act to provide a partial curtain of air for intercepting material
blown back toward the operator by the main stream of air in a
manner similar to that disclosed in the patent to Gould U.S. Pat.
No. 2,917,244. To this end, the bottoms of grooves 52 curve outward
at their outer ends, so that the air from each jet fans out to
provide a better curtain effect. However, if desired, the grooves
52 can extend straight through toward each vent hole 48. It will be
appreciated, moreover, that in order to obtain greater protection,
additional auxiliary-air jet passages may be provided between the
three shown in the accompanying drawings. However, these additional
air jets would provide little or no protection against the hazard
produced by the vent holes 48 unless they are aimed almost directly
at one of the holes. On the other hand, the use of additional
auxiliary air jets not directed at a vent hole is not excluded by
the present invention as long as all the vent holes in the nozzle
which may produce a hazard are protected against by at least one of
the auxiliary jets.
It is desirable, moreover, to locate the vent holes 48 immediately
adjacent the inner nozzle tip so that when the gun is being used
normally an additional volume of air is aspirated into the main
stream of air because of the venturi effect produced by the
acceleration of the air passing through the inner nozzle 38. The
vent holes 48, therefore, act not only to allow air to travel
outward through them if the discharge end of the nozzle becomes
plugged, but also to draw air in through them into the main stream
of air when the gun is functioning normally.
* * * * *