U.S. patent number 3,789,855 [Application Number 05/155,517] was granted by the patent office on 1974-02-05 for high flavor impact, low smoke yield cigarette mouthpiece.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Liggett & Myers Incorporated. Invention is credited to Dr. Vello Norman.
United States Patent |
3,789,855 |
Norman |
February 5, 1974 |
HIGH FLAVOR IMPACT, LOW SMOKE YIELD CIGARETTE MOUTHPIECE
Abstract
A cigarette mouthpiece for an unfiltered cigarette in which the
proportionate volume of smoke drawn from the tobacco section of the
cigarette into the smoker's mouth is regulated with respect to the
volume of ventilating air simultaneously drawn into the smoker's
mouth where the smoke and the air are first commingled, the
regulation providing precise, pre-selected control over the
dilution of the smoke in the smoker's mouth. The mouthpiece
comprises at least one central smoke passage and ventilation
perforations around the periphery of the mouthpiece. A particular
draw resistance for the smoke passage is selected to complement a
particular draw resistance for the ventilation perforations,
thereby regulating the respective volumes of smoke and air entering
the smoker's mouth when he draws on the cigarette.
Inventors: |
Norman; Dr. Vello (Durham,
NC) |
Assignee: |
Liggett & Myers
Incorporated (New York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22555771 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/155,517 |
Filed: |
June 22, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
131/336;
131/198.2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A24D
3/043 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A24D
3/04 (20060101); A24D 3/00 (20060101); A24d
001/04 (); A24f 005/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;131/1A,9,198R,198A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
275,243 |
|
Jul 1927 |
|
GB |
|
24,135 |
|
1909 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Michell; Robert W.
Assistant Examiner: Pitrelli; John F.
Claims
1. The combination of a cigarette tobacco section, a cigarette
mouthpiece and a cylinder of tipping paper joining said mouthpiece
to said tobacco section; said cigarette mouthpiece comprising
a smoke passage aligned with said cigarette tobacco section and
having a draw resistance for controlling the amount of undiluted
and unfiltered smoke entering a smoker's mouth for a given draw,
said passage having a first cylindrical portion adjacent said
tobacco section to receive smoke, a second portion at the opposite
end and an intermediate portion of decreasing cross-sectional area
from said first portion to said second portion;
a cylindrical peripheral portion about said smoke passage, said
peripheral portion including an inner cylinder of mouthpiece paper
forming an annular space with said intermediate and said second
portions of said smoke passage, a plurality of perforations in said
cylinders of mouthpiece paper and tipping paper communicating said
space radially with the surrounding air, said perforations having a
draw resistance to complement said draw resistance of said smoke
passage whereby for a given draw a desired amount of ventilation
air enters the smoker's mouth through said annular space.
2. The combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein said second
portion of
3. The combination as set forth in claim 2 wherein said
intermediate portion is conical with a diameter decreasing linearly
from said first
4. The combination as set forth in claim 1 which further comprises
a means between said tobacco section and said first portion for
preventing tobacco
5. The combination as set forth in claim 1 which further comprises
means
6. The combination as set forth in claim 5 wherein said means
includes radially extending ribs between said smoke passage and
said peripheral
7. The combination as set forth in claim 5 wherein said means
comprises a short, annular member positioned between the second
portion of said smoke passage and the peripheral portion.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is known that certain advantages are achieved by diluting the
smoke stream from a cigarette with a stream of ventilating air. The
dilution of the smoke of the cigarette has the effect of reducing
the quantity of particulate matter and gaseous phase components
drawn into the smoker's mouth on each puff. The ventilating air
also functions to cool the smoke in the smoker's mouth. Prior
cigarette mouthpieces used various methods for introducing the
ventilation air into the smoke stream. In particular, it is known
to segregate the ventilating air stream from the smoke stream in
the cigarette mouthpiece so that the two streams are first
commingled in the smoker's mouth, for example, as disclosed in
Osmalov Pat. No. 3,490,461.
However, prior art ventilating methods are deficient in certain
respects since they do not provide effective and precise control of
the amount of dilution obtained when the smoker draws on the
cigarette. These ventilating methods use only the degree of tipping
perforations in the cigarette mouthpiece to control the amount of
ventilating air entering the smoker's mouth when he draws on the
cigarette. Such methods do not provide sensitive controls of the
dilution of the smoke stream since no positive control is provided
to limit the amount of smoke entering the smoker's mouth. When the
tip perforations of the prior cigarette mouthpieces are wide open,
thereby providing their maximum dilution of the smoke stream, a
significant portion of each puff, perhaps as much as one-half, is
still drawn through the cigarette. Therefore, the amount of
particulate matter and gas phase components in each puff cannot be
reduced beyond the amount thereof contained in the significant
portion of smoke drawn during each puff.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The mouthpiece of the present invention is directed to unfiltered
cigarettes, and it provides all the advantages, discussed above,
attendant in the known mouthpieces for such cigarettes. More
importantly, the mouthpiece provides a means for precise,
pre-selected control of the proportionate amounts of undiluted
smoke and air entering the smoker's mouth when he draws on the
cigarette. Therefore, the amount of particulate matter and gas
phase components in each puff can be significantly reduced beyond
the amount thereof contained in the significant portion of smoke
drawn during each puff on a cigarette with a known mouthpiece. The
mouthpiece comprises ventilation perforations around the periphery
thereof and at least one central smoke passage for drawing
ventilation air and undiluted smoke, respectively, into the
smoker's mouth.
The flow rates of the air through the ventilation perforations and
the smoke through the smoke passage is proportional to the pressure
drop across each and inversely proportional to their respective
draw resistances. When the smoker draws on the cigarette, he
creates a pressure drop across the perforations and the passage of
the mouthpiece. For this pressure drop, the flow rates of the air
and the smoke into the smoker's mouth are inversely proportional to
the draw resistances of the ventilation perforations and the smoke
passage. Therefore, an increase in the draw resistance of the smoke
passage, or a decrease in the draw resistance of the ventilation
perforations, would decrease the proportion of smoke to air
entering the smoker's mouth. The converse would increase the
proportion of smoke to air.
By preselecting the appropriate draw resistances for the
ventilation perforations and the smoke passage of the mouthpiece,
precise control over the dilution of the smoke entering the
smoker's mouth is provided. In the ultimate, the draw resistance of
the smoke passage can be increased to a point where little or no
smoke enters the smoker's mouth during each puff.
The mouthpiece of the present invention provides the added
advantage of having the smoke stream issue from the smoke passage
at a relatively high velocity compared with smoke velocities of
known mouthpieces. A superior flavor impact is provided when the
high velocity smoke stream from the mouthpiece impinges on the
smoker's mouth and/or tongue, prior to commingling with the
ventilation air.
Essentially, the cigarette mouthpiece of this invention comprises
at least one ventilation perforation formed in the body of the
mouthpiece at or adjacent the periphery thereof. Each ventilation
perforation is in communication with the surrounding atmosphere and
is provided to deliver ventilating air directly into the smoker's
mouth. The mouthpiece also has at least one central smoke passage
positioned in the interior of the body of the mouthpiece for
drawing undiluted smoke from the cigarette directly into the
smoker's mouth so that the smoke stream and air stream are each
delivered separately thereto. The total cross-sectional area of the
smoke passage decreases from a maximum total area adjacent an inlet
opening in the end of the mouthpiece joined to the tobacco section
to a minimum total area adjacent an outlet opening in the other
end.
The smoke passage of the mouthpiece comprises a cylinder having a
first cylindrical portion at the end of the mouthpiece adjacent the
tobacco section of the cigarette having a diameter substantially
equal to the diameter of the tobacco section and a second
cylindrical portion, having a reduced diameter, at the other end.
The first cylindrical portion is aligned with the tobacco section
of the cigarette. The second cylindrical portion has an opening for
communicating with the smoker's mouth. The diameter of the smoke
passage decreases smoothly and continuously from the diameter of
the first cylindrical portion to the diameter of the second
cylindrical portion.
As noted above, the desired amount of dilution of the smoke
entering the smoker's mouth is controlled by preselecting the
appropriate draw resistances for the ventilation perforations and
the smoke passage. The draw resistance of the ventilation
perforations can be controlled, for example, by changing the number
and/or size of the perforations and the draw resistance of the
smoke passage can be adjusted, for example, by varying the diameter
of the second cylindrical portion thereof.
The above advantages of the cigarette mouthpiece of the present
invention will become more apparent from the following description,
when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein
corresponding parts of each figure have corresponding numbers.
FIG. 1 is a view of one embodiment of the mouthpiece of the present
invention joined to a cigarette.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the
mouthpiece of the present invention joined to a cigarette.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the mouthpiece of FIG. 2 from the
end thereof adjacent the tobacco section of the cigarette.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the mouthpiece of FIG. 2 from the
other end thereof.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the
mouthpiece.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of still another embodiment of the
mouthpiece of the present invention joined to a cigarette.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the mouthpiece of FIG. 6 from the
end thereof adjacent the tobacco section of the cigarette.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the mouthpiece of FIG. 6 from the
other end thereof.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIGS. 1-4, one preferred embodiment of the mouthpiece
10 is shown joined, in a conventional manner, to an unfiltered
cigarette 15 having a tobacco section 16 comprised of tobacco 17
and a paper wrapper 18. The mouthpiece 10, conveniently formed as a
cylindrical body, is aligned with the tobacco 17. The mouthpiece 10
comprises a central smoke passage 20 positioned within the interior
of the mouthpiece 10 and aligned with the tobacco 17 of the
cigarette 15. The smoke passage 20 has a circular cross-section and
comprises a first cylindrical portion 21 at the end of the
mouthpiece 10 adjacent the tobacco section 16, a second cylindrical
portion 22 at the other end, and an intermediate portion 23
therebetween. The diameter of the intermediate portion 23
continuously decreases from the diameter of the first cylindrical
portion 21 at one end to the diameter of the second cylindrical
portion 22 at the other end. Preferably, the diameter of the first
cylindrical portion 21 is substantially equal to the diameter of
the tobacco section 16. When the smoker draws on the cigarette,
undiluted smoke from the tobacco section 16 travels through the
smoke passage 20 and into the smoker's mouth via a circular opening
24 at the smoker's end of the mouthpiece 10.
Smoke passage 20 functions to control or regulate the amount of
undiluted smoke that can enter the smoker's mouth for any given
draw or puff on the cigarette 15. When the smoker draws on the
cigarette 15, he creates a pressure drop across the smoke passage
20. The flow rate of undiluted smoke through the smoke passage 20
is proportional to this pressure drop and inversely proportional to
the draw resistance of the passage 20. Therefore, for a given
pressure drop, the flow rate decreases as the draw resistance
increases. The draw resistance of the smoke passage 20 is
preferably adjusted by changing the cross-sectional area of the
second cylindrical portion 22 or the diameter of the opening 24. A
particular draw resistance of the smoke passage 20 is selected
depending upon the amount of undiluted smoke desired to enter the
smoker's mouth for any given draw on the cigarette 15.
The shape of the smoke passage is not critical; however, it is
important that all the smoke from the tobacco section 16 be drawn
through the smoke passage 20 and that the smoke passage 20 has a
constricted portion therein to restrict the amount of undiluted
smoke drawn into the smoker's mouth during each puff.
The peripheral portion 25 of the mouthpiece 10 is formed to provide
ventilation perforations 30 to permit ventilating air to enter the
smoker's mouth. The peripheral portion 25 is cylindrical in shape
and is comprised of an inner cylinder of mouthpiece paper 31 and an
outer cylinder of tipping paper 32. The mouthpiece paper 31
encircles the first cylindrical portion 21 of the smoke passage 20
so that all the smoke is drawn through the smoke passage 20. The
tipping paper 32 joins the mouthpiece 10 to the tobacco section 16
of the cigarette 15.
A plurality of spaced apart ventilation perforations 30 are
disposed around the peripheral portion 25 of the mouthpiece 10. The
position of the ventilating perforations 30 is not critical as long
as each perforation 30 is in communication between the air
surrounding the cigarette 15 when the cigarette is in the smoker's
mouth and the space 33 between the smoke passage 20 and the
peripheral portion 25 of the mouthpiece 10. When the smoker draws
on the cigarette, streams of ventilating air pass through the
ventilating perforations 30 into the space 33 surrounding the smoke
passage 20 and hence into the smoker's mouth where the air is first
commingled with the smoke stream from the smoke passage 20.
The ventilation perforations 30 also have a draw resistance which
can be varied by changing the size and/or number of the
perforations 30. A particular draw resistance of the ventilation
perforations 30 is selected to complement the draw resistance of
the smoke passage 20 so that, for a given draw on the cigarette 15,
a desired amount of ventilation air enters the smoker's mouth.
Although the total volume drawn into the smoker's mouth remains
substantially the same, the ventilating air serves to diminish the
amount of undiluted smoke entering the smoker's mouth. A reduction
in the amount of smoke for a particular draw provides a reduction
in the particulate matter and gas phase components entering the
smoker's mouth for that draw. The mouthpiece 10 provides a means
for finely controlling the proportionate amounts of undiluted smoke
and ventilating air entering the smoker's mouth when he draws on
the cigarette. By increasing the draw resistance of the smoke
passage 20 with respect to the draw resistance of the ventilating
perforations 30, the proportionate amount of undiluted smoke is
decreased.
It is desirable to provide a means for preventing particles of
tobacco from the tobacco section 16 from entering the smoke passage
20 and clogging the opening 24. One such means is conveniently
shown in FIGS. 2-3 as a fine mesh screen or grid 35 positioned
across the end of the smoke passage 20 adjacent the tobacco section
16. It will be understood that other means would suffice equally as
well. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, a short, cylindrical segment
of low pressure drop fibrous material 36 could be placed between
the smoke passage 20 and the tobacco cylinder 17 of the cigarette
15. Further, a thin, circular plate (not shown) having a plurality
of small inlets or perforations therein could be positioned across
the end of the smoke passage adjacent the tobacco section to keep
the tobacco out of the smoke passage but still allow smoke to pass
through the passage.
It is also desirable to provide a means for supporting the
peripheral portion 25 of the mouthpiece 10 containing the
ventilation perforations 30 to prevent it from collapsing under the
pressure exerted by the smoker's lips and/or fingers on the
mouthpiece. One such means is conveniently shown in FIGS. 2-3 as a
plurality of radially extending, equally spaced supporting rib
sections 38 positioned between the outer surface of the smoke
passage 20 and the inner surface of the peripheral portion 25 of
the mouthpiece 10. An alternative means for support is shown in
FIG. 5 as a short, rigid, annular member 39 such as a low pressure
drop filler which is pervious to air positioned, as above, between
smoke passage 20 and the peripheral portion 25 at the smoker's end
of the mouthpiece.
Another embodiment of the mouthpiece 10 of the present invention is
shown in FIGS. 6-8. The mouthpiece 10 comprises a plurality of
ventilation perforations 30, similar to the ventilation perforation
30 described with reference to FIGS. 2-4. The central smoke passage
20 comprises a cylindrical portion 21, at the end of the mouthpiece
10 adjacent the tobacco section 16 and a conical portion 40
extending therefrom and having a circular opening 24 at the other
end of the mouthpiece 10. The diameter of the conical portion 40
decreases linearly from the diameter of the cylindrical portion 21
at one end to the diameter of the circular opening 24 at the other
end. As discussed above, the cylindrical fibrous material 36
prevents tobacco from entering the smoke passage 20. FIGS. 6-8 show
still another means for supporting the peripheral portion 25 of the
mouthpiece 10 containing the ventilation perforations 30. A thin,
rigid sleeve 45 extends coaxially between the smoke passage 20 and
the peripheral portion 25 of the mouthpiece 10 along the length
thereof.
Preferably, the particular draw resistance, as discussed above, of
the smoke passage 20 is obtained by changing the diameter of the
circular opening 24 so that the desired amount of undiluted smoke
enters the smoker's mouth on any given draw on the cigarette
15.
The following example will serve to illustrate the precise control
over the proportionate amounts of undiluted smoke and ventilating
air obtainable with the mouthpiece 10 of the present invention.
Mouthpieces of the type shown in FIG. 2 were attached to unfiltered
cigarettes. The amount of ventilation perforations and the diameter
of the opening in the smoke passage were separately varied to
change the proportionate amount of ventilation air to undiluted
smoke passing through the mouthpieces. The cigarettes were then
smoked and the following results were obtained. ##SPC1##
The above results show a significant reduction in the particulate
matter and gas phase components that would be drawn into the
smoker's mouth when he puffs on the cigarette compared to the
results obtained when an unfiltered, control cigarette having a
similar tobacco section was smoked.
The data in Table 1 indicate that there are some differences as to
how various smoke components are affected by changes in the
controlling parameters of the mouthpiece. Generally, at a given
smoke passage resistance (and especially at relatively low smoke
passage resistance) a change in the resistance of the ventilation
perforations has a much more profound effect on gas phase
components (HCN, Organic Gas Phase) than on particulate phase
components (cf. the yields of HCN and NFDS for Samples A, B and C
versus D, E and F).
At a given low ventilation perforation resistance changes in the
resistance of the smoke passage have generally a sharper effect of
particulate phase than on gas phase yields (cf. the trend in yields
of HCN and NFDS for Samples A, B and C).
At high ventilation perforation resistances the yields of all smoke
components are relatively insensitive to changes in smoke passage
resistance (cf. Samples I and J).
Thus by choosing the mouthpiece parameters properly, a certain
amount of selectivity can be exercised in the reduction of various
smoke components.
The embodiments of the cigarette mouthpiece shown in FIGS. 2 and 6
can be made from a variety of materials known to the art, such as
thermoplastics and corrugated paper. It is preferable that the
smoke passages 20 be constructed from a rigid material so that they
will provide internal support for the peripheral portion 25 of
mouthpiece 10.
The embodiments of the mouthpiece of the present invention
described above are intended to illustrate the broader aspects of
the invention as described above, and the advantages attendant
therein, and are not to be constructed in a limiting sense.
* * * * *