U.S. patent number 3,789,829 [Application Number 05/148,823] was granted by the patent office on 1974-02-05 for vaginal radium applicator.
Invention is credited to Harrith M. Hasson.
United States Patent |
3,789,829 |
Hasson |
February 5, 1974 |
VAGINAL RADIUM APPLICATOR
Abstract
A radium applicator for treating cancer of the uterus formed in
the shape of a vaginal speculum. The speculum applicator comprises
an upper colpostat housing having a pair of pivotable arms
connected thereto and a lower retractor blade assembly. A
radium-carrying ovoid is connected to each colpostat arm and a
linkage is connected to each ovoid for pivoting each ovoid about an
axis that is substantially perpendicular to the pivotal axis of its
colpostat arm. Means are provided for connecting a radium-carrying
tandem to the colpostat's saddle handle after the applicator has
been inserted in the vagina.
Inventors: |
Hasson; Harrith M. (Chicago,
IL) |
Family
ID: |
22527547 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/148,823 |
Filed: |
June 1, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
600/6;
600/221 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
1/32 (20130101); A61N 5/1016 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
1/32 (20060101); A61N 5/10 (20060101); A61n
005/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/1.1,1.2,7,17,345 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kamm; William E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Gerstman; George H.
Claims
1. A radium applicator which comprises: an upper colpostat housing,
said colpostat housing including a saddle and a pair of colpostat
arms; means for connecting said colpostat arms to said saddle; an
ovoid for carrying radium located adjacent to the distal end of
each colpostat arm; means for pivotally connecting each said ovoid
adjacent to the distal end of each said colpostat arm; means
connected to said housing for pivoting each colpostat arm whereby
the distal ends of the colpostat arms can be moved apart from each
other, and a linkage connected to each ovoid for pivoting each
ovoid about an axis that is substantially perpendicular to its
2. A radium applicator as described in claim 1, including a lower
blade and means connecting said lower blade to said saddle; and
said colpostat housing being positioned over said lower blade, to
form a speculum-like
3. A radium applicator as described in claim 2, in which said
saddle is of a length that is effective to permit it to remain
visible outside the vagina, thereby indicating the position and
direction of the colpostat and thereby being used to aid in removal
of the colpostat housing at the end
4. A radium applicator as described in claim 2, wherein said lower
blade has a downwardly extending portion at one end thereof adapted
for contact by the hand of the operator and a handle adjustably
connected to said downwardly extending portion, means connecting
said handle to said housing, said handle being operable to aid in
effecting relative movement between said lower blade and said
colpostat arms, and means for adjustably connecting said handle and
said downwardly extending portion and for retaining said handle and
said downwardly extending portion in a selected
5. A radium applicator as described in claim 2, including means for
enabling rapid disconnection of said lower blade assembly from said
upper
6. A radium applicator as described in claim 1, said colpostat
housing having means connected thereto for receiving a
radium-carrying tandem, and a tandem comprising an elongated
rod-shaped member adapted for carrying radium and having means for
connecting said tandem to said tandem
7. A radium applicator as described in claim 6, in which said
tandem comprises several connected parts to allow adjustments in
length, angle
8. A radium applicator which comprises: an upper colpostat housing,
said colpostat housing including a saddle and a pair of colpostat
arms; means for connecting said colpostat arms to said saddle; a
first shaft connected to one of said arms; a first radium-carrying
ovoid; a second shaft connected to the other of said arms; a second
radium-carrying ovoid; means for movably positioning said first and
second ovoids on said first and second shafts, respectively, with
each ovoid being adapted for positioning at the distal end of one
of said colpostat arms and at a location under said arms; means
connected to said housing for pivoting each colpostat arm whereby
the distal ends of the colpostat arms can be moved apart from each
other; a lower blade; means connecting said lower blade to said
saddle, said colpostat housing being positioned over said lower
blade to form a speculum-like instrument; said saddle being of a
length that is effective to permit it to remain visible outside the
vagina, thereby indicating the position and direction of the
colpostat and thereby being used to aid in the removal of the
colpostat housing at the end of the application.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a vaginal applicator for treating cancer
of the uterus with radium therapy. As used herein, the term
"radium" is also intended to cover any radioactive material useful
in cancer treatment.
Cancer of the uterus is often treated by inserting into the vagina
and uterus a radium-bearing applicator. Such applicators are
well-known and are sold by Radium Chemical Company, Inc., 161 East
42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017.
Radium applicators typically comprise a pair of arms which carry at
their ends ovoids which hold a radium source. Some applicators have
provision for a central elongated rod, called a tandem, which also
carries a radium source. One type of prior art applicator has
adjustable ovoids with a stationary tandem which is inserted into
the vagina simultaneously with the ovoids. Such simultaneous
insertion limits the depth to which the ovoids can be inserted. In
many such instances, the ovoids cannot be inserted as far as would
be desirable and the placement may be inaccurate.
Another type of prior art applicator has stationary ovoids, and the
tandem can be inserted subsequent to insertion of the ovoids.
Although subsequent insertion of the tandem is generally preferable
to simultaneous insertion, applicators with stationary ovoids have
certain difficulties because of their symmetry and inflexibility.
For example, it has been found that if the uterus is not
symmetrical about the axis of the vagina, certain areas of the
uterus will be closer to the radium sources than other areas. Hence
a displaced uterus may occasion "hot spots" because of the location
of a symmetrical, relatively inflexible applicator with respect to
a uterus that is not symmetrical about the axis of the vagina,
resulting in overtreating one side of the uterus and adjacent
tissues and undertreating the opposite side.
In the present invention, an applicator is provided which has the
structure and adjustability to enable it to be properly positioned
with respect to a uterus that is normally not symmetrical about the
axis of the vagina, as well as a symmetrical uterus. In this
manner, the ovoids and tandem can be located properly with the
radium being directed in a selected manner without resulting in
undesirable "hot spots." Further, once inserted, the applicator of
the present invention will remain in proper position in contrast to
prior art applicators in which the ovoids can turn after insertion
thereby permitting radiation to be directed improperly.
Furthermore, any shifting or tilting in the application of the
present invention will be readily apparent and can be easily
corrected since the applicator, fashioned in the shape and form of
a gynecological vaginal speculum, has its outermost end, the saddle
handle, readily visible outside the vagina, indicating the axis of
the device.
It is, therefore, a principal object of the present invention to
provide a radium applicator which has a flexibility to allow it to
be positioned properly and selectively with respect to
non-symmetrical as well as symmetrical uteri.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a radium
applicator which permits adjustable ovoids to be first inserted
into the vagina and permits an adjustable tandem subsequently to be
inserted in the uterus.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a radium
applicator which may aid in properly positioning the uterus with
respect to the vagina in order to obtain proper radium therapy.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent as the description of the present invention proceeds.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a
radium applicator shaped like a vaginal speculum which includes an
upper colpostat housing having a pair of colpostat arms connected
thereto and a lower retractor blade. An ovoid for carrying radium
is connected to each colpostat arm and means are provided for
pivoting each colpostat arm, whereby the distal ends of the arms
can be moved apart from each other. A linkage is connected to each
ovoid for pivoting each ovoid about an axis that is substantially
perpendicular to the pivotal axis of its colpostat.
In the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the
housing has means connected thereto for receiving a radium-carrying
tandem. The tandem includes an elongated rod-shaped member adapted
for carrying radium and has means for connecting the tandem to the
saddle of the colpostat after the applicator has been inserted into
the vagina.
A more detailed explantion of the invention is provided in the
following description and claims and is illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a radium applicator constructed in
accordance with the principles of the present invention, with the
applicator shown in its closed position and viewed from the left
rear thereof;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a radium applicator constructed in
accordance with the principles of the present invention, with the
applicator shown in its open position and with a tandem connected
thereto, viewed from the right front thereof;
FIG. 2A is an enlarged exploded view of the tandem, together with a
side elevation thereof;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the applicator of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view, partially broken for
clarity, of the colpostat drive mechanism of the applicator of FIG.
3;
FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of the applicator of FIG. 1;
and
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the applicator of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENT
Referring to the figures, it is seen that radium applicator 10
comprises upper colpostat housing 11 and lower retractor blade
assembly 11A. Referring to FIG. 3 in particular, it can be seen
that the colpostat housing 11 includes a right colpostat arm 12, a
left colpostat arm 14 and a saddle 16. Saddle 16 holds in place the
inboard ends 18, 20 of colpostat arms 12, 14, respectively, by
bolts 22 which extend through recesses 24 defined by saddle 16 and
recesses 26 defined by the colpostat arms, and which bolts extend
into recesses 28 of right colpostat drive brace 30, left colpostat
drive brace 32 and finally into threaded recesses in plate 36.
Saddle 16 carries downwardly extending seat members 34 which seat
on plate 36 of saddle brace 38. Saddle brace 38 is fastened to a
housing 40 having a square cross-sectional configuration and
carrying therewithin an outer locating tube 42 and an inner screw
tube 44 for threaded engagement with the threads 46 of extender pin
screw 48. Extender pin screw 48 carries vertically extending pins
50, 52 which, respectively, engage the walls defining recess 54 of
left colpostat drive brace 32 and recess 56 of right colpostat
drive brace 30.
Upper surface 60 of tandem shoe 62 engages the undersurface of
plate 36. Saddle 16, saddle brace 38 and tandem shoe 62 are
connected together by means of screws 64 which enter recesses 66
defined by upper surface 70, corresponding recesses (not shown)
defined by plate 36 and corresponding recesses (not shown) defined
by saddle members 34.
Right colpostat drive brace 30 includes a forwardly extending arm
68 having a block 70 fastened to its distal end and left colpostat
drive brace 32 has an extending arm 72 having a block 74 connected
to its distal end. A removabale separator thumb wheel 76 and shaft
locator 78 is inserted into inner screw tube 44 in housing 40 so
that shaft locator 78 engages inner screw tube 44 to provide
rotation of inner screw tube 44 when thumb wheel 76 is turned. Such
rotation will cause extender pin screw 46 to move longitudinally
with respect to housing 40, thereby pivoting right and left
colpostat drive braces 30 and 32. Drive braces 30 and 32 are
fastened to the colpostat arms by blocks 70, 74 which are attached
directly to the undersurfaces of the respective colpostat arms.
The ovoid assembly comprises main extender shafts 82, 84 which are
connected at 86 to an intermediate linkage 88. Intermediate linkage
88 carries a pin 90 which slides within a slot 92 of center
extender shaft 94. The center extender shaft 94 is fastened to the
inside of handle housing 98 by means of pins which enter recesses
100 of the center extender shaft and recesses 102 of the handle
housing. Handle housing 98 slides on the front portion 104 of
housing 40, with center extender shaft 94 sliding within guide slot
96 of housing 40. A pair of springs 106 are located on the outside
of handle housing 98 and connected thereto by two screws 107.
Springs 106 provide pressure on cam handles 108 therefore forcing
cam handles 108 into frictional engagement with housing 40 when the
cam handles 108 are released. Cam handles 108 are connected to
handle housing 98 by means of U-shaped member 109, the sides of
which extend into apertures 109' defined by cam handles 108.
Springs 106 force cam handles 108 inwardly. The cam handles 108
cooperate with backplate 110 to enable the handle housing 98 to be
precisely moved along housing 40. It can be seen that movement of
housing 98 with respect to housing 40, after a predetermined
distance, will force extender shafts 82 and 84 to move
longitudinally.
Ovoids 114 and 116 are carried by main extender shafts 82 and 84,
in pivotal relationship therewith, through links 115, 117 which are
pivotally connected to the main extender shafts. The ovoids are
identical in construction, with each having a pivot extension 118
defining a recess 120 for carrying a pivot pin 122, which pivot pin
is surrounded by a retracting spring 124 which biases the ovoids
upwardly as in the position shown in FIGS. 3, 5 and 6. Pivot pins
122 extend into recesses defined by ovoid holders 126 (see FIGS. 2
and 5) and the forward section of the main extender shafts 82 and
84 is supported by shaft retainers 130 and 132, respectively, which
are fastened to downwardly extending members 134 which are fastened
to the underside of the respective colpostat arms (see FIGS. 2 and
5). The rear section of extender shafts 82 and 84 is maintained in
place by means of retainers 138 and 140 which are fastened to
downwardly extending members 142 which are fastened to the
underside of the respective colpostat arms as shown in FIGS. 2 and
5.
Each of the ovoids is substantially hollow and can be loaded with
the desired amount of radium. To this end, a threaded closure
member 144 with a formed and connected lead insert is provided and
is utilized as a radioactive shield. The upper part of the ovoid is
also filled with lead to act as a shield (not shown) so that both
the upper and lower ends of the ovoid contain a built-in lead
shield to screen the adjacent structures, namely the bladder and
rectum, from radiation.
Applicator 10 further includes a lower retractor blade assembly
11A. This consists of a lower blade 150 having a downwardly
extending portion 152 which carries a retaining bolt 154. A handle
156 is provided which defines a slot 158 through which retaining
bolt 154 is protruding and is engaged by a retaining thumb wheel
160. It can be seen that lower blade 150 can move up and down with
respect to handle 156 by loosening retaining thumb wheel 160 and
allowing bolt 154 to ride within slot 158. Lower blade 150 has no
direct connection to saddle 16.
Saddle 16 has a downwardly extending portion 166 defining a recess
168 the walls of which engage a spreader screw 170. Spreader screw
170 threadedly engages a spreader thumb wheel 172 and has a forward
portion 174 which defines a recess 176, which recess is adapted to
surround key 180 that is T-shaped to retain the spreader screw 170
in place. Handle 156 is generally Y-shaped and has a side portion
182 which defines a recess 184, the walls of which recess are
engaged by retaining screw 186 that extends through recess 188
defined by side 190 of saddle 16 and enters recess 184 of side
portion 182. Corresponding side 181 holds pin 162 which fits in
recess 164 of saddle 16. A pivot is thereby provided between
retaining screw 186 and pin 162 allowing saddle 16 to rotate around
the line passing through those two points.
The tandem 200 includes an active section 204 which carries radium
and is fastened to inactive section 206 by means of threads.
Inactive section 206 is attached to tandem receptacle 212 by
threaded rod 208 which is attached to handle 210. The active
section 204 may have different lengths of its fore section 202.
Inactive sections 206 are also available in different lengths. The
tandem receptacle 212 may also have different lengths and angles.
These variable dimensions are compensating factors to allow for
different depths of the vagina and different positions of the
cervix in the vaginal cavity.
A tandem receptacle 212 is fastened to tandem 200 and is shaped for
insertion into tandem shoe 62. Tandem receptacle 212 carries a pair
of retaining springs 214 which engage the underside of the top
plate forming the tandem shoe 62 for retaining the receptacle 212
in position within shoe 62.
It can be seen that the outer configuration of applicator 10 is
similar in many respects to the configuration of the conventional
speculum. In this manner, it will be relatively simple for the
physician who has used a speculum to become acquainted with an
applicator constructed in accordance with the present invention.
The applicator in fact functions as a speculum, in the first step
of application, to expose the vagina and cervix uteri and to
position the radium in the ovoids and tandem properly.
OPERATION
Speculum colpostats are made in different sizes, such as small,
medium and large, to accommodate differences in vaginal size and
flexibility. In the operation of the device, retaining thumb wheel
160 is loosened allowing lower blade 150 to be brought to its
uppermost position, and spreader thumb wheel 172 is loosened so
that the distal ends of colpostat arms 12 and 14 are as close as
possible to lower blade 150 as shown in FIG. 1. The
speculum-colpostat is inserted into the vagina. The colpostat arms
and lower blade are then spread apart with pivot movement about the
axis of screw 186 and pin 162, by turning thumb wheel 172
clockwise, until the colpostat arms and lower blade are spread
apart to a desired distance. The colpostat arms are then further
moved apart from the lower blade by steadying and/or pushing handle
156 upward on thumb surface 220 and pushing downward on extending
portion 152, after loosening retaining thumb wheel 160, so that
bolt 154 will be in a selected position lower than uppermost
portion of slot 158. When the colpostat arms and lower blade are
apart and brought to a selected position providing adequate vaginal
retraction and exposure, thumb wheel 160 is turned clockwise to
tighten the handle 156 in place, against lower blade 150. Colpostat
arms 12 and 14 are then pivoted about axis of screws 22, by turning
separator thumb wheel 76 clockwise and in this manner, the distal
ends of the colpostat arms will be apart from each other, as shown
in FIG. 2. Separator thumb wheel 76 can then be withdrawn, to be
inserted again after treatment has ended.
After the distal ends of the colpostat arms are spread apart a
desired amount, stretching the vaginal fornix and thereby fixing
the colpostat in the vagina, ovoids 114 and 116 are lowered into
position by grasping cams 108 and pulling backward until the cams
come in contact with back plate 110, then continuing to move the
handle housing backward with respect to housing 40 until ovoids 114
and 116 are extended 90.degree. and are perpendicular to colpostat
arms 12 and 14. The lateral radium sources in the ovoids are thus
placed in the stretched fornix in an optimum position close to the
parametrium and "Point B" (an important point of reference
well-known in the art of Radiotherapy).
With the applicator properly placed in the position of FIG. 2, a
tenaculum or other cervix holding instrument may be placed securely
on the anterior or posterior lip of the cervix. The uterus is then
sounded and measured using the Wing Sound, invented by Dr. Harrith
M. Hasson, which determines the individual lengths of the
endometrial cavity and cervical canal. The length from the tandem
shoe 62 to the cervix can be measured also. The proper length and
angle for tandem receptacle 212 and the proper length and number of
inactive sections 206 and length of active section 204 can thus be
determined.
The tandem 200 can be assembled with handle 210 and rear threaded
section 208. After proper assembly, tandem 200 can be introduced
into the uterus and locked into tandem shoe 62 and the cervix can
still be viewed through the opening defined by saddle 16 and handle
156 as in a simple speculum. The tandem inserted, as described,
tends to force the uterus to take a central position between the
two ovoids. This will happen if the uterus is displaced away from
the midline but is not firmly fixed in the displaced position.
However, if the uterus is fixed by disease or otherwise so that the
tandem cannot be centrally inserted in relation to the ovoids, then
the tandem should be inserted at a later date, in a separate
treatment or sitting, to minimize radiation hazard to pelvic
tissues from over-exposure.
Once the colpostat arms are spread apart, the ovoids lowered and
the tandem inserted in its proper position, the vagina is packed
with wet gauze or other material to help keep the applicator in
proper place and further separate the rectum from the radium
sources. Handle 156 is then removed. The lower blade assembly 11A,
including lower blade 150 and handle 156, can then be removed.
First, thumb wheel 160 is loosened and removed. Then lower blade
150 is withdrawn by manipulating its downward extension 152. Then
thumb wheel 172 is loosened and spreader screw 170 is removed
withdrawing retaining screw 186 and releasing pin 162 extending
inwardly from side 181 of handle 156 from its associated recess 164
of saddle 16 by pulling on saddle 16. Handle 156 is thus
disconnected from saddle 16 and removed.
After the applicator minus lower blade assembly 11A has been in
position in the vagina for a specified amount of time, the
colpostat 11 can be easily removed. The vaginal pack is removed.
Cam handles 108 are released allowing the ovoids to retract into a
position parallel to the colpostat arms. Separator thumb wheel 76
is reinserted into separator tube (inner screw tube 44) and is
turned counterclockwise to bring the colpostat arms 12 and 14 close
together. The colpostat housing 11 with attached tandem is then
withdrawn from the vagina by simply pulling on saddle 16.
SUMMARY OF OPERATION
The applicator is first inserted and used as a speculum to provide
vaginal retraction and exposure. The colpostat arms are then made
to spread apart a desired degree and the ovoids are lowered to
occupy a proper lateral position in the vaginal fornix. Uterine and
vaginal measurements are determined. A fittingly corresponding
preassembled tandem is then inserted into the uterus and is locked
into the colpostat's tandem shoe. The vagina is then packed with
wet gauze or other means to stabilize the applicator and to ensure
its fixation and proper orientation. Any shifting or tilting in the
applicator is noted by observing the position of the colpostat's
saddle, visible outside the vagina, and is corrected.
The lower part of the applicator or lower blade assembly is then
rapidly disassembled and is removed. The previously fixed upper
part of the applicator or colpostat remains in its proper
place.
When the application is completed, the vaginal packing is removed,
the ovoids are folded under the colpostat arms and the colpostat
arms are brought close together. The folded colpostat with attached
tandem drops in the vagina and is easily removed by pulling on the
saddle handle which remains visibly protruding outside the vagina
throughout the application.
It can be seen that a radium applicator has been provided which
permits simple vaginal insertion with adequate retraction and
exposure, permits the colpostat arms to be adjustably spread to a
position that is desirable for the particular uterus with which it
is being used and permits the ovoids to be positioned in a desired
location with respect to the uterus and surrounding pelvic tissues
and with respect to the tandem which is subsequently inserted. The
present invention provides a radium applicator which has
substantially universal adjustability, is easy to insert and
remove, and the operation of which can be rapidly learned by
physicians who have used a conventional speculum.
Although an illustrative embodiment of the invention has been shown
and described, it is to be understood that various modifications
and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without
departing from the novel spirit and scope of the present
invention.
* * * * *